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331 Hours,
1 PhD,
1 Great (Old!) Friend
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>The Impact of (“Less-than-Super”) Shells on Star-Forming Molecular Clouds
>Alyssa A. Goodman>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
>Carl’s Birthday Party>Arecibo, September 2004
>
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Super & “Less-than-Super” Shells
H-
em
issi
on,W
HA
M/S
HA
SSA
Surv
eys
(see F
inkb
ein
er
200
3)
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H-
em
issi
on,W
HA
M/S
HA
SSA
Surv
eys
(see F
inkb
ein
er
200
3)
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“Less-than-Super” Shells
Super Shells (>>10 pc diameter) produced by SN(e), GRBsDrive ISM turbulence on large scales Trigger molecular cloud formation (and subsequent
star formation)?
“Less-than-Super” Shells (<10 pc diameter) from stellar winds/HII RegionsTrigger star formation in extant molecular clouds?Help Marijke et al. create the added structures?
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Barnard’s Ophiuchus
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COMPLETE (Re)Discovery of a Heated Smoke Ring in
Ophiuchus
D. Li, A. Goodman, J. Li & S. Schnee 2004
2 pc
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Alyssa A. Goodman, Principal Investigator (CfA)João Alves (ESO, Germany)
Héctor Arce (Caltech)Paola Caselli (Arcetri, Italy)
James DiFrancesco (HIA, Canada)Jonathan Foster (CfA, PhD Student)
Mark Heyer (UMASS/FCRAO)Helen Kirk (HIA, Canada)
Di Li (CfA)Doug Johnstone (HIA, Canada)
Naomi Ridge (CfA)Scott Schnee (CfA, PhD student)
Mario Tafalla (OAN, Spain)Tom Wilson (ESO, Germany)
COMPLETE
The COordinated Molecular Probe Line Extinction Thermal Emission Survey
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Dust Column Density
DustTemperature
Barnard’s Ophiuchus
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Ionized Gas in the Ophiuchus Smoke Shell
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H
SII
SH
ASSA
Data
court
esy
of
John G
aust
ad
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Smoke Signals from Ophiuchus
HeatedDustRing
Re-calibrated IRAS Dust Column Density Re-Calibrated IRAS Dust Temperature
ROSAT PSPC
Regionknownas
“-OphCluster”
In each panel where it is sho n, the white ring shows a 2 pc circle,corresponding to the size and shape of the heated ring apparent in the IRAS
Temperature Map.
ROSAT Pointed Observation
Real -OphCluster
insideheated ring
1RXS J162554.5-233037
The star-Ophand
RXJ1625.5-2326
from Goodman, Gaensler, Lada, Wolk & Schnee 2003/4 Chandra/XMM Proposals
??0.5 x 1051 erg SN
into 105 cm-3
2 pc in 200,000 yr T=38K
vexp=1.7 km s-1
??
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Questions we can address:
Which matters “most” inside what kind of molecular clouds: babys (YSOs), adults (O & B star winds), or ghosts (SNe)?
What is the “expected” combination of these in a given region? (Spitzer key for this)
How can we tell a wimpy SNR from a stellar wind? (X-rays (& You-Hua) key)
So far: Ophiuchus Shell Paper: Li, D., Goodman, A., Li, J., Ridge, N. & Schnee, S. 2004, ApJ, in
prep Perseus Shell Paper: Ridge, N., Goodman, A., Li, J. & Schnee, S. 2004, ApJ, in prepIRAS Re-analysis Method: Schnee, S., Goodman, A., Li, J. & Ridge, N. 2004, ApJ, in prep
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COMPLETE Warm Dust Emission
shows
Great Bubble in Perseus
??
2 x 1051 erg SNinto 104 cm-3
5 pc in 1 MyrT=30K
vexp=1.5 km s-1
??
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Dust Density & Temperature in Perseus
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Total Dust Column (0 to 15 mag AV) (Based on 60/100 microns)
Dust Temperature (25 to 45 K)(Based on 60/100 microns)
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Hot Source in a Warm Shell
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Column Density Temperatur
e
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IRAS Ndust
H-
em
issi
on,W
HA
M/S
HA
SSA
Surv
eys
(see F
inkb
ein
er
200
3)
H
2MASS/NICER Extinction
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Why “COMPLETE”?
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IRAS Column Density
IRASTemperature
NICER Extinction Map
Alves, Lombardi & Foster+ 2004
Schnee et al. 2004Ridge et al. 2004
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Why “COMPLETE”?
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IRAS Column Density
IRASTemperature
NICER Extinction Map
Alves, Lombardi & Foster+ 2004
Schnee et al. 2004Ridge et al. 2004
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Perseus
IRAS + FCRAO
(~100,000 13CO Spectra)
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Giving Carl’s ISM Students all they Need to do His Calculations
Direct Imaging (X-ray, uv, optical, near-infrared)
Continuum & Line Imaging (shows hot, excited shells)
Extinction mapping (true column density)
Thermal Emission from Dust (mid & far-infrared, sub-mm)
Reveals (and is biased by) dust temperature
Spectral-Line Mapping (radio)
Reveals gas motion (+temperature & composition)
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“But what about the Magnetic Field?”
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Polarization
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Goodman et al. 1990
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Polarization
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For the “Real” Molecular
Cloud People…
please Please Ask Me Later 140
120
100
80
60
40
20
01.00.50.0-0.5-1.0
Log (Equivalent AV [mag])
IRASlog normal fit to
IRAS column density
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
02MASS/NICER
log normal fit to 2MASS column density
(all panels)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
13CO
Implied Column Density Distributions and lognormal Fits(Perseus COMPLETE data)
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Embracing the Confusion is
The Key to Understanding
conspiracies of chemical depletion, optical depth, excitation,
Tdust, Tgas, “,” can be critically misleading
(especially for gullible theorists)
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Theory(Good Old Days)
Observation
(Now)
Shu, Adams & Lizano 1987