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  • 1mitropoliti anania jafariZe

    skanda da sarapana

    (saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis

    sazRvrebis ZiebisaTvis)

    Tbilisi 2012

  • 2sarapanas adgilmdebareobis garkvevas upirvelesi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos

    eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis gamorkvevisaTvis.

    saqaTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcia sabWoTa epoqis samecniero wreebSi sadavo

    gaxda, kerZod, miiCnies TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelo (quTaisi, foTi da sxva

    qalaqebi) 500-600 wlis manZilze Sedioda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos

    iurisdiqciaSi, aseve Sida qarTlis mTianeTis Truso-yazbegis regionic TiTqosda

    Sedioda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi, xolo aRmosavleT

    saqarTveloSi bodbe, gurjaani, daviT-garejas monastrebi (naTlismcemeli da

    sxva) TiTqosda Sedioda albaneTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi, samxreTiT ki

    mTiani aWara, samcxe, javaxeTi, manglisi da qvemo qarTli TiTqosda Sedioda

    somxeTis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi. es mosazreba gansakuTrebiT aitaces

    separatistulma jgufebma afxazeTsa, samxreT oseTsa da sxvagan da amJamad

    gaCaRebulia sainterneto omi saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazianod.

    aRniSnuli mosazreba asaxulia iseT solidur gamocemaSi rogoric aris

    pravaslavnaia enciklopedias tomeulebi da sxva akademiur wignebSi. yovelive

    ki mizanmimarTulia imisaken, raTa eklesiuradac dakanondes saqarTvelos

    danawileba.

    am faqtma garkveuli SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia saekelsio wreebSi, amitomac ganaCina

    2011 wlis 20 dekembris wmida sinodis sxdomam - `sabWoTa periodSi xdeboda

    saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis gayalbeba. Secdomebis gamosasworeblad

    Seiqmnas istorikosTa jgufi manglisisa da walkis mitropolit ananias (jafariZe)

    xelmZRvanelobiT~, ufro adre ki misma uwmidesobam 2009 wlis 10 ivlisis #76

    brZanebiT daafuZna saqarTvelos realuri istoriis damdgeni sapatriarqos

    mudmivmoqmedi komisia, aseve mitropolit anania jafariZis xelmZRvanelobiT.

    saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis aRniSnuli sazRvrebis sakvlevad

    mitropolitma ananiam gamoaqveyna ramdenime naSromi.

    radganac skandasa da sarapanas adgilmdebareobis dadgenas mniSvneloba aqvs

    saqarTvelos eklesiis realuri iurisdiqciis sazRvris kvlevisaTvis dasavleT

    saqarTveloSi, amitomac aRniSnuli wignebidan mogvaqvs amonaridebi skandasa da

    sarapanas Sesaxeb da isini mkiTxvels ewodeba erTiani wignakis saxiT.

    mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 2012

  • 3(dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio iurisdiqciisaTvis)

    amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis wignidan - `saepisko-

    posoebi lazikaSi~, 2011

    sarapana da skanda

    sad mdebareobda straboniseuli sarapana (Sorapani)

    sarapanas adgilmdebareobis garkvevas upirvelesi mniSvneloba

    saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis gamorkvevi-

    saTvis.

    XX s. 20-30-iani wlebis Semdeg qarTul istoriografiaSi

    Camoyalibda Tvalsazrisi, rom strabonisa da berZnuli wyaroe-

    bis `sarapana~-aris punqti Sorapani, amJamindel q. zestafon-

    Tan axlos ZirulasTan, miCneva rom aqve gadioda iberiis

    sazRvari. Sesabamisad, qarTuli (mcxeTis) eklesiis iurisdiq-

    cia (uZvelesi xanidan vidre IX-X ss-mde) TiTqosda mxolod

    aqamde aRwevda.

    aseT Tvalsazriss ewinaaRmdegeba qarTuli wyaroebis, aseve

    saeklesio krebebis (mag. ruis-urbnisis krebis) Tvalsazrisi,

    rom daarsebisas, wmida ninos epoqidanve qarTuli eklesiis

    iurisdiqciis sazRvari aRwevda ara Tu Sorapnamde, aramed

    Sav zRvamde da md. egriswylamde, sadac amave qarTuli wyaroebis

    cnobiT mefe mirianis dros aRwevda qarTlis (iberiis) same-

    fos Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari.

  • 4berZnul-romauli wyaroebis cnobiT lazikisa da iberiis

    sazRvari gadioda cixe-simagreebze skandasa da sarapanaze.

    strabonis sarapana, rogorc kvlevam aCvena, sinamdvileSi

    mdebareobda Woroxis xeobaSi, xolo skanda iyo arsianis qedis

    uReltexil kandridTan mdebare cixesimagre (misgan arc Tu

    daSorebiT mdebareobs mTa `kandili~).

    prokofi kesarielis sarapana da skanda ganlagebuli iyvnen

    iseT maRalmTian adgilebSi, sadac arc venaxi xarobda da

    arc sxva raime mosavali modioda.

    SevadaroT _ rogorc iTqva, Tanamedrove Sorapani aris zRvis

    donidan 170 m simaRleze, misi cixis garSemo vrcel regionSi

    ayvavebuli baRebi da venaxis plantaciebia, yvela aqaur mosax-

    les aqvs ezoSi vazi da xexili, aq modis yvelanairi mosavali.

    sabWoTa epoqaSi, enciklopediis mixedviT, SorapanSi iyo meve-

    naxeobis kolmeurneoba, xolo, rac Seexeba skandas, is miCneul

    iqna Terjolis sofel skanded. skande, sofeli Terjolis

    raionSi zRvis donidan imave 170 metr simaRlezea. esaa vake

    adgili. aqac yovelgvari mosavali modis.

    prokofi kesarielis cnobiT, `sarapanisi da misi mezobeli

    skandis cixe-simagre lazebma didi gaWirvebiT aaSenes~ (omi

    goTebTan, VIII, 13). maSasadame, sarapanisi da skanda erTmaneT-

    Tan axlos mdebareoben, urTierTmezoblebi iyvnen, magram,

    rogorc viciT, Terjolis raionSi mdebare skande da ze-

    stafonis Sorapani _ erTmaneTisagan sakmao manZiliT arian

    daSorebulni. amasTanave, isini erT gzaze ar mdebareoben.

    aRsaniSnavia, rom Terjolis sofel skandes araferi akavSirebs

    aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gadasasvlelebTan.

