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40 Years of operation of Near Surface40 Years of operation of Near SurfaceRepositories. Andra Experience.Repositories. Andra Experience.
JL Tison
ANDRA International Department
www.andra.fr
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Until 1969, storage on sites.
1969: Centre Manche commissioned. First Repository for Short
Lived, Low and Intermediate LevelWaste.
1979: Creation of ANDRA, a branch of the CEA. ANDRA in
charge of All Radioactive Waste. Producer Pays Principle.
1992: Commissioning of Centre Aube for Short Lived, Lowand Intermediate Level Waste.
1994: Closure of Centre Manche.
2003: Long term Monitoring phase for Centre Manche.
2003: Commissioning of Morvilliers site for Very Low Level
Waste.
KEY DATES for Surface RepositoriesKEY DATES for Surface Repositories
2
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SF and
reprocessing
waste
Dedicated trench type surface disposal
Very Low Level Waste
Dismantling
waste
Operationalwaste
Short lived nuclidesHalf-life
Type of Waste
Waste Disposal Classification principleWaste Disposal Classification principle
WAC
G
eologi
caldisposal
HighL
evelW
aste
WAC
LOW
ACTIVITY
HIGH
ACTIVITYTypical Disposal Routes for Different types of
Waste
Surface or near
surface disposal
Low and Intermediate Waste
Long lived nuclides
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Actual Disposal Classification in FranceActual Disposal Classification in France
Parliament debate in 2006
Research reports delivered in June 2005
Centre de Morvilliers(waste from dismantling operations)
Short lived waste Long lived waste
High levelHigh level
SF & Waste from reprocessing plants
Research stage 1991 and 2006 actsDisposal site to be commissioned in 2025
Intermediate levelIntermediate
level
Centrede
l Aube
Centre Aube(operating waste from
NPPs )
+ Centre MANCHE
Low levelLow levelOperational in 2019
(graphite, radium bearing)
Very low levelVery low levelCentre de Morvilliers
(waste from dismantling operations)
4 types of disposal site
No clearance level in France
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Andra Financing SchemeAndra Financing Scheme (except for HLW Research)(except for HLW Research)
OTHERS AREVA CEA EDF
ANDRA SERVICESDISPOSAL- - STORAGE
ACCEPTANCE COLLECTION-
TRANSPORT-DESIGN-CONSTRUCTION
STATE BUDGET
COMMERCIAL
CONTRACTS
INFORMATION MISSION-ORPHAN WASTE
4.5 M EUROS in 2008
Financial Provisions in Waste Producers/Owners financial books
for future expenses.( Disposal, Dismantling, etc)
APART FROM VERY
SPECIFIC CASES (eg
MEDICAL WASTE) ,
ANDRA DOES NOT
TAKE FINANCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY FROM
THE WASTEPRODUCER/OWNER
FOR FUTURE COST TO
OCCUR NOR
OWNERSHIP
COMMERCIAL
BANKS
LOANS
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A Disposal site in long term monitoring phase since 2003.Centre de la Manche (operation from 1969 to 1994).
A Disposal site in operation for Low and Intermediate level,Waste. Centre de lAube commissioned in 1992.
A Disposal site in operation for Very Low Level Waste,since 2003. Morvilliers site.
Operational situation for surface repositoriesOperational situation for surface repositories
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HEADQUARTERS
SURFACE REPOSITORY (CM CA - CTFA)
Andra Surface RepositoriesAndra Surface Repositories
PARIS
URL
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CENTRE MANCHE
CENTRE AUBE
CENTRE MORVILLIERS
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Compliance with the irradiation and contamination limits
set for the different categories of workers,
Compliance with the irradiation and contamination limits setfor members of the public, taking account of existing installations.
Two principles set out in the 1969 creation decree:
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Concrete
trenches
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Retrieving waste
After Tritium leakage in
1976
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Gallery of the separate
water collection system
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Centre Manche in operationCentre Manche in operation
Final shape being prepared.Final shape being prepared.
