Download - "4K/ UHD Advanced"
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Advanced 4K UHD
François ABBE, Cherif BEN ZID, Asma JENHANI mesclado
17 May 2015
Eurecom
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4K/UHD – The 12 essentials
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1. Resolution
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True Resolution
Rating a camera by counting horizontal photosites is wrong but common (eg; Red 5K v Panavision Genesis 5.7K or 2K)
• Sony F65 has 8192 photosites horizontally
• Next generation 65mm Panavision Camera The final image size is 48mm x 20.25mm. The number of photosites is 7680 (1920 x 4) by 3240 (1080 x 3), for a total of 24,883,200 photosites, with a photosite size of 6.25μ and output sample grid of 3840 x 2160.
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Compression formats (1) – DCT-based
Format Mode Max Sampling Max Resolution Max Frame Rate Max Birate
H.264 @5.2 Intra / Long GOP 4:2:0 10-bits 4K 60p 720 Mbps
XAVC XAVC Long GOP 4:2:2 10-bits UHD-1
60p 150 Mbps
XAVC Intra 4:2:2 10-bits 4K 960 Mbps XAVC S 4:2:0 8-bits (4K) UHD-1 150 Mbps
AVC-Ultra Intra 4:4:4 12-bits 4K 24p NM
4:2:2 10-bits 4K
UHD-1 60p NM
ProRes 4444
4:4:4:4 12-bits math. lossless
5K 60p 3535 Mbps
422 (HQ) 4:2:2 10-bits
visually lossless 2357 Mbps
MPEG-4 SStP 5 4:4:4 12-bits 4K
30p 1800 Mbps 6 60p 3600 Mbps
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Compression formats (2) – wavelet-based
Implementation Max Resolution Frame Rates Sampling Max Bitrate Colour Mode
IPX-JPUHD4K (IntoPix) 4K 24 to 60
4:4:4 12-bits 4:2:2 12-bits
1à 2 Gbps YUV, RGB, XYZ
JPEG 2000-4K (Evatronix)
8K (16K personnalisé)
24 4:4:4 12-bits 4:2:2 12-bits 4:2:0 12-bits
800 Mbps RGB, YCbCr
BA109/BA110 (BarcoSilex) 4K Unknown
4:4:4 12-bits 4:2:2 12-bits
Unknown YUV, RGB, XYZ
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JPEG-2000 hardware implementations
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RAW formats
Format Mode Lossy Compression Max Sampling Max
Resolution Max Frame Rate Max Birate
F65RAW F65RAW-Lite YES
16-bit Linear 8K 60p
150 Mbps F65RAW-SQ YES 250 Mbps
F65RAW-HFR YES 120p 1 to 2.4 Gbps
REDCODE RAW
REDCODE 28 YES 12-bits 16-bits
6K 100p in 6K 150p in 4K 300p in 2K
224 Mbps REDCODE 36 YES 288 Mbps REDCODE 42 YES 336 Mbps
ARRIRAW 2.8K NO
12-bits Log C
3.4K 120p in 16:9
90p in 4:3
1.34 Gbps in 16:9 24p
1.79 Gbps in 4:3 24p
Open Gate (3.4K) NO 75p 1 to 2.4 Gbps
Canon RAW 4K RAW NO
10-bits 4K 60p
> 2.7 Gbps 120p 4K HRAW NO
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4. Display (1)
Minimum viewer-screen distance – 8K UHD screen
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Source: NHK
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4. Display (2)
4K/UHD monitors: towards a UHD phase 1 incompatibility • UHD Ready logo pushed by manufacturers • The 3 prerequisites of UHD phase 1 not guaranteed:
– Connectors (HDMI 2.0) – Anti-piracy (HDCP 2.1) – 50p compatibility (50 images / second)
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5. Connectivity
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You need to: • Handle huge amounts of data in transfer • Have flexible interfaces • Get closer to real-time applications • Consider distance between equipment to link up
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5. Connectivity - “4K/UHD SDI” Interfaces (1)
Interface Workgroup Standard Description Features Resolution Sampling Mode Max Frame Rate
6G-SDI
SMPTE 32NF-40
SMPTE ST 425-3
Mapping Image Formats into Dual Link 3G interface
4096x2160 &
3840x2160
4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image formats 30p