  • 5imereTis skande da Sorapani ` saqarTvelos geografiuli

    atlasis~ (1992) mixedviT ` subtropikebis zonaSi~

    mdebareoben

    imereTis Sorapani mdebareobs q. zestafonTan, xolo skande

    Tavisi cixiT, Terjolis raionSia. ` saqarTvelos geografiu-

    li atlasis (1992)~ orografiuli rukis mixedviT (gv. 7), Ter-

    jolisa da zestafonis raionebi mdebareoben `mTaTaSoris

    vake-dablobze~ zRvis donidan 200 metramde simaRleze.

    amave, saqarTvelos geografiuli atlasis `soflis meur-

    neobis~ rukis mixedviT (gv. 21) imereTis skande da Sorapani

    mdebareoben ` specializebul zonaSi~, romelSic ganviTare-

    bulia - ` mevenaxeoba _ mexileoba, mesimindeoba, nawilobriv

    meCaieoba~ (gv. 21).

    gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani Cveni TemisaTvis, vfiqrob, aris

    am atlasis ruka _ ` bunebrivi zonebi~ (saqarTvelos geografi-

    uli atlasi, 1992, gv.16).

    am rukis mixedviT imereTis skande da Sorapani mdebareobs

    `notio subtropikebis~ zonaSi, romelic asea daxasiaTebuli

    _ ` gorak-borcviani mTiswinebi, farTofoTlovani tyeebiT~, (gv.

    16).

    ase, rom imereTis skande da Sorapani zRvis donidan daax-

    loebiT 200 metr simaRleze mdebareoben, notio subtropikul

    zonaSi, mevenaxeobis, mexileobis, mesimindeobis regionSi. es

    suraTi ki saerTod ar Seesabameba prokofi kesarielis mier

    aRweril cnobas, romlis skanda da sarapana mdebareoben

    mTa_kldovan regionSi, Zalze maRal simaRleze zRvis donidan,

    imdenad maRla, rom iq ar modioda araviTari marcvleuli,

    Sesabamisad iq arc mevenaxeoba da mexileoba iyo ganviTare-

    buli.

  • 6daskvna _ sxvaa imereTis skande da Sorapani da sul sxvaa

    prokofi kesarielis skanda da sarapana. isini sxvadasxva

    regionebSi mdebareobdnen. pirvelni notio subtropikebis

    mTiswinebSi, meoreni ki maRalmTis alpur an subalpur zonebSi

    straboni wers _ `armeniaSi erTis mxriv bevri mTaa, meores

    mxriv _ zegnebi, romlebzedac vazic ki ar xarobs advilad~

    (straboni XIV, 4).

    maSasadame vazi, ar xarobs maRalmTianeTis zegnebSi, amitom

    prokofis aRwera, rom sarapansa da skandeSi vazi ar xarobs,

    imas miuTiTebs, rom isini maRalmTianeTis regions da ara

    subtropikul zonas miekuTvnebodnen samxreT-dasavleT

    saqarTveloSi.

    venaxis plantaciebi SorapanTan

    prokofis aRweriT, rogorc iTqva, sarapanaSi ar xarobda

    venaxi, maSasadame es punqti maRal mTianeTSi mdebareobda.

    zestafonis Sorapani, SeiZleba iTqvas, meRvineobisa da Rvi-

    nis kulturis erTerTi centria. me bedniereba mqonda TiTqmis

    mTeli bavSvoba iqve axlos s. kldeeTSi gametarebina da vici

    Tu rogor asxamdnen `sapalneebiT~ Rvinos qvevrebSi aqauri

    meRvineebi da smisa da Rvinis moxmarebis ra didi kultura

    hqondaT da aqvT.

    ara mxolod zRvis donidan 170 metr simaRleze mdebare

    Sorapani, romelic venaxebSia Cafluli, aramed sagangebod

    davaTvaliere suramis uReltexilis soflebi yvelaze maRla

    mdebarenic ki, SroSidan vertyviWalamde da ufro maRla, yvelgan

    SesaniSnavad xarobs venaxi, amis TvaliT naxva advili Sesa-

    Zlebelia, miT umetes TiTqmis vakeze, odnav SemaRlebulze

    mdebare SorapanSi, aq Tu daTesav xorbalic mova da sxva

  • 7nebismieri kultura. prokofi aseT sarapanas ar aRwers. misi

    sarapana mkacri kldovani masivebis qveyanaa, aseTi ki klarje-

    Tia, rogorc iTqva, qarTveli sasuliero mamebis aRweriT

    nakleb mosavliani, magram wyaluxvi da havamargebeli. sarapa-

    na unda yofiliyo sadRac artaan-arTvinis gzaze.

    lixis qedze, Sorapan-xaSuris gzaze, yvela sofelSi xarobs

    venaxi.

    venaxi xarobs sof. saqasriaSi lixis qedis maRal sofelSi,

    aseve, mimdebare gzispira soflebSi _ vertyviWalaSi, gedsa-

    maniaSi, ufro maRla, xuneTSi, xevSi da maRla.

    ase, rom Sorapnis irgvliv maRali mTebis soflebSic ki

    venaxi xarobs, maSasadame, Sorapanis realoba ar Seesabameba

    prokofis mier aRweril sarapanas.

