![Page 1: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2013 ANATOMY 2013 ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY (C)& PHYSIOLOGY (C)
Karen LancourKaren Lancour Patty PalmiettoPatty PalmiettoNational Bio Rules National Bio Rules National Event National EventCommittee Chairman Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P Supervisor – A&P
![Page 2: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Event Rules – 2013
DISCLAIMERThis presentation was prepared using draft rules. There may be some changes in the final copy of the rules. The rules which will be in your Coaches Manual and Student Manuals will be the official rules.
![Page 3: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Event Rules – 2013
BE SURE TO CHECK THE 2013 EVENT RULES FOR EVENT PARAMETERS AND TOPICS FOR EACH COMPETITION LEVEL
![Page 4: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TRAINING MATERIALS Training Power Point – content overview Training Handout - content information Sample Tournament – sample problems with key Event Supervisor Guide – prep tips, event needs,
and scoring tips Internet Resource & Training CD’s – on the
Science Olympiad website at www.soinc.org under Event Information
Biology-Earth Science CD, Anatomy/A&P CD Anatomy/A&P CD (new) (new) as well as the Division B and Division C Test Packets are available from SO store at www.soinc.org
![Page 5: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Event ContentEvent Content: : 20132013 BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYBASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Nervous system Nervous system (new)(new) Digestive system Digestive system Excretory systemExcretory system Major disorders Major disorders Treatment and prevention of disordersTreatment and prevention of disorders
PROCESS SKILLS - PROCESS SKILLS - observations, observations, inferences, predictions, calculations, inferences, predictions, calculations, data analysis, and conclusions.data analysis, and conclusions.
![Page 6: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Divisions of the Nervous Divisions of the Nervous SystemSystem
Brain Brain
&&
Spine Spine
Rest Rest of of BodBody y
![Page 7: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NeuronNeuron
Basic functional cell of nervous system
Transmits impulses Three types
Sensory neurons – bring messages to CNS Motor neurons - carry messages from CNS Interneurons – between sensory & motor
neurons in the CNS
![Page 8: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
NeuronNeuron
Dendrite – receive stimulus and carries it impulses carries it impulses toward the cell bodytoward the cell body
Cell Body with nucleus – nucleus & most of cytoplasm Axon – fiber which carries impulses away from cell carries impulses away from cell
bodybody Schwann Cells- cells which produce myelin or fat layer Myelin sheath – lipid layer around the axon Node of Ranvier – gaps or nodes in the myelin sheath Impulses travel from dendrite to cell body to axondendrite to cell body to axon
![Page 9: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ImpulsesImpulses
Impulse Self propagating Mechanism – Na+
K+ pump Synapse
Junction between neurons
Neurotransmitters
![Page 10: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SynapsSynapse e
Junction between neuronsJunction between neuronsThe neurons do not actually tough at the The neurons do not actually tough at the synapse synapse Neurotransmitters used to restart impulse Neurotransmitters used to restart impulse in dendrite of 2in dendrite of 2ndnd neuron neuron
![Page 11: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters
Chemicals in Chemicals in the junction the junction which allow which allow impulses to impulses to be started in be started in the second the second neuron neuron
![Page 12: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reflex Arch Reflex Arch
![Page 13: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem
Brain Brain stem –
medulla, pons, midbrain
Diencephalon – thalamus & hypothalamus
Cerebellem Cerebrum
Spine Spinal Cord
![Page 14: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cerebrum Regions Cerebrum Regions
Lobes of the Cerebrum Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
Special regions Broca’s area Wernicke’s area Limbic System
![Page 15: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Peripheral Peripheral Nervous Nervous System System
Cranial nervesCranial nerves 12 pair 12 pair Attached to Attached to
undersurface of undersurface of brainbrain
Spinal nervesSpinal nerves 31 pair31 pair Attached to spinal Attached to spinal
cordcord
![Page 17: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous System System
Regulates bodies involuntary Regulates bodies involuntary responsesresponses
Two divisionsTwo divisions Sympathetic nervous systemSympathetic nervous system
Emergency responseEmergency response Fight or flight Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous system Normal everyday conditions Normal everyday conditions
![Page 18: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous System System
