Transcript
Page 1: 5-Plankton Diversity - biologylane.com · 2/23/14 1 Types&of&Plankton& • Phytoplankton& • Zooplankton& • Mixotrophic&Plankton& • Meroplankton& • Holoplankton& • Neuston&

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Types  of  Plankton  

•  Phytoplankton  •  Zooplankton  •  Mixotrophic  Plankton  •  Meroplankton  •  Holoplankton  •  Neuston  •  Pleuston  

Types  of  Plankton  

•  Phytoplankton  -­‐  Autotrophs  •  Zooplankton  -­‐  Heterotrophs  •  Mixotrophic  Plankton  –  Both  Auto  and  Hetero  •  Meroplankton  -­‐    Part  of  life  •  Holoplankton  –  all  of  life  •  Neuston  –  near  surface  •  Pleuston  –  above  surface  

Non-­‐living  plankton   Viruses  

•  Retroviruses  –  use  RNA    – HIV    – Some  leukemia  types  

Viruses  

•  Lysogenic  viruses  –  use  DNA  – Bacteriophages  – Very  important  to  marine  ecosystem  

•  hHps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEKS4w9bfJg  

Prokaryote  Plankton  (Bacteria)  

•  Cyanobacteria  

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Prokaryote  Plankton  (Bacteria)  

•  Cyanobacteria  •  Autotrophs  or    heterotrophs?  

Prokaryote  Plankton  (Bacteria)  

•  Cyanobacteria  •  Autotrophs  or    heterotrophs?  

•  Cell  walls  made  up  of  pepXdoglycan    with  muramic  acid  

Prokaryote  Plankton  (Bacteria)  

•  Cyanobacteria  •  Autotrophs  or    heterotrophs?  

•  Cell  walls  made  up  of  pepXdoglycan    with  muramic  acid  

•  Nitrogen  FixaXon  

Eukaryote  Plankton  (Unicellular)  •  Diatoms:  Phylum  Bacillariophyta  •  Dinoflagellates:  Phylum  Dinophyta  •  Foraminiferans:  Phylum  GranuloreXculosa  •  Radiolarians:  Phylum  PolycysXna  •  Ciliates:  Phylum  Ciliophora  

Diatoms:  Phylum  Bacillariophyta  

•  Autotrophs  or  heterotrophs?  •  Unique  Pigment:  carotenoid    •  Silica  (glass)  cell  walls  

Diatoms:  Phylum  Bacillariophyta  

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Dinoflagellates:  Phylum  Dinophyta  

•  Some  Autotrophs,  others  heterotrophs  •  Zooxanthellae:  the  photosyntheXc  part  of  coral  

Foraminiferans:  Phylum  GranuloreXculosa  

•  Autotrophs  or  heterotrophs?  •  Shell  (test)  :  Calcium  Carbonate  •  Pseudopods  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Lm9hUj2h_0  

Radiolarians:  Phylum  PolycysXna  

•  Autotrophs  or  heterotrophs?  •  Shells:  Silica  (glass)    

Ciliates:  Phylum  Ciliophora  

•  Autotrophs  or  heterotrophs?  •  Shells  (lorica):  sand  •  Cilia:  small  hair  like    projecXons  used  for    movement  and    capturing  food  

•  More  than  one  nuclei  

Eukaryote  Plankton  (MulXcellular)  •  Crustaceans:  Phylum  Arthropoda,  Subphylum  Crustacea  

•  GelaXnous  organisms  – Cnidarians:  Phylum  Cnidaria,  Class  Scyphozoa,  Class  Hydrozoa,  Class  Cubozoa  

– Comb  Jellies:  Phylum  Ctenophora  – Salps:  Phylum  Chordata,  Subphylum  Urochordata  

Phylum  Arthropoda  

•  Most  marine  species  are  Crustaceans  •  Unique  traXs:    

– Exoskeleton  of  chiXn  (NOT  CHITON)  – Tagma  – Molt  to  grow  

•  Bilateral  symmetry  •  Segmented  

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Copepods  

•  Really  long  first  antennae  

Copepods  

•  Most  abundant  plankton  >70%  

•  Autotrophs  or    heterotrophs?  

Krill  

•  Autotrophs  or  heterotrophs?  •  Shrimp-­‐like,  planktonic  

Krill  •  Swim  in  schools  •  Found  in  polar  waters  

Cnidarians!  Phylum  Cnidaria  

•  Radial  symmetry  •  Varying  lifestyles  (some  benthic,  some  planktonic)  

•  Asexual  and  Sexual  reproducXon  •  Some  filter  feed,  most  predatory  

•  Unique  traits:  – Cnidocytes  with  nematocysts  

Cnidocytes  •  hHp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zJiBc_N1Zk  

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Class    Hydrozoa  

•  Siphonophores  

Class  Scyphozoa  (true  jellies)  

Class  Cubozoa  

•  Most  dangerous  jellies  

Phylum  Chordata  (without  backbones  =  protochordates)  

•  Bilateral  symmetry  •  Endoskeleton  •  All  chordates  have:  

– 1.  Hollow  nerve  cord  – 2.  Pharyngeal  gill  slits  – 3.  Notochord  – 4.  Post-­‐anal  tail  

Subphylum  Urochordata  

•  Tunicates,  sea  squirts,  ascidians    

Prokaryote  Benthos  (Bacteria)  

•  Cyanobacteria  •  Create  stromatolites    (large  organic  blocks    that  have  been  around  for  millions  of  years)  


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