    sarapana da Sorapani g. grigolias mixedviT

    Cvens mecnierebaSi damkvi-drebulia Tvalisazrisi, rom stra-

    bonisa da prokofi kesarielis mier naxsenebi punqti `sarapa-

    na~ aris dRevandeli Sorapani zestafonTan, rac g. grigolias

    kvlevis Tanaxmad saeWvoa. saqme isaa, rom, rogorc aRmoCnda

    `sarapana~ erqva mniSvnelovan gzaze arsebul mgzavrTa mo-

    sasvenebel punqts, TavSesafars, romelic saWiroebis mixed-

    viT SesaZloa cixe-simagrec yofiliyo an ubralo nageboba,

    zogjer ki sofelic. Tu es asea, maSin saqarTvelos gzebze

    ara erTi, aramed ramdenime ` sarapana~ unda yofiliyo. erTer-

    Ti, magaliTad, XV saukunis monacemebis mixedviT iyo guriaSi

    da mas saxelad erqva `Sorapani~. g. grigolias dakvirvebiT

    `pan~ fuZis mqone aseTi saxelebi ramdenime yofila. is wers -

    Sorapani (sarapana) aris sparsuli warmomavlobis sityva, rac

    niSnavs damcvels (pana) `pana~, da miRebulia Ziridan pa - `pa~

  • 8- dacva, romelsac emateba sufiqsi ana - ` ana~. amgvarad nawar-

    moebi sparsuli sityvebia: asapana (cxenis damcveli), kaurapana

    (saqonlis damcveli), karapara (xalxis, jaris damcveli) da

    sxva. is uTiTebs Teo CxeiZis wigns `narkvevebi iranuli ono-

    mastikidan~ (1984). v. goilaZis mosazrebiTac Sorapani - spar-

    suli saxelia - `Sahraban~, rac niSnavs qveynis damcvels.

    maSasadame, sarapan-Sahraban - qveynis damcveli, anu adgilis,

    Cvens SemTxvevaSi, gzis damcveli cixe-simagrea. rogorc aRin-

    iSna, g. grigolias kvleviT ` pan~ Ziriani toponimebi saqarTvelo-

    Si ZiriTadad `mTavari sagzao magistralebis gaswvriv arian

    ganlagebulni, rac am adgilebSi odesRac mgzavrTa mosasvene-

    beli TavSesafrebis arsebobaze migvaniSnebs (g. grigolia, egris-

    lazikis samefo, gv. 102). aseTi adgilebia japani (lanCxuTis

    raionSi), ispani - (qobuleTTan), pantura - (cixisZirTan), pan-

    tura - (sarfTan), pantura - (xofasTan) da panuri rizesTan

    (iqve, gv. 102).

    maSasadame, ar aris savaldebulo, rom strabonis mier nax-

    senebi sarapana is punqti iyos, romelsac miuTiTebs prokofi

    kesarieli, radganac ` sarapanebi~ mravali yofila (TviT Sua

    saukuneebis saqarTveloSic ramdenime ` Sorapani~ iyo). prokofis

    sarapana fasisis marjvena sanapiros qveyanaSi mdebareobda

    iberiis sazRvarTan. sparsel-romaelTa omebis dros mniSvnelo-

    vani cixe-simagre, radganac am periodSi, g. grigolias azriT

    fazisi erqva md. Woroxs, sarapanac mis marjvniv - iberiis

    sazRvarTan unda veZioT artaan-arTvinis gzaze radganac

    prokofis mier naxsenebi iberia - artaan-kolas qveyanasac

    moicavda.

  • 9sarapanebi

    darios I-is dros mowesrigda gzebi, sadac ` mefis Sikrikeb-

    isaTvis yovel 30 km-Si specialuri safosto sadgurebi daid-

    ga~ (darCiaSvili)

    am `safosto sadgurebs~ _ CvenSi moixsenebdnen sparsuli

    sityviT- `sarapana~-Sorapani.

    sparseTis imperiis gzebze sarapanebi (Sorapanebi) unda md-

    gariyvnen yovel 30 km-Si. aRsaniSnavia, rom sigrZis sazomi er-

    Teuli `erTi dRis gza~ udrida 20-30 kilometrs, maSasadame

    yoveli erTi dRis gzis gavlis Semdeg mgzavrs daxvdeboda

    sastumros msgavsi TavSesafari anu `sarapana~.

    amJamindeli suram-baTumis gzaze istoriulad unda yofil-

    iyo ramdenime ` sarapana~ _ Sorapani, aseve artaan-baTumis gza-

    ze unda yofiliyo ramdenime sarapana _ Sorapani. am mizezis

    gamo saqarTveloSi iyo ramdenime `Sorapani~:

    1) zestafonTan;

    2) XVI s-Si guriaSi ozurgeTTan. es kargad Cans `saqarTve-

    los istoriis atlasis~ (2003 w.), gv. 45-is mixedviT (`saqarTve-

    lo XVI s. meore naxevarSi~). punqti Sorapani atlasis 45-e

    gverdze dabeWdil rukaze moTavsebulia ozurgeTsa da aWs

    Soris.

    3) Sorapani iyo aspinZasTan - `aspinZis xevis saTavezed, mTis

    ZirSi, ars Sorapanis monasteri srulad sofiis kenWiT aw cal-

    ieri~ (vaxuStis geografia, 1842, broses gamocemuli, gv. 385).

    4) amave fuZis matarebelni unda iyvnen sityvebi - `sarfi~ /

    punqti baTumTan/ da `arfali~/punqti arTvin artaanis gzaze/

    `arfali~ _ sofeli Tanamedrove SavSeTSi artanujis Crdi-

    lo-aRmosavleTiT 20-25 km manZilze, arsianis qedTan axlos q.

    SavSeTisa da q. artaanis SemaerTebel gzasTan 3-4 km. manZilze.

    Sorapani (zestafonTan) da strabonis sarapana ori sxva-

  • 10

    dasxva punqti unda yofiliyo, ara Tu isini, sxvadasxva punqtebi

    unda yofiliyvnen strabonis sarapana da prokofis sarapana:

    1) strabonis mixedviT, fasisi sanaosno iyo sarapanamde,

    maSasadame strabonis sarapana mdinaris pirzea, misgan gansx-

    vavebiTprokofis sarapana ara mdinaris napiras aramed maRal

    mTaSi mdebareobda.pirveli iberias oTxi dRis savali gziT

    iyo daSorebuli, meore ki iberiis sazRvarTan idga.