SMPTE 32NF-70
ST 2081-10 2160-line and 1080-line Source
Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for 6G-SDI
3840x2160 4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image
formats 30p
4096x2160 4:2:2 10-bit image formats 30p
12G-SDI
SMPTE 32NF-40
SMPTE ST 425-5
Mapping 2160 line Image Formats into Quad Link 3G
interface
4096x2160 &
3840x2160
4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image formats
60p
4:2:2 & 4:4:4 10 & 12-bit image formats
30p
SMPTE 32NF-70
ST 2082-10 2160-line and 1080-line Source
Image and Ancillary Data Mapping for 12G-SDI
3840x2160
4:2:2 & 4:2:0 10-bit image formats
60p
4:4:4 12-bit image formats 30p
4096x2160 4:2:2 10-bit image formats 60p
4:4:4 12-bit & 4:4:4:4 10-bit image formats
30p
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5. Connectivity - “4K/UHD SDI” Interfaces (2)
Interface Workgroup Standard Description Features
Multi-Link 10G-SDI
SMPTE 32NF-40 DG
SMPTE ST 2063-4
UHDTV Multi-link 10Gb/s interfaces
3840x2160 pixels 4:2:2 & 4:4:4 10 & 12-bit
100, 119.88 & 120p 4 to 6 10G-links
25G-SDI SMPTE
32NF-40 DG
SMPTE ST 2062 part 2
25 Gb/s Serial Signal/Data Interface
(optical interface)
3840x2160 pixels 4:4:4 10 & 12-bits up to 60p
72G - ITU-R BT.2246-2 Super-Hi Vision 72 Gbps
Optical fiber interface 7680x4320 pixels
4:4:4 12-bit up to 60p
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5. Connectivity - HDMI Interfaces
Version Ratification Date Max Resolution Max Frame Rate Bitrate/channel Total Bitrate
1.4 May 28, 2009 4096x2160 30p 3.40 Gbps 10.2 Gbps
2.0 Sept. 4, 2013 4096x2160 60p 6 Gbps 18 Gbps
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5. Connectivity - DisplayPort Interfaces
Version Ratification Date Resolution Max Frame Rate Total Bitrate
1.2 2009 4K 60p
(8-bits) 17.2 Gbps
1.3 Work in progress 8K - 32.4 Gbps
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6. Frame Rate
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Source : Big Buck Bunny – www.bigbuckbunny.org
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6. Frame Rate
• Frame Rate = Dynamic Resolution • Interests rising in sports, action and animation
movie production • Interfaces not yet available for higher Frame
Rates
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7. Sampling
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Sample Size Production & Post-Production Distribution
8-bit Any XDCAM HD based work Everywhere
(except Blu-Ray & D-Cinema)
10-bit HD-SDI Any AVC-I based work
Blu-Ray & D-Cinema
12-bit Minimum requirement for
High-Dynamic Range (HDR) Standard No
16-bit Visual effects (VFX)
High-end No
See: http://www.display-central.com/free-news/display-daily/dolby-discusses-hdr-encoding/
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8. Colour Space
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8. Colour Space
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Existing: HD & UHD phase 1 (Rec.709)
HDR: UHD phase 2 (Rec.2020)
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Major constraints around 4K/UHD
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11. Audio
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11. Audio
Meanwhile…
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Barco Dolby
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#MediaEI @Mesclado
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François ABBE – Mesclado – www.mesclado.com
Many thanks to: Peter WILSON – HDDC – www.hddc.co.uk
And Cédric Lejeune – Workflowers – www.workflowers.net
mesclado Production Team: Asma Jenhani, Cherif Ben Zid, Sandrine Hamon,