![Page 19: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Major Sense OrgansMajor Sense Organs
Vision – Eye Hearing – Ear Taste – Taste receptors (new) Smell – Olfactory system Skin – Hot, cold, pressure, pain
![Page 20: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
EyeEye
![Page 21: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ImagesImages
the cornea and the lens help to produce the image on the the cornea and the lens help to produce the image on the retina retina images formed by the lens are upside down and images formed by the lens are upside down and backwards whenbackwards when they reach the retinathey reach the retina
![Page 22: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Visual Pathway Visual Pathway
![Page 23: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
EaEarr
![Page 24: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Taste BudsTaste Buds
Chemical Receptors Sweet Sour Bitter Salty MSG
![Page 25: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Olfactory ReceptorsOlfactory Receptors
Chemical Receptors Top of nasal cavity Extremely sensitive Easily fatigued Much of “taste” involves smell
![Page 26: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SensesSensesin Skinin Skin
Heat Cold Light
pressure Heavy
Pressure Pain
![Page 27: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Disorders of the Disorders of the Nervous SystemNervous System
Epilepsy, Epilepsy, Seizures, Seizures, Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s Disease Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis Parkinson’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Shingles (herpes zoster), Shingles (herpes zoster), Cerebral palsy, Cerebral palsy, Glaucoma, Glaucoma, Pink eye (conjunctivitis)Pink eye (conjunctivitis) Symptoms of disordersSymptoms of disorders Treatments and prevention Treatments and prevention
![Page 28: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Effects of Drugs Effects of Drugs
Effects of drugs on the Effects of drugs on the nervous systemnervous system
AlcoholAlcohol CaffeineCaffeine NicotineNicotine MarijuanaMarijuana
![Page 29: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – digest foods extracellular (outside of cell) in digestive
canal
![Page 30: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
BASIC PROCESSES OF BASIC PROCESSES OF THETHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INGESTION -- intake of food DIGESTION – breakdown of food
Mechanical Digestion – physical breakdown Chemical Digestion – chemical breakdown of
macromolecules to monomers Absorption -- Transport of the products of
digestion into the blood Defecation -- Elimination of undigested
waste
![Page 31: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ORGANS OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT (Mouth to anus)TRACT (Mouth to anus)
Mouth - Chewing, Digestion begins Pharynx - Swallowing Esophagus - Transports food to stomach Stomach - Storage of food, Digestion of
protein Small Intestine - Majority of digestion and
absorption of food Large Intestines - Absorption of water,
Waste storage Anus - Elimination of waste
![Page 32: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ASCESSORY ORGANS ASCESSORY ORGANS
SECRETE FLUIDS INTO DIGESTIVE TRACT
Salivary Glands - Secrete salivary amylase
Liver - Produces bile Gallbladder - Storage of bile Pancreas - Secretes pancreatic
amylase and other digestive enzymes
![Page 33: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MOUTMOUTHH
Opens to outside to facilitate feeding Aids in preparation of food for digestion Foods are broken down mechanically by chewing Saliva is added as a lubricant from the auxiliary saliva glands Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that digests starch Serves as an organ for speech and pleasure Includes cheeks, lips, tongue, palate, teeth – primary & secondary
![Page 34: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
TEETHTEETH Incisors (8) – for biting
food Canines (4) - for
grasping and tearing food
Bicuspids (8) – for grinding and crushing food
Molars (12) – for grinding food
![Page 35: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ESOPHAGUSESOPHAGUS
a simple tube between the mouth and stomach – peristalsis aides in swallowing
![Page 36: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
STOMACHSTOMACH
![Page 37: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
STOMACHSTOMACH
Enzyme digestion of proteins initiated Foods reduced to a liquid form Walls lined with millions of gastric
glands Several kinds of cells in gastric glands Very little absorption from stomach –
some water, ethanol, drugs as aspirin, and certain ions
![Page 38: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SMALL INTESTINESMALL INTESTINE most of chemical
enzymatic digestion occur
almost all nutrients are absorbed
Accessory glands – liver, gall bladder, and pancreas provide secretions to assist with chemical enzymatic digestion
![Page 39: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
LIVER and GALL LIVER and GALL BLADDER BLADDER
Liver: - provides bile salts to the small intestine, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats.