    2) plinius ufrosis mixedviT `md. fasisi sanaosnoa 38 500

    nabijis manZilze~ (ix. Cemi ` ena~, gv. 25). esaa daaxloebiT 30 m;

    maSasadame strabonis sarapana zRvas 30 kilometriT iyo da-

    Sorebuli. Tu sarapana Sorapania zestafonTan, maSin Sora-

    pani zRvas daSorebuli unda yofiliyo 30 km-iT.

    straboni wers: -`kolxeTis gamagreba _ sarapanebi~; is mrav-

    lobiT ricxvSi axsenebs ` sarapanebs~. marTlac, g. grigolias

    kvleviT `sarapana~ iyo mgzavrebisaTvis gankuTvnili TavSesa-

    fari punqti, romelnic mravlad iyvnen did gzebze.

    sarapanebi strabonTan erT SemTxvevaSi aris cixe-simagre,

    romelsac SeuZlia mTeli qalaqis mosaxleobis dateva (XI, II,

    17), xolo meore SemTxvevaSi, aris xeoba-gamagreba iberiaSi

    gadasasvleli.

    e.i. strabonTan erT SemTxvevaSi sarapana cixe-simagrea,

    meored _ ` sarapanebi~ ki gamagrebaa iberiis uReltexilTan,

    am meore sarapanas axsenebs prokofi.

    strabonisa da prokofi kesarielis `sarapana~ (Sorapani)

    aRniSnulis gamo, ar unda daukavSirdes erTmniSvnelovnad

    zestafonis axlos mdebare punqts Sorapans.

    garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia pliniusis cnoba, rom

    afsarosTan axlos _ `aqve mTebs iqiT aris iberia~. amitomac

    lazikidan iberiaSi gadasasvleli, romelic gadioda cixe-

    simagre sarapan-Sorapanze, SesaZloa iyos afsarosTan axlos

  • 11

    mdebare klarjeT artaans Soris mdebare arsianis qedi (olqi

    iberiaSi Semavali) da ara afsarosidan Zalze daSorebuli

    zestafonis Sorapani.

    straboni (XI, II, 17) sarapanas Sesaxeb

    `rac Seexeba danarCen kolxidas, misi didi nawili zRvazea

    ganlagebuli. kolxidaze gadis fazisi - didi mdinare, rom-

    lis saTave armeniaSia is iRebs mdinareebis glavkisa da

    hippis wylebs romelTa saTaveebic mezobel mTebSia. fasisi

    gemTmavalia sarapanamde - simagremde, romelsac SeuZlia

    mTeli qalaqis mosaxleobac ki daitios. aqedan gamavali gziT

    midian kiramde (mtkvramde) 4 dReSi.

    md. fazisze aris imave saxelis qalaqi - kolxebis savaWro

    centri, erTi mxridan SemozRuduli mdinariT, meoridan -

    tbiT, mesamidan ki - zRviT. aqedan amisamde da sinopamde cur-

    vas 2-3 dRe sWirdeba imis gamo, rom zRvispirze miwa rbilia da

    mdinareebis SesarTavebSi Waobiania.

    qveyana SesaniSnavia ara mxolod nayofiT (Taflis garda

    (romelic ZiriTadad mwarea).savsea yovelive imiT, rac gemTm-

    SeneblobisaTvis aris saWiro). is amzadebs bevr xe-tyes da

    acurebs mdinareebze.

    mcxovreblebi amzadeben bevr selis tilos... adgilobrivi

    selis qsovilebi farTodoac kia cnobili, marTlac maT qso-

    vilebi gaaqvT ucxo qveynebSic... mosxebis qveyanaSi aRniSnuli

    mdinareebis maRla aris friqses mier dafuZnebuli levdoT-

    eas samlocvelo da frikses orakuli, sadac ar iwireba cx-

    vari.~ (straboni, XI, II, 17)

    Cveni kvleviT strabonis fazisi Woroxia, romlis saTave

  • 12

    imJamad armeniis mier iyo xeldebuli, sarapana imJamad Sesa-

    Zloa arTvins erqva. aqedan artanuj-artaanis gziT iberiamde

    anu kola-artaanis regionamde (e.i. mtkvaramde) misvla fexiT

    oTx dReSi amJamadacaa SesaZlebeli. kola-artaan-SavSeTi amave

    dros mesxeTis mTiani regionia, romlis qvemoTac Woroxi miedine-

    ba Tavisi SenakadebiT. maSasadame am mdinareebis maRla mesxe-

    Tia. aqedac Cans, rom strabonis cnobebi Woroxis regions

    Seesabameba.

    sarapanasTan fazisi swrafi da xmauraa, xolo SorapanTan

    mdinareebi mdore da uxmauroa

    strabonis cnobiT, sarapanasTan fazisi aris swrafi da

    xmaura (straboni, XI, III, 4). is wers iberiaSi aris oTxi

    Sesasvleli - ` erTi aris kolxur cixe-simagre Sorapanze da

    masTan arsebul viwroebze, romlebzedac fazisi momdinare-

    obs, swrafi da xmaura miemarTeba kolxidaSi, romelzedac

    120 xidiT gadaisvleba~ (T. yauxCiSvili, strabonis geografia,

    1957, gv. 128).

    straboni garkveviT miuTiTebs, rom sarapanasTan fazisi

    aris ` swrafi da xmaura~, rom iqve e.i. SorapanTan axlo-maxlo

    masze 120 xidia gadebuli, radganac ` es adgilebi sul daxrulia

    mravali nakadulebiT~ (iqve, gv. 128).