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Multi-layer cover
Successive layers: schist and sandstone, sand,bitumen membrane, sand
A water-recovery system for potential seepage
Long-term monitoring of the repository and of the cover:Visual, topographical and hydraulic inspections, and radiological
controls of collected waters
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Intensive monitoring period during a first phase (until
approximately 2010)
Post-closure long-term monitoring: 300 years
Cost : 3 M per year (before taxes)
Monitoring cost borne by waste producers
LOW & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL SHORT LIVED WASTELOW & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL SHORT LIVED WASTE --
CENTRE DE LA MANCHECENTRE DE LA MANCHE
Operated between 1969
and 1994 (527 000 m
3
). Official monitoring
period since 2003
No significant impact on
the environment (10,000
measures per year)
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CENTRE MANCHE
CENTRE AUBE
CENTRE MORVILLIERS
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SITING
SITE SELECTION CRITERIA
- Stability
- Low seismicity
- Simple hydrogeology
- Identified water outlet
- No natural resources
- Low population density
Aube hydro-geologic model
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:
FINAL COVER
VAULT
UNDERGROUND GALLERY
WATER COLLECTING SYSTEM
PERMEABLE LAYER
One Outlet
IMPERMEABLE LAYER (CLAY)
DEEP GEOLOGICAL LAYERS
2-DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
3- SITE
Containment
during operational period
and institutional control period
1-WASTE
PACKAGE
THE CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
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IMPERMEABLE LAYER (CLAY)
DEEP GEOLOGICAL LAYERS
PERMEABLE LAYER
::
Water transfer
scenarios
Air transfer scenarios
Artificial barriers
are damaged
The necessity to monitor long lived radio-nuclides
LONG TERM SAFETY
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Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facilityCentre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility
Low and intermediate level short lived waste
Area : 95 ha (total)
30 ha (disposal)
Capacity : 1,000,000 m3 waste packages
Start up : 1992Disposed volume : > 200,000 M3 as of 2007
Deliveries 2006 : 14,668 m3
Disposal 2006 : 13,416 m3
9 vaults were closed in 2006
88 vaults were closed since start up
440 vaults are planned in total
16,000 environmental monitoring measurements
per year
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Centre AubeCentre Aube-- Aerial ViewAerial View-- Vault Life CycleVault Life Cycle
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WASTE PACKAGESWASTE PACKAGES
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CENTRE DE LCENTRE DE LAUBE DISPOSAL OPERATIONSAUBE DISPOSAL OPERATIONS
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Waste treatment / Conditioning / PackagingWaste treatment / Conditioning / Packaging
Grouting of
waste packages
Supercompaction
Drying
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Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facilityCentre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facilityOperation includes an acceptance process of waste packagesOperation includes an acceptance process of waste packages
To get confidence in the ability of the waste generator to produce waste packagescomplying with waste acceptance criteria
qualification of packages and processes
assessment of Quality Assurance in the generators facility
To maintain confidenceinspections
non destructive and destructive tests on delivered packages
C d S l i (A b ) di l f ili
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Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facilityCentre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility
Disposal of PWR vessel headsDisposal of PWR vessel heads
55 vessel heads to be disposed
6 pieces delivered per year
C CA S O S STECHNICAL RESPONSIBILITIES
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TECHNICAL RESPONSIBILITIESTECHNICAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Centre AUBECentre AUBE
Waste Producer Andra
Waste sorting and
characterization
X
Waste conditioning
Storage
X
X
(X)
(Drums compaction,
metallic boxes grouting)
Waste acceptance X
Transportation X (X)(from Andra railway terminal and
transportation subcontracted to Andra)
Disposal X
There is no transfer of ownership when a waste is disposed. The waste producer
remains the owner of the waste,
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CENTRE MANCHE
CENTRE AUBE
CENTRE MORVILLIERS
VERY LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTEVERY LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE
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VERY LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTEVERY LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE
MORVILLIERS DISPOSAL FACILITYMORVILLIERS DISPOSAL FACILITY
VERYVERY LOW LEVEL WASTE DISPOSALLOW LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL
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Commissioning in 2003
Located at Morvilliers
near the Centre de lAube
Capacity: 650,000 m3
Waste
Bottom geo-membrane
Base layer
Ditch
Drainage and filtration
Inspection shaft
Top geo-membrane
Drainage and filtration
Collector
Sand
Clay cover
Clay
backfill
Vegetation
cover
VERYVERY--LOW LEVEL WASTE DISPOSALLOW LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL
CONCEPTCONCEPT
Centre de Morvilliers disposal facilityCentre de Morvilliers disposal facility
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Centre de Morvilliers disposal facilityCentre de Morvilliers disposal facilityDesign and operation procedures that complyDesign and operation procedures that comply
with hazardous waste disposal facilities requirementswith hazardous waste disposal facilities requirements
Waste emplacement at the VLL aste facilitWaste emplacement at the VLL waste facility
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Waste emplacement at the VLL waste facilityWaste emplacement at the VLL waste facility
DISPOSAL CELL CLOSUREDISPOSAL CELL CLOSURE
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DISPOSAL CELL CLOSUREDISPOSAL CELL CLOSURE
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Long learning process during 40 years of operation of surface
repositories
Surface repositories accomodate most of the waste being produced in
France, including medical waste.A solution for all operating waste from NPP.
A solution for most of dismantling waste.
Experience gained in closure and long term monitoring of disposal
sites.
Allows to accept very large pieces (vesselhead, steam generators, etc)
Conclusion