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GeographyGeography

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Bodies of WaterBodies of Water

The Tiber River was Rome’s major river.

The Mediterranean Sea was a body of water the Italian Peninsula extended into.

The Tiber River was Rome’s major river.

The Mediterranean Sea was a body of water the Italian Peninsula extended into.

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More on Bodies of WaterMore on Bodies of Water

The Rhine and Danube Rivers were two rivers that bordered the northern part of the Roman Empire.

The Rhine and Danube Rivers were two rivers that bordered the northern part of the Roman Empire.

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HillsHills

There were seven hills Rome settled on or bordered.

Aventine was the hill Remus chose to live on and so did many Plebeians. The Plebeians also built a temple to Ceres.

There were seven hills Rome settled on or bordered.

Aventine was the hill Remus chose to live on and so did many Plebeians. The Plebeians also built a temple to Ceres.

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More on HillsMore on Hills

Capitoline held many fortresses and held temples to Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Juno Moneta, and Concord.

The temple of Magma Mater was located on Palentine.

Capitoline held many fortresses and held temples to Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Juno Moneta, and Concord.

The temple of Magma Mater was located on Palentine.

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Bordering BoundriesBordering Boundries

Spain was the western boundary of the Roman Empire at its height.

The Sahara Desert was the southern boundary of the Roman Empire at its height.

Northeast Africa, which was Carthage at that time, bordered Rome across the Mediterranean Sea whom Rome finally conquered in the Third Punic War.

Spain was the western boundary of the Roman Empire at its height.

The Sahara Desert was the southern boundary of the Roman Empire at its height.

Northeast Africa, which was Carthage at that time, bordered Rome across the Mediterranean Sea whom Rome finally conquered in the Third Punic War.

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More on Bordering Boundries

More on Bordering Boundries

Gaul was northern land invaded by Caesar, secured under Claudius.

Gaul was northern land invaded by Caesar, secured under Claudius.

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Neighboring lands and their Geography

Neighboring lands and their Geography

Carthage was mountainy, tropical, and green.

Today’s Sicily was once Carthage property and Sicily is an island off the Italian peninsula.

The Sahara was south of Rome. The Sahara was complete desert, dry and sandy.

Carthage was mountainy, tropical, and green.

Today’s Sicily was once Carthage property and Sicily is an island off the Italian peninsula.

The Sahara was south of Rome. The Sahara was complete desert, dry and sandy.

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ReligionReligion

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Etruscan Mysticism Etruscan Mysticism

The Etruscans believed that gods gave them signs of nature.

Etruscans thought they could predict good harvests by studying the migration of birds.

The Etruscans believed that gods gave them signs of nature.

Etruscans thought they could predict good harvests by studying the migration of birds.

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More on Etruscan Mysticism

More on Etruscan Mysticism

Etruscans diviners used the stars to plan the layouts of their town plan

They also read the organs of animals before conducting burials.

Etruscans diviners used the stars to plan the layouts of their town plan

They also read the organs of animals before conducting burials.

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Christian BeliefsChristian Beliefs

Christian artists believed that their art should portray religious ideas than aspects of human life.

When a Christian would die they would be buried in a catacomb because the Christians believed that they bury their dead together so

Christian artists believed that their art should portray religious ideas than aspects of human life.

When a Christian would die they would be buried in a catacomb because the Christians believed that they bury their dead together so

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More on Christian beliefsMore on Christian beliefs

that they could be easily reunited in the next life.

Christians believed in one god only who controls life on earth and life after death.

that they could be easily reunited in the next life.

Christians believed in one god only who controls life on earth and life after death.

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Roman beliefsRoman beliefs

When Romans died their bodies would be cremated and left over ashes would be kept.

At Roman religious ceremonies, Romans sacrificed animals to please their gods.

When Romans died their bodies would be cremated and left over ashes would be kept.

At Roman religious ceremonies, Romans sacrificed animals to please their gods.

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More on Roman beliefsMore on Roman beliefs

Also, Romans believed that their recently deceased emperor was a god.

Also, Romans believed that their recently deceased emperor was a god.

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Jews and their beliefsJews and their beliefs

Hadrian treated the Jews poorly during his reign, so the Jews led a revolt in which five hundred thousand Jews died.

Jews believed in the Messiah, but rejected the belief that Jesus, the god’s sacred son, resurrected.

Hadrian treated the Jews poorly during his reign, so the Jews led a revolt in which five hundred thousand Jews died.

Jews believed in the Messiah, but rejected the belief that Jesus, the god’s sacred son, resurrected.

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More on Jews and their beliefs

More on Jews and their beliefs

Some Jews accepted Roman rule. They accepted Herod, a non Jew, whom the Romans made king.