    aris Tu ara realurad Tanamedrove Sorapanadan mdinare

    rioni `swrafi da xmaura~, anda aris Tu ara es adgilebi

    `daxruli mravali nakadulebiT~, ara, msgavsi araferia ze-

    stafonis SorapanTan. masTan gaedineba ara rioni, anda yvir-

    ila aramed Zirula. amJamad miiCneva, rom Zirula iyo saTave

    md. fazisisa, vTqvaT, es marTlac asea da straboni Sorapnis

    Zirulas miiCnevda mdinare fazisad, aris Tu ara is `swrafi

  • 13

    da xmaura~? ara, SorapanTan mdinare Zirula arc Cqaria da

    arc xmaura, ara Tu Cqari, SorapanTan Zirula aris mdore,

    sarkuli zedapiris mqone, sruliad uxmauro, radganac Sora-

    panTan is vake adgilze mimdinareobs. amasTanave, gansakuTre-

    biT unda aRiniSnos, rom SorapanTan Zirula aris wyalmcire,

    imdenad Txeli mdinarea, rom masze navi ver imoZravebs. kargi

    gagebiT is nakadulia. Sorapnis qvemoT zestafonis Tavze

    Zirula yvirlas uerTdeba aseve vake adgilas. iqneb yvirilaa

    swrafi da xmaura iq? ara, yvirilac uxmauro, mdore, vakis

    wyalia am mdgilas da saerTod zestafonidan rionamde mdored

    da uxmaurod miedineba. pliniusis cnobiT fazisis

    SesarTavidan sarapanamde 37500 nabijia anu 30-40 km iyo. re-

    alurad ki Tanamedrove Sorapnidan foTamde 137 kilome-

    tria. saerTod rionis yvela Senakadi quTaisidanac foTamde

    mdorea!

    strabonis sarapanidan oTxi dRis gzaa fexiT iberiamde

    sxvaa strabonis mier aRwerili sarapana da sxvaa prokofi

    kesarielis mier aRwerili.

    pirvelis (strabonis) mixedviT md. fasisis SesarTavidan vidre

    sarapanamde (fasisze mdebare qalaqamde) aRma curva SesaZle-

    bela (T. yauxCiSvili, strabonis geografia, gv. 123). sarapan-

    adan iberiamde oTxi dRis gzaa fexiT. maSasadame strabonis

    sarapana daSorebulia iberias da mdinareze mdebareobs.

    prokofi kesarielis sarapana iberiis sazRvarzea, maRal

    mTaSia, sadac mosavali ar modis, sasapalne saqonliTac ver

    axval, aramed fexiT.

    ratomaa Zvel avtorTa Soris aseTi gansxvaveba sarapanas

    mdebareobasTan dakavSirebiT? rogorc iTqva, amis mizezs gvix-

    snis g. grigolia. man gamoikvlia, rom sityva `sarapana~ spar-

  • 14

    suli warmoSobisaa da niSnavs gzaze mdebare sagangebo adg-

    ils mgzavrebis mosasveneblad, is garemo pirobebis Sesabamis-

    ad, erT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos gzaze mdebare cixe-simagre,

    qalaqi anda punqti.

    maSasadame saerTaSoriso gzaze mravali sarapana SeiZleba

    yofiliyo. strabonis dros is mdinarispira qalaqs erqva,

    prokofis dros ki iberia-lazikis gzaze mdebare cixes.

    Cveni kvleviT md. fazisi istoriul xanaSi erqva mdinare

    Woroxs.

    Woroxi sanaosno mdinare iyo uZvelesi xanidan XX saukunis

    20-ian wlebamde. g. yazbegi, d. baqraZe, e. veidenbaumi da sxvani

    dabejiTebiT miuTiTeben mdinare Woroxze savaWro-sasaqonlo

    naosnobis Sesaxeb. am mdinariT yarsidan da javaxeTidan xor-

    bali CahqondaT SavizRvispira portebSi, da piriqiT baTu-

    midan arTvinisaken navebiT mohqondaT navTi, marili da far-

    Tleuli qsovilebi. am mdinariT arTvinidan baTumamde aseve

    CahqondaT xe-tyis daxerxili masala, kramiti, selis nawarmi

    da sxva. Woroxze arsebobda navmisadgomebi, navTsamSeneblo

    sawarmoebi, mosaxleobis ZiriTadi xeloba naosnoba iyo, ami-

    tomac vfiqrob rom straboniseuli sarapana aris arTvini,

    xolo prokofiseuli sarapana mdebareobda arTviTn-artaa-

    nis SemaerTebel saerTaSoriso gzaze arsianis uReltexilze.

    unda vifiqroT da masStabebic amas aCvenebs, rom fexiT arTvin-

    idan (strabonis sarapanidan) vidre iberiamde anu arsianis

    qedis gavliT mtkvramde oTxi dRis savali gza iyo.

    sigrZis erTeuli saxelwodebiT-`erTi dRis gza fexiT~ iyo

    daaxloebiT 17-20 km. Sesabamisad 4 dRis gza daaxloebiT 80

    kilometria. marTlac daaxloebiT amdenivea manZili arTvin-

    idan artanujamde, romlis siaxlovesac mtkvari miedineba.

  • 15

    straboni (XI, II, 18) mesxeTis sam nawilad

    dayofis Sesaxeb

    `es qveyana Tu raoden cnobili iyo Zvelad gviCveneben

    miTebi...iasonis laSqrobis Sesaxeb, romelmac midiamde miaR-

    wia, da kidev, friqses ufro adreuli laSqrobis Sesaxeb.

    friqsesi, romlis mefe - memkvidreebi uflobdnen qveyanaze,

    romelic ` skeptuxiebad~ iyo dayofili, magram maTi keTildRe-

    oba didi ar iyo. roca miTridate evpatoris xelisufleba

    mniSvnelovnad gaZlierda, qveyana mis batonobas daemorCila.

    mefe mudam agzavnida iq Tavis `megobarTagan~ vinmes Tavis

    nacvlad an ` mmarTvelad~, am nacvlebis ricxvSi iyo moaferni

    - dedaCemis biZa mamamisis mxridan. am qveynidan mefe iRebda

    yvelaze met daxmarebas flotis aRsaWuravad. miTridates

    Zlierebis damxobis Semdeg mTeli misi saxelmwifo daiSala

    da dainawila bevrma mmarTvelma. sabolood kolxida daimor-

    Cila polemonma, misi sikvdilis Semdeg marTavda misi coli

    pifodorida, romelic dedofali iyo kolxebisa, trapezuntis

    da farnakiis qalaqebisa da maT zemoT mdebare barbarosTa

    olqebisa, romelTac Semdeg SevexebiT. mosxebis qveyana, romel-

    Sic siwmide inaxeba iyofa sam nawilad, erTi nawili kolxebis

    xelSia, meore iberielebisa, xolo mesames floben somxebi.

    iberiaSi aris aseve patara qalaqi (frikses qalaqi) - Tanamed-

    rove edessa, kargad gamagrebuli punqti kolxidas sazRvarTan.

