Download - 3 Schools of Thought Presentation
3 SCHOOLS OF
THOUGHT ON
ENTERPRISE
ARCHITECTURE
James Lapalme PhD.
I’m a researcher and consultant
Roles EA - 2006 (6yrs)
SA - 2003 (9yrs)
DEV - 1999 (13 yrs)
Sectors Banking/Investment
Transportation
Utilities
Telecom
E-Learning
PhD, MSc and BSc In Comp. Sci. University of Montréal Software Engineering and Heterogonous Systems Design
MA In Human Systems Intervention Concordia University Organizational Effectiveness, Learning and Transformation
Experience Education
I’m interested in Praxis
"There is nothing so practical as a
good theory.“ - Kurt Lewin
"If you want truly to understand
something, try to change it.“ - Kurt
Lewin
Warning : Language assumption!
Enterprise = Organization
All organization have an enterprise; all
enterprises are untaken by an organization.
IT = IS
In Canada, few distinguish between IT and IS.
Why : Explore, Explain and
Provoke
IT Challenges EA Challenges
Source: Standish 2009
• Misalignment with business objectives
• Low interdepartmental communication
• Resources Constraints
• High environmental change
• Low engagement
• Cultural gap between IT and business
• Lack of knowledge
• Motivation Source: Sung-Ong 2002
• Understanding of EA value • Politics and organisational silos • Cultural issues • Misunderstanding of business
objectives and strategies • Engagement Source: Gartner 2010
• 1% are hostile • 13% ignore • 32% unaware • 39% accepted as « TI stuff » • 15% actively supported
Source: Forrester 2010
High
Failure
Rate!
No
Support!
People & Organisational
Issues!
People & Organisational
Issues!
Belief Systems
“Everybody has beliefs !”
© 2012 James Lapalme
3 Schools Of Thought on EA
Non-IT
Strategy
EA
IT Strategy
Environment
Enterprise
Strategy Execution
HR Strategy
Operations Strategy
Financial Strategy
Other Strategies
IT Strategies
EA EA
Enterprise IT Architecture
IT-Business Strategy Aligment
Enterprise Integration
Enterprise Strategy Execution
Enterprise Ecological Adaption
Enterprise Learning and Sustainability
EEA
EIE
EITA
IT & Non-IT
Strategy
Alignment
Strategy &
Execution
Alignment
Strategy Formulation &
Execution
Alignment
IT
Enterprise
Enterprise-in-
environment
Alternative Views
Mechanistic
Systemic
Closed
System
Open
System
EEA EI
EITA EEA
EI
EITA
Non-IT
Strategy
Alignment
Non-IT Strategy
Execution
Alignment
Non-IT
Strategy
Formulation
IT
Strategy
Alignment
IT Strategy
Execution
Alignment
IT Strategy
Formulation
Overview – Belief Systems
EITA Beliefs
• Reductionism
• Closed System
• Determinism
• Universalism
EI Beliefs
• Holism
• Closed System
• Determinism
• Universalism
EEA Beliefs
• Holism
• Open System
• Indeterminism
• Contextualism
Overview – Insights & Limitations
What was this about again ?
This is not about Enterprise Architecture;
this is about Enterprise Architects!
Future - KPIs
School Objectif KPIs
EITA
IT Cost Reduction Reduction in IT Recurring Costs
Model Creations
Business Enablement
Delivered Solutions (BC)
Business Appreciation of IT foresight
Quicker Delivery
IT Portfolio Management
Operation Execution Identification and Solutioning of ongoing IT problems
EI
Effective Strategy Implementation Holistic Solutions
Implementation Oversight
Organizational Coherency
Identification and Assessment on Incoherencies
Work Statisfaction
Resolution of Incoherencies
EEA
Innovation New products and Services
New ideas
Organizational Coherency
Identification and Assessment on Incoherencies
Work Statisfaction
Resolution of Incoherencies
Coevolution
Identification of Opportunities
Intervention on Opportunities
Continous Growth
Sustainable Growth (triple bottom line)
Questions ?