Some Jews accepted Roman rule. They accepted Herod, a non Jew, whom the Romans made king.

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AchievementsAchievements

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System of LawSystem of Law Early Roman law was

written down on tablets.

These tablets were displayed at the Forum, which was Rome’s city square.

These laws would have to be obeyed by all citizens of Rome.

An accused person was considered guilty until proven guilty.

Early Roman law was written down on tablets.

These tablets were displayed at the Forum, which was Rome’s city square.

These laws would have to be obeyed by all citizens of Rome.

An accused person was considered guilty until proven guilty.

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Military and the DomeMilitary and the Dome

Romans knew how to make pillars and arches, so started “thinking out of the box.”

They knew how to handle concrete so after the walls were finished of a structure were finished, they hoisted a dome on the top and put it in place.

Romans knew how to make pillars and arches, so started “thinking out of the box.”

They knew how to handle concrete so after the walls were finished of a structure were finished, they hoisted a dome on the top and put it in place.

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More on military and domeMore on military and dome

The dome was found in many public places in Rome.

The army of Rome was made up of six thousand legions.

Every citizen in the Roman Empire who owned land must have served in the army.

The dome was found in many public places in Rome.

The army of Rome was made up of six thousand legions.

Every citizen in the Roman Empire who owned land must have served in the army.

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ArtArt

Artists filled structures with colorful mosaics, which were bits of tile and other material put together to make one big picture.

Sculptures were popular, too. Statues of gods and important officials stood in markets, temples, and other places.

Artists filled structures with colorful mosaics, which were bits of tile and other material put together to make one big picture.

Sculptures were popular, too. Statues of gods and important officials stood in markets, temples, and other places.

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More on ArtMore on Art

Skillful artisans made jars, vases, mirrors, combs, and pins.

Skillful artisans made jars, vases, mirrors, combs, and pins.

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PoliticsPolitics

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HadrianHadrian Hadrian was a Roman

emperor who encouraged the spread of Greek culture throughout the empire.

Hadrian traveled throughout the empire to build and rebuild new structures, and to listen to the concerns of the inhabitants of each province.

Hadrian was a Roman emperor who encouraged the spread of Greek culture throughout the empire.

Hadrian traveled throughout the empire to build and rebuild new structures, and to listen to the concerns of the inhabitants of each province.

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More on HadrianMore on Hadrian Hadrian kept peace

in every province except Judea.

Jews became angry and led a revolt regarding his care for Judea. After the revolt five hundred thousand Jews died fighting the Romans

Hadrian kept peace in every province except Judea.

Jews became angry and led a revolt regarding his care for Judea. After the revolt five hundred thousand Jews died fighting the Romans

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AugustusAugustus

Augustus built new roads in the empire to improve trade and communication.

Augustus restored eighty two temples and theaters.

Augustus paid governors well and let them serve in office longer to help improve provinces.

Augustus built new roads in the empire to improve trade and communication.

Augustus restored eighty two temples and theaters.

Augustus paid governors well and let them serve in office longer to help improve provinces.

Q u ic k T ime ™ a n d aT IF F (U n c o mp re s s e d ) d e c o mp re s s o r

a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .

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More on AugustusMore on Augustus

Augustus built police departments to reduce crime.

Augustus built police departments to reduce crime.

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Fall of RomeFall of Rome

Social causes affected the fall of Rome because there was a decline in city population and an increase in slavery.

Political causes affected the fall of Rome because there was a weak central government and the empire was divided.

Social causes affected the fall of Rome because there was a decline in city population and an increase in slavery.

Political causes affected the fall of Rome because there was a weak central government and the empire was divided.

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More on the fall of RomeMore on the fall of Rome

Military causes affected the falloff Rome because armies were made up of many foreign soldiers and invasions occurred.

Economic causes affected the fall of Rome because of high taxes and trade and farming weakening.

Military causes affected the falloff Rome because armies were made up of many foreign soldiers and invasions occurred.

Economic causes affected the fall of Rome because of high taxes and trade and farming weakening.

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Roman GovernmentRoman Government

Rome was a republic, which citizens held the power to vote.

Rulers who held absolute power for more than six month were called Consuls.

The twelve tablets were basic principles of Roman Law.

Rome was a republic, which citizens held the power to vote.

Rulers who held absolute power for more than six month were called Consuls.

The twelve tablets were basic principles of Roman Law.

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EconomyEconomy

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TradeTrade

Through a vast network of concrete roads, trade took place.

As trade increased, provincial cities became centers of industry and commerce.

Ships carried wheat from Egypt to Italy and red pottery was exported west to Brittan and east to India.

Through a vast network of concrete roads, trade took place.

As trade increased, provincial cities became centers of industry and commerce.