    dioskuriadasTan miedineba mdinare xaresi~.

    daskvna:

    mosxebis is qveyana, romelic sam nawilad iyo gayofili

    (kolxTa, iberTa da somexTa Soris) aris istoriuli mesxeTi

    (samcxedan-basianamde) da ara imereTi (argveTi), rogorc amJa-

  • 16

    mad miiCneva istorikosTa mier. kolxur mesxeTSi anu kolxeb-

    is nawil mesxeTSi mdebareobdnen sarapana da skanda (da ara

    zestafonTan).

    danawilebuli mosxebis qveyana ase iyo dayofili: artaan-

    kola iberias ekuTvnoda, klarjeTi kolxeTs, xolo tao-basi-

    ani armeniis mier iyo mitacebuli. sarapana da skanda klar-

    jeTSi arsianis maRal qedze iberiis sazRvarTan (e.i.artaanTan)

    mdebareobda.

    sarapana _ sarapali, arfali

    s. yauxCiSvilis sityviT, prokofi kesarielis xelnawerebSi

    `sarapanisis~ nacvlad weria ` sarapali~ (georgika, II, gv. 204),

    s. yauxCiSvils es CauTvlia Secdomad da mis nacvlad xelnaw-

    erebSi aRadgina, misi azriT, swori varianti `sarapani~. ker-

    Zod, prokofi wers _ ` radgan ukve zamTris Jami iyo, mermeroem

    xis kedeli aago kotaisSi da Caayena iq sparsel meomarTagan

    sami aTasi kaci. uqimerionSic datova sakmao xalxi, TviTon ki

    aaSena lazTa meore cixe, romelsac sarapals eZaxian, romel-

    ic zed lazikis sazRvarTan mdebareobs (georgika, II, gv. 204).

    aq yauxCiSvilma, Tavisive ganmartebiT, Secvala sityva ` sa-

    rapali~ sityviT sarapanisi (gv. 204, SeniSvna 1). CvenTvis es

    sityva `sarapali~ imiTaa saintereso, rom klarjeTSi dResa-

    caa punqti ` arfali~, ` arpali~, sarapali da arfali _ TiTqmis

    erTnairad gamoiTqmeba, mxolod ` s~ prefiqsi aris win damate-

    buli. Cveni azriT, klarjeTi iyo is qveyana, romelsac berZne-

    bi ` lazika~-s uwodebdnen. ` arfali~, dResac sofelia SavSeT-

    klarjeTSi da aqvs Tavisi cixe.

  • 17

    skanda

    prokofi, rogorc iTqva, aRwers, rom skandas cixe-simagreSi

    asvla SeiZleba mxolod fexiT, aq sakvebi mecixovneebisaTvis

    ahqondaT ara satvirTo saqonliT, aramed zurgiT. aq ar modioda

    arc xorbali da arc Rvino. marTlac Tu rukas davxedavT

    artaan-arTvinis SemaerTebeli gza gadis 2.600 metr simaRlis

    uReltexilze, Tanamedrove rukaze aRniSnulia, rom amJamadac

    aq aris soflebi kandidi, qinZotamali, rac etimologiurad es

    dasaxelebebi axloa ` skandasTan~. gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi,

    rom sofel qinZotamalis (igive bagdasenis) sanaxebSi, mis

    samxreTiT daaxloebiT 10 kilometrSi mdebareobs mTa sax-

    elwodebiT `kandili~.misi simaRlea 2412 metri.misi saxelis

    mixedviT unda erqvas mTel regions es saxeli-kand, skanda.

    XX s-is istoriografia, rogorc mravaljer iTqva, miiCnevs,

    rom prokofis `skanda~ aris imereTSi, Terjolis raionSi

    mdebare cixe `skande~ _ is mdebareobs dablobSi, vakeze,

    odnav SemaRlebul adgilze (zRvis donidan 170 m.), Tanac

    aRsaniSnavia, rom skandes cixes mcire borcvs garSemo akravs

    ayvavebuli venaxebisa da xexilis plantaciebi. aq modis ara

    mxolod Rvinis mosavali, aramed naxevrad subtropikuli

    mcenareuloba, magaliTad dafna. esaa uxvmosavliani mxare _

    maSin roca arTvin-artaanis `kandidi~ da `qinZotamali~ mde-

    bareoben zRvis donidan rogorc iTqva TiTqmis 2000-2500 m.

    simaRleze, sadac cxadia ar modis yurZeni RvinisaTvis da

    xorbali. amitomac daujerebelia, rom imereTis ` skande~ iyos

    prokofis skanda, miT umetes rom prokofis skanda mdebareob-

    da lazika-persarmeniis saerTaSoriso gzaze, suram-Sorapanis

    damakavSirebel gzasTan imereTis ` skandes~ araferi akavSirebs,

    is am gzidan aTeulobiT kilometriTaa daSorebuli, Tanac is

  • 18

    mdebareobs sul sxva meorexarisxovan gzaze da ara dasavleT-

    aRmosavleT saqarTvelos SemaerTebel gzaze. ase, rom ` skandes~

    miCneva `skandad~ es aris xelovnuri mcdeloba.

    mTa `kandili~, sofeli `qinZotamali~, namonastrali `kan-

    dridi~, cixe ` qinZi~ _ erTad Tavmoyrilni _ istoriul ` skan-

    das~ regionSi

    Tanamedrove artanuji artaans uerTdeba saavtomobilo gziT,

    romlis Sua monakveTs, arsianis qedis gadakveTis adgils,

    warmoadgens uReltexili ` ialnizCam~ zRvis donidan 2657 metr

    simaRleze. TviTon gza artanujidan uReltexilamde faqti-

    urad gadis uzarmazari qedis ZirSi, romlis mwvervalis sima-

    Rle aris 3068 metri zRvis donidan. aRniSnul uReltexilis

    mimdebare punqtebs sxvadasxva rukebze ewodeba `kandridi~,

    `qinZotamali~, iqve axlosaa mwvervali `kandilis~ saxel-

    wodebiT.

