Download - 52260032 Landmine Detection
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
1/30
PRESENTED BY:-REENA SWAMIIV YEAR EC
GUIDED BY:-MS. ANSHU TOSHNIWAL
www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com
...To help optimize how your Web pages are displayed, we are checking to see if a 2007 Microsoft Office program is installed.
If this page does not automatically redirect, you have scripts disabled. See more information on scripts.Follow this link if the page is not redirected.
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
2/30
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
3/30
15,000-20,000 landmine victims per year By comparison, average of 700 annual deaths
and 2,200 injuries due to terrorism over pastdecade
70% of victims are civilians One-third die Others lose limbs and/or vision
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
4/30
Solving the Problem:Good News and Bad News
Good news: 100,000 mines cleared each yearBad news: Clearing the 50 million existing mines will take 500
years and $14-50 billion Despite global ban, 1 million new mines are laid
annually Thus, problem is getting worse: 10 times more mines
are laid than cleared each yearPotential good news: Innovative mine detectiontechnologies could significantly acceleratedemining and decrease costs
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
5/30
ANTI-PERSONNEL DESIGNED TO KILL ORMAIM DISMOUNTED TROOPS
ANTI-TANK - DESIGNED TO DESTROY OR
DISABLE TRACK OR WHEELED VEHICLES CHEMICAL - DESIGNED TO DISPENSE
SMOKE, CS OR MOREDANGEROUSBIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
6/30
. . . But Mine Detection TechnologyHas Not Improved
Mine Detection Tool Kit Metal detector Pointed stick
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
7/30
Metal DetectorsDo Not Find All Mines
Percentageof mines
found
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
8/30
1.Electromagnetic methods
2.Acoustic/seismic methods3.Chemical vapor detection methods4.Bulk explosives detection methods
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
9/30
Electromagnetic Methods
Technology Principle
Ground-penetratingradar (GPR)
Reflects radio waves off mine
Electrical impedancetomography
Determines electricalconductivity distribution
X-ray backscatter Images mine with x-rays
Infrared Assesses temperature, lightreflectance
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
10/30
The impulse GPR system
Impulsegenerator
tx
processorVisualdisplay
A/Dconvertor
Pulseextender
rx
landmine
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
11/30
Low-metalmines
Metal mine
Mine Response to Ground-PenetratingRadar
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
12/30
X-RAY BACKSCATTER
When X-rays pass through matter they will beattenuated, i.e. absorbed or scattered. Theprobability of scattering in the back direction.This probability depends inversely on theabsorption power of the material to the incidentand to the backscattered x rays. Organicmaterials typically absorb only a small fractionof the x rays, so that the scatter probability ishigh. Metals typically are strongly absorbing,and the scatter probability is low. Thus, organicmaterials are bright and metallic objects aredark in the image
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
13/30
capabilities and advantages :1. The information depth is sufficient to detect all regularlyplaced mines.2. XBT is able to detect metal-free landmines.
3 . landmines buried in a variety of soil conditions includingvarious types of vegetation will be detected with XBT.
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
14/30
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
15/30
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
16/30
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
17/30
Technology Principle
Acoustic Reflects sound waves offmines
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
18/30
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
19/30
1.Acoustic-to-seismic wave-coupling approach todetect buried land mines. Acoustic sound waves
penetrate the soil surface to generate seismicwaves within the soil.
1.These seismic waves cause the mine to vibrateand resonate, producing a displacement velocityfield at the ground surface above the mine. Thisdisplacement can be measured by a laservibrometer or UHF radar
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
20/30
Mine
Blank
120 170 220 270
Frequency (Hz)
Amplitude(m/s 10-5)
5
4
3
2
1
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
21/30
Well-Trained DogsAre Most SensitiveVapor Sensors
If honeybees can be trained to seek thechemical components of explosives, theability to track bees and analyze theirhives could help pinpoint landmines orunexploded ammunition on firing rangesor old battlefields
Biological detector
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
22/30
Bulk Explosives Detection Methods
Technology PrincipleNuclear quadrupoleresonance (NQR)
Radio frequency pulse causesnuclei in explosives moleculesto resonate
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
23/30
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR), aderivative of NMR, is a bulk inspectiontechnology which can be used to detect certainchemical elements which have a magneticdipole moment. Amongst these is nitrogen-14(14N) which is a major constituent of explosivesused in landmines, such as RDX and TNT. NQRhas been described as "an electromagneticresonance screening technique with thespecificity of chemical spectroscopy" as it notonly detects but can be used to identify the
exact chemical compound used.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR)
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
24/30
Detection process
Before stimulation
RF field is applied After excitation is removed
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
25/30
NQR Prototype
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
26/30
Theres No Silver Bullet:All Detectors Have False Alarms
Technology Primary False-Alarm Sources
GPR Roots and rocks Water pockets
Acoustic Hollow objects (soda cans)
Chemical vapordetectors
Explosives residues Natural vapors
Nuclear quadrupoleresonance
AM radio stations and othersources of radio waves
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
27/30
RAND Study Conclusion:
Multi-Sensor System Is Needed Each innovative technology has false alarms and
false negatives C
ombining sensors would decrease false alarmsand false negatives Combined sensor system could employ recent
advances in signal processing capability
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
28/30
OtherApplications
Airport SecurityThe same technology used in nuclear LMD can alsobe used to scan luggage in airportsThis technology will allow faster and far
more accurate scanning of luggage
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
29/30
References1.www.pdfoo.com2.www.college-seminars.com3.www.springerlink.com
-
7/29/2019 52260032 Landmine Detection
30/30