Gallbladder – stores bile
![Page 40: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
PANCREASPANCREAS
Pancreas: - provides digestive enzymes to the small intestine which are critical for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and protein.
![Page 41: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
LARGE INTESTINES LARGE INTESTINES
Colon: liquid residue – mainly water
with undigested materal water is absorbed, bacterial fermentation takes
place feces are formed.Rectum: collects undigested
waste Anus: expels undigested waste
– muscles to control exit and prevent leakage.
![Page 42: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
DIGESTIVDIGESTIVE E PROCESS PROCESS
Ingestion – intake of food Digestion – breakdown of food
bit by bit into molecules small enough to be absorbed
Mechanical Digestion – physical breakdown of food
Chemical Digestion – chemical breakdown of macromolecules to monomers
Absorption – transport of productions into the blood
Elimination (Defecation) - elimination of undigested waste
![Page 43: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
CHEMICAL CHEMICAL DIGESTIODIGESTION N
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEIN FATS NUCLEIC ACIDS
![Page 44: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Common Disorders of Common Disorders of Digestive System Digestive System
Stomach and duodenal ulcers Cancers of the digestive system Diarrhea Lactose Intolerance Hepatitis Crohn’s Disease, GERD, Diverticular Disease,
Celiac Disease (National)
![Page 45: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Role of Fiber in Role of Fiber in Digestion Digestion
Fiber is found mostly in plant There are two types – insoluble fiber and soluble fiber Insoluble fiber is a type of fiber which cannot be dissolved in water Insoluble fiber draws water to the intestine, increasing the bulk and
softness of waste products Soluble fiber which can be dissolved in water Soluble fiber can be digested slowly and it slows the digestive
process and keeps the stomach fuller longer leaving the body feeling full for a longer period of time
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates are slower so that glucose (sugar) in food enters the bloodstream more slowly, which keeps blood sugar on a more even level
The slow absorption of sugar gives the body an opportunity to regulate blood sugar levels
![Page 46: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Excretory SystemExcretory System
Functions: Excrete toxins and nitrogenous
waste Regulate levels of many
chemicals in blood Maintain water balance Helps regulate blood pressure
![Page 47: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Organs of Excretory Organs of Excretory System System
Kidney – filters blood and forms urine Ureter – carries urine to bladder Bladder – stores urine Urethra – releases urine
![Page 48: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
KidneyKidney
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
![Page 49: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
NephronNephron
![Page 50: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
NephronNephron
![Page 51: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
CompositioComposition of Urine n of Urine
![Page 52: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Glomerular Filtration Glomerular Filtration RateRate
GFR– amount of filtrate formed per minute in all nephrons of both kidneys
• The amount of fluid filtered from the glomeruli into Bowman's space per unit of time.
• Renal capillaries are much more permeable than others.
• The flow rate is 180 L/day (125 ml/min) compared to 4 L/day in the other capillaries.
• The entire plasma volume is filtered about 60 times a day! Most is reabsorbed!
GFR = UV = Urine concentration x Rate of Urine Flow = g/ml x ml/min = ml/min P Blood Plasma Concentration g
![Page 53: 2013 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (C) Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494db2b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Diseases of Excretory Diseases of Excretory System System
Obstructive Disorders Urinary tract infections (UTI) Glomerular Disorders Renal Failure
Acute Chronic
Treatment for Renal Failure Incontinence, Prostatitis, BPH
(national)