    aRniSnul sityvaTa fuZeebi (kandridi, qinZ, kand da sx.) iZl-

    eva safuZvels vifiqroT, rom berZeni mwerlebis mier naxsenebi

    cixe-simagre ` skanda~, romelic ise maRla da miudgomel adg-

    ilas mdebareobda unayofo regionSi, rom masze mxolod zur-

    giT ahqondaT sursaTi, aris ara imereTis `skande~, aramed

    arsianis qedis aRniSnuli uReltexilis gzaze mdebare `kan-

    dridi~, kerZod, artanuj-ardaganis saavtomobilo gzaze mde-

    bare arsianis qedis uReltexil `ialnizCam~-is maxloblad,

    rogorc aRiniSna, arsianisave qedze mdebareobs erT-erTi 2412

    m simaRlis mTa (mwvervali) saxelwodebiT `kandili~ (gzidan

    15-20 km daSorebiT), xolo TviT gzaze mdebareobs sofeli

    `karadjasu~. etimologiurad imiTaa saintereso es saxelebi,

    rom isini axloa prokofis mier naxseneb ` skandasTan~ _ ` skan-

    da~, ` kandili~ (fuZea skand-kand), amave fuZeTa wres uaxlovde-

    ba `karad~ (karadJasu), amitom safiqrebelia, rom `skandas~

  • 19

    cnobili cixe-simagre swored Tanamedrove artanuj-ardaganis

    gzaze mdebareobda, miT umetes, rom es gza konstantine por-

    firogenetis cnobiT, Xs-Sic saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobisa iyo

    da is Sav zRvasTan akavSirebda ara mxolod iberias, aramed

    armeniasac. artanujSi, konstantine porfirogenetis cnobiT,

    am gziT siriis saqonelic ki Sedioda, artanujidan Woroxis

    gziT am saqonels advilad Caitandnen Savi zRviT bizantiaSi.

    am azrs amtkicebs isic, rom am uReltexilis siaxloves,

    rogorc iTqva, mdebareobs kargadSemonaxuli cixesimagre ` qin-

    Zi~ da sofeli ` qinZotamali~, aqvea namonastrali ` kandridi~;

    e.i. gvaqvs mTa ` kandili~, sofeli ` qinZotamali~, cixe ` qinZi~ _

    `kand-qind~ fuZiT.

    artanuj-ardaganis gzaze 2657 metr simaRleze uReltex-

    ili ialnizCami Riaa ivnis-oqtombris TveebSi.

    rogorc iTqva, ialnizCamis axlos, samxreTiT aris sofeli

    karadJasu (daaxloebiT daSorebulia am uReltexilidan 30

    km-iT). iqve mdebareobs mwvervali (zRvis donidan 2412 m) saxel-

    wodebiT kandili. es mwvervali ufro axloa uReltexilidan

    (misgan odnav samxreT-aRmosavleTiT) daSorebuli daaxloe-

    biT aseve 20-30 km-iT.

    skanda da `kandili~ etimologiurad axloa erTmaneTTan.

    `skanda~ erqva arsianis qedze 2700 m. simaRlis mTaze agebul

    cixe-simagres, romlis mezoblad axlac arian: 1) qinZis cixe, 2)

    qinZotamali (sofeli) da 3) monasteri `kandridi~.

    kandridi

    skandisi

    kinZotamali

    skanda

    kandili

    sityvebis ` skandasa~, ` kandridis~ da ` kandilis~ fuZeebis

    TiTqmis igiveoba iZleva saSualebas gamoiTqvas mosazreba,

  • 20

    rom skanda erqva arsianis qedis cixes _ artaansa (e.i. iberi-

    asa) da artanujs (e.i. lazikas) Sua, sadac erTadaa Tav-

    moyrili punqtebi: qinZis cixe, sof. qinZotamali, sof. kan-

    dridi (skanda). isini mdebareoben erT regionSi artaan-ar-

    tanujis gzis gaswvriv 2700 m. (maRlobze arsinis qedze).

    skandis cixe-simagre saerTaSoriso

    mniSvnelobis gzaze

    skanda mdebareobda persarmeniidan anu sparseTis armeni-

    idan bizantiaSi mimaval gzaze, iseve, rogorc sarapani, amit-

    omac bizantia-sparseTs Soris dadebul 532 wlis saukuno zavis

    pirobebis Tanaxmad, sparselebs moeTxovebodaT skandis da

    sarapanas cixe-simagreebis dacla, ris sanacvlodac bizan-

    tielebi TavianT mcvel razms gaiyvandnen sxva regionSi mde-

    bare sasazRvro q. daradan.

    arTvin-artanuj-artaanis damakavSirebeli gza namdvilad

    mdebareobda persarmeniidan xofa - goniosken (Zv. petrasken)

    mimaval saerTaSoriso gzaze, romelic erT-erT mTavar punqts

    artanuji warmoadgenda. artanujis, viTarca savaWro centris

    Sesaxeb, anu aRniSnuli gzis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb Xs-Si wer-

    da konstantine porfirogeneti. artanujSi, rogorc iTqva,

    saqoneli Sedioda armeniidan, siriidan da iberiidan, artanujidan

    ki Woroxis gziT gadioda Savi zRvis navsadgurebSi anu bizan-

    tiaSi. am gzaze, kerZod ki arsianis qedze, mdebareobda skandis

    cixe-simagre, daaxloebiT 2600 m simaRleze. is namdvilad akon-

    trolebda aRniSnul saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis realurad

    arsebul gzas.

    rogorc ramdenjerme iTqva, imereTSi, Terjolis raionSi

    mdebare skandes cixe ar mdebareobs saerTaSoriso mniSvnelo-

  • 21

    bis gzaze, mis siaxloves gadioda umniSvnelo, adgilobrivi

    mniSvnelobis gza, romliTac SesaZlebeli iyo Tanamedrove

    Terjolis raionis mezobel umniSvnelo raionTan dakavSire-

    ba. amis gamo SeuZlebelia imereTis `skande~ sparseT-bizan-

    tias Soris 532 wels dadebuli saukuno zavis pirobebis erT-

    erTi umTavresi sakvanZo punqti yofiliyo.

    eqspedicia kandridsa da askanSi

    prokofi kesarielis sityviT, rogorc cnobilia, skandas

    cixe-simagre iseT adgilas mdebareobda, sadac ar modioda

    mosavali cnobili kulturebisa, kerZod xorblisa da yurZnisa.

    prokofis mier xSirad naxsenebi mdinare faziss Cven Woroxad

    miviCnevT, Sesabamisad skandis cixis Zieba daviwyeT arsianis

    qedze, iq sadac artaan-artanuj-arTvinis SemaerTebeli gza gadis.

    aq, ialnizCamis uReltexilze mdebare qinZotamalis cixisa da

    iqve mdebare nasoflar kandridis sanaxavad sagangebod gavemg-

    zavreT ramdenime kaciani jgufiT TurqeTSi 2008 wlis seqtem-

    bris TveSi. valedan SevediT ardaganSi, iqedan ki gavemgzavreT

    SavSeTSi. artaanidan SavSeTSi Semavali gzis uReltexili 2600

    metr simaRlezea, artaani TiTqmis 2000 metrian simaRlis ze-

    ganzea gaSlili farTo velebiT, SavSeTi ufro dablaa, misi

    buneba qalaq SavSaTamde borjomisas miagavs, wiwvovani tyee-

    biT, amwvanebuli mTebiT, romelnic swrafad dabldebian q.

    SavSaTamde, am qalaqidan gavemgzavreT arTvinisaken, am midamoebSi

    SavSeTis regionis buneba mkveTrad Seicvala, mdinare imerxevi

    moeqca uzarmazar kldeTa Soris, romlis TiTqmis vertikalur

    napralSi mdinaris pirs gauyvaniaT gza. es gza araa Zveli

    droisa, aramed axali XIX-XX saukuneTa nakveTia. arTvinidan

    meore dRes gamovemgzavreT ukan arsianis anu ialnizCamis qe-

  • 22

    disaken, artanujamde miemarTeba meore gza, romelic kvlav

    uzarmazar kldeTa Soris miemarTeba. aq gasagebi xdeba Tu ras

    uwodebda prokofi kesarieli klisurebs - uzarmazari kldee-

    bi mdinaris rogorc marjvena, ise marcxena sanapiroze mx-

    olod Zalze viwro napraliT arian daSorebulni erTmaneTs.

    am adgilebSi namdvilad SeuZlia kldekaris maRla ganlage-

    bul mcire razms xeobaSi mimavali jaris SeCereba. aseTi klde-

    kari grZeldeba TiTqmis artanujamde, antanuji gacilebiT farTo

    tafobSi mdebarebs. aqedan gza miemarTeba arsianis qedisaken,

    romlis uReltexilTan axlosac gveguleba qinZotamalis cixe

    da sofeli kandridi. marTlac, gavyeviT am gzas, kldeebi TiTq-

    mis aRar gvxvdeba gzis pirze, aqauri buneba imereTisasac ki

    miagavs, gza adis da adis maRla, avediT uReltexilze da SevediT

    Zveli artaanis sazRvris siaxloves. aq gzispiras davinaxeT

    Zveli cixe-simagre, romelic Cveni azriT iyo qinZotamalis cixe,

    iqve, cixesTan Canda sofeli, amitomac gadavwyviteT SevsuliyaviT

    sofelSi da dagvedgina misi saxeli.

    SevediT sofelSi, romlisTvisac TurqeTis mTavrobas sxva

    saxeli daurqmevia - ` bagdasen~. mosaxleoba araa qarTuli, Rarib-

    Ratakebi arian, qoxmaxebSi cxovroben, Semogvegeba uamravi

    bavSvi, jansaRebi, gvesalmebian gaocebulni, meCeTTan mamakace-

    bi adastureben, rom varT sofel qinZotamalSi, rom cixes

    ewodeba ` kindzotamal yala~, es CvenTvis miRwevaa. vekiTxe-

    biT sofel kandridis Sesaxeb, ori kaci gamogvyva kidec 3-4

    km manZilze, erT nasoflarze romelsac ` kandreTi~ ewodeba,

    isini gamoTqvamen ase - ` kandreTi~. ramdenjerme gavameorebi-

    neT es saxeli. esec warmatebaa, gaxarebuli bolos vbedav da

    vekiTxebi - ` skanda, skanda Tu aris aq sadme~. Cvenda gasaocrad

    erTerTi ambobs sityvas `askan~. oriveni adastureben, rom

    punqti Tu nasoflari `askan~ mdebareobs am kandreTidan

  • 23

    ramdenime kilometrze. es kidev ufro didi gamarjvebaa, am

    sityvis mosasmenad CamovediT Tbilisidan da gamoviareT gr-

    Zeli gza. marTlac etimologiurad ` askani~, ` kandridi~, ` kan-

    dreTi~ `qinZotamali~ Zalze axloa sityvasTan - `skanda~.

    am arealze yvelafers kandr-askan-qinZ ewodeba. aq sadRac

    unda yofiliyo prokofis mier naxsenebi skandas cixe, rome-

    lia is? arsebobs Tu ara dRes, iqneb es qinZotamalis (qind-

    zotamalis) yalaa, romelic mSvenivradaa Senaxuli, mas Cve-

    nis TvaliT vxedavT da viRebT fotokameriT, an iqneb iqve

    mdebare meore cixea, romelzec gvesaubreba aRniSnuli ori

    kaci. maT vTxoveT gagvyolodnen am meore cixis sanaxavad, mar-

    Tlac ` kandreTidan~ davbrundiT sofel kindzotamalSi, gave-

    marTeT meore cixis sanaxavad, gzaze vekiTxebi ician Tu ara

    ra aris ` qinZi~, ar ician, vuxsniT, rom es saWmeli balaxia, maT

    msgavsi araferi unaxavT da arc ician, saeWvoa am simaRleze,

    zRvis donidan TiTqmis 2000 metrze da metze qinZi xarobdes,

    maSasadame saxeli qinZotamali ar unda ukavSirdebodes sity-

    va qinZs, aramed unda ukavSirdebodes sityva ` skandas~ (askans,

    kandreTs). agviyvanes soflis maRla