Ships carried wheat from Egypt to Italy and red pottery was exported west to Brittan and east to India.

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More on TradeMore on Trade

Throughout the Mediterranean Sea, Rome traded with Asia Minor, Syria, Brittan, Gaul, Spain, Macedonia, and Egypt.

Throughout the Mediterranean Sea, Rome traded with Asia Minor, Syria, Brittan, Gaul, Spain, Macedonia, and Egypt.

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CurrencyCurrency

During reign, Augustus issued a new currency in the form of coins.

The main coin was a denarius.

For example, a silver denarius was worth twelve times less than a gold one.

During reign, Augustus issued a new currency in the form of coins.

The main coin was a denarius.

For example, a silver denarius was worth twelve times less than a gold one.

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More on CurrencyMore on Currency

The designs on the coin depicted the emperor and his building projects.

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Price InflationPrice Inflation

The price was increasing in Rome, at the time of its last days, because the lack of precious material to make a denarius.

A bag of wheat would cost one denarius, but since the price inflation occurred, it would then cost two hundred denarius.

The price was increasing in Rome, at the time of its last days, because the lack of precious material to make a denarius.

A bag of wheat would cost one denarius, but since the price inflation occurred, it would then cost two hundred denarius.

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More on Price InflationMore on Price Inflation

The inflation hurt commerce, because it made lack of money to supply the army.

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TaxesTaxes

The civil wars Rome was facing cost an enormous amount of money the supply the army.

In this case, the emperor had to raise the taxes and few people had high enough incomes to pay what they owned.

The civil wars Rome was facing cost an enormous amount of money the supply the army.

In this case, the emperor had to raise the taxes and few people had high enough incomes to pay what they owned.

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More on TaxesMore on Taxes

One reason for peoples’ inability to pay their taxes was that the empire’s supply of gold and silver coins was declining.

One reason for peoples’ inability to pay their taxes was that the empire’s supply of gold and silver coins was declining.

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Social StructureSocial Structure

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Family LifeFamily Life In the family the father

was the “boss.”

He could have the power to execute his relatives if they committed a wrong act that affected the whole family.

If a newborn was born with a problem, the father would choose if the baby lives with the family.

In the family the father was the “boss.”

He could have the power to execute his relatives if they committed a wrong act that affected the whole family.

If a newborn was born with a problem, the father would choose if the baby lives with the family.

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More on Family LifeMore on Family Life

If the baby was accepted into the family, the baby wears a bulla, necklace, and is taken care of.

If the baby was not accepted, the baby would be left outside to die.

If the baby was accepted into the family, the baby wears a bulla, necklace, and is taken care of.

If the baby was not accepted, the baby would be left outside to die.

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PatriciansPatricians

They held debt bondage which means they owned property, and let others rent the space, but when that person couldn’t pay off their debt, Patricians gave them the “boot.”

Most of the government consisted of Patricians.

Patricians were leaders of Rome’s social and economic life.

They held debt bondage which means they owned property, and let others rent the space, but when that person couldn’t pay off their debt, Patricians gave them the “boot.”

Most of the government consisted of Patricians.

Patricians were leaders of Rome’s social and economic life.

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PlebeiansPlebeians

Plebeians were considered Rome’s lower class.

Plebeians held little power in occupations and in general.

Plebeians could not hold political office, become priests or could not conduct religious ceremonies.

Plebeians were considered Rome’s lower class.

Plebeians held little power in occupations and in general.

Plebeians could not hold political office, become priests or could not conduct religious ceremonies.

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HousingHousing

Wealthy Romans lived in hilltop mansions filled with luxury items and beautiful architecture.

These homes included mosaics, marble, dining rooms, and some included a private bath.

Wealthy Romans lived in hilltop mansions filled with luxury items and beautiful architecture.

These homes included mosaics, marble, dining rooms, and some included a private bath.

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More on HousingMore on Housing On the other hand, poor

Romans lived in cramped dirty and flammable apartments in the chaotic city.

These apartments were usually ten stories. It was dark and noisy. Many apartments included a portable stove which caused several fires to start.

On the other hand, poor Romans lived in cramped dirty and flammable apartments in the chaotic city.

These apartments were usually ten stories. It was dark and noisy. Many apartments included a portable stove which caused several fires to start.

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ConclusionConclusion

I believe the most important idea about Ancient Rome, was system of law, because it kept Rome from chaos. These laws were supposed to be followed by all citizens. Laws were informed and strict, but kept Rome in a stable position.

I believe the most important idea about Ancient Rome, was system of law, because it kept Rome from chaos. These laws were supposed to be followed by all citizens. Laws were informed and strict, but kept Rome in a stable position.


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