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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson • Reece
21The Evolutionof Populations
Questions prepared by
Fleur Ferro, Community College of Denver
William Wischusen, Louisiana State University
onald !alsamo, Villanova University
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In e"olutionary terms, an or#anism$s %itness is
measured by its &&&&&&&&.
'. stability in the %ace o% en"ironmental chan#e
!. contribution to the #ene pool o% the ne(t
#eneration
). #enetic "ariability
*. mutation rate
E. health
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In e"olutionary terms, an or#anism$s %itness is
measured by its &&&&&&&&.
'. stability in the %ace o% en"ironmental chan#e
B. contribution to the gene pool of the next
generation
). #enetic "ariability
*. mutation rate
E. health
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ed short+horned cattle are homoy#ous %or the red
allele, -hite cattle are homoy#ous %or the -hite
allele, and roan cattle are heteroy#otes. Population
' consists o% / red, 1/ -hite, and 4 roan
cattle. What are the allele %reuencies3
'. red = 0./, -hite = 0.1/
!. red = 0./, -hite = 0.4
). red=
0., -hite=
0.*. 'llele %reuencies cannot be determined unless
the population is in euilibrium.
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ed short+horned cattle are homoy#ous %or the red
allele, -hite cattle are homoy#ous %or the -hite
allele, and roan cattle are heteroy#otes. Population
' consists o% / red, 1/ -hite, and 4 roan
cattle. What are the allele %reuencies3
'. red = 0./, -hite = 0.1/
B. red 0.6, white 0.4
). red=
0., -hite=
0.*. 'llele %reuencies cannot be determined unless
the population is in euilibrium.
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Indicate -hich o% the 5ardy6Weinber# conditions is
bein# "iolated in the %ollo-in# e(ample7 8ome
moths on a tree are easier to see due to their li#hter
color and there%ore are eaten by predators more
o%ten.
'. lar#e population sie
!. no mutation
). no #ene %lo-*. random matin# occurrin#
E. no selection
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Indicate -hich o% the 5ardy6Weinber# conditions is
bein# "iolated in the %ollo-in# e(ample7 8ome
moths on a tree are easier to see due to their li#hter
color and there%ore are eaten by predators more
o%ten.
'. lar#e population sie
!. no mutation
). no #ene %lo-
*. random matin# occurrin#
E. no selection
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Indicate -hich o% the 5ardy6Weinber# conditions is
bein# "iolated in this e(ample7 Female sail%in
blennies 9a %ish: tend to choose males -ith either a
lar#e sail%in on top o% their heads or the best %lic;in#
motion o% their sail%in.
'. lar#e population sie
!. no mutation
). no #ene %lo-
*. random matin# occurrin#
E. no selection
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Indicate -hich o% the 5ardy6Weinber# conditions is
bein# "iolated in this e(ample7 Female sail%in
blennies 9a %ish: tend to choose males -ith either a
lar#e sail%in on top o% their heads or the best %lic;in#
motion o% their sail%in.
'. lar#e population sie
!. no mutation
). no #ene %lo-
D. random mating occurring
E. no selection
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Indicate -hich o% the 5ardy6Weinber# conditions is
bein# "iolated in this e(ample7 *ue to #lobal
-armin#, a ri"er has dried up, allo-in# t-o di%%erent
rabbit populations to mate -ith one another,
-hereas they -ere isolated be%ore.
'. lar#e population sie
!. no mutation
). no #ene %lo-
*. random matin# occurrin#
E. no selection
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Indicate -hich o% the 5ardy6Weinber# conditions is
bein# "iolated in this e(ample7 *ue to #lobal
-armin#, a ri"er has dried up, allo-in# t-o di%%erent
rabbit populations to mate -ith one another,
-hereas they -ere isolated be%ore.
'. lar#e population sie
!. no mutation
C. no gene flow
*. random matin# occurrin#
E. no selection
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<he te(tboo; discusses ho- the con"ersion o%
uality habitat into %armland has #reatly depleted
the #reater prairie chic;en populations and, as a
result, their #enetic di"ersity. Which o% the %ollo-in#
occurred in this e(ample3
'. %ounder e%%ects
!. mutation
). natural selection
*. #ene %lo-
E. bottlenec;in#
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<he te(tboo; discusses ho- the con"ersion o%
uality habitat into %armland has #reatly depleted
the #reater prairie chic;en populations and, as a
result, their #enetic di"ersity. Which o% the %ollo-in#
occurred in this e(ample3
'. %ounder e%%ects
!. mutation
). natural selection
*. #ene %lo-
E. bottlenecking
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Indicate -hat type o% selection is occurrin# in the
e(ample here7 *ue to less sno-%all in an area, -hite
mice are predated on more than intermediate+ or
dar;+colored mice.
'. directional selection
!. disrupti"e selection
). stabiliin# selection
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Indicate -hat type o% selection is occurrin# in the
e(ample here7 *ue to less sno-%all in an area, -hite
mice are predated on more than intermediate+ or
dar;+colored mice.
. directional selection
!. disrupti"e selection
). stabiliin# selection
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Indicate -hat type o% selection is occurrin# in the
e(ample here7 *urin# a drou#ht, it -as disco"ered
that %inches -ith lar#e bea;s and those -ith small
bea;s -ere more success%ul due to the %ood
sources a"ailable durin# the drou#ht.
'. directional selection
!. disrupti"e selection
). stabiliin# selection
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Indicate -hat type o% selection is occurrin# in the
e(ample here7 *urin# a drou#ht, it -as disco"ered
that %inches -ith lar#e bea;s and those -ith small
bea;s -ere more success%ul due to the %ood
sources a"ailable durin# the drou#ht.
'. directional selection
B. disrupti!e selection
). stabiliin# selection
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<he %reuency o% cystic %ibrosis, a recessi"e #enetic
disease, is 1 per 2,00 births amon# =orthern
Europeans. 'ssumin# random matin#, -hat is the
%reuency o% carriers3
'. 1>2,00, or about 0.04
!. 1>0, or about 2
). 1>2, or about 4
*. <he %reuency cannot be calculated because
selection "iolates 5ardy6Weinber# assumptions.
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<he %reuency o% cystic %ibrosis, a recessi"e #enetic
disease, is 1 per 2,00 births amon# =orthern
Europeans. 'ssumin# random matin#, -hat is the
%reuency o% carriers3
'. 1>2,00, or about 0.04
!. 1>0, or about 2
C. "#$%, or about 4&
*. <he %reuency cannot be calculated because
selection "iolates 5ardy6Weinber# assumptions.
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?ntil the 1@0s, in%ants born -ith cystic %ibrosis did
not sur"i"e lon#er than a %e- months. I% the
%reuency o% carriers -as 4 in the year 1@00, -hat
proportion o% )F alleles -as eliminated in one
#eneration3
'. 100
!. 0
). 4
*. 2
Ε. < 0.1
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?ntil the 1@0s, in%ants born -ith cystic %ibrosis did
not sur"i"e lon#er than a %e- months. I% the
%reuency o% carriers -as 4 in the year 1@00, -hat
proportion o% )F alleles -as eliminated in one
#eneration3
'. 100
!. 0
). 4
D. $&
Ε. < 0.1
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!e%ore treatment -ith <), did <)+resistant
"iruses e(ist in these patients3
'. yes!. no
). no -ay to tell
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!e%ore treatment -ith <), did <)+resistant
"iruses e(ist in these patients3
. 'es!. no
). no -ay to tell
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' hi#h proportion o% the cats on Aey West ha"e
e(tra toes 9polydactyly:. What is the most li;ely
e(planation3
'. hi#h rate o% mutation
!. %ounder e%%ect). bottlenec; e%%ect
*. directional selection %or e(tra toes
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' hi#h proportion o% the cats on Aey West ha"e
e(tra toes 9polydactyly:. What is the most li;ely
e(planation3
'. hi#h rate o% mutation
B. founder effect). bottlenec; e%%ect
*. directional selection %or e(tra toes