Download - 35.2
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35.2
DE
F EN
SE
S A
GA
I NS
T I
NF E
CT
I ON
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NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES
Skin
Tears
Lysozyme enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls
Other secretions (like mucous)
Inflammatory response
Interferons
Fever
*first line of defense
*second line of defense
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INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Infected areas become red and painful (inflamed)
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HISTAMINES
Chemical that increases flow of blood and fluids to the affected area (p. 1015)
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INTERFERONS
Proteins released by a host cell getting “attacked” by a virus that inhibits synthesis of viral proteins
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FEVER
Increase body temperature
Slows down or stops the growth of some pathogens
***remember…a lot of bacteria/ pathogens can’t withstand high heat!***
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SPECIFIC DEFENSES
Immune system’s specific defenses distinguish between “self” and “other,” and they inactivate or kill any foreign substance or cell that enters the body.
*respond to a particular pathogen!*
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IMMUNE RESPONSE
Body doesn’t recognize something
Goes into an IMMUNE RESPONSE
Specific recognition, response and memory to pathogens
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ANTIGENS VS. ANTIBODIES
Antigen any foreign substance that can stimulate an immune response
Antibodies tags antigens for destruction by immune cells
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LYMPHOCYTES
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes are the main working cells of the immune systems
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The specific immune response has two main styles of action…humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity
Humoral refers to the immune response that happens in body fluids (B cells)
Cell-mediated (T cells) defends the body against some viruses, fungi, and single-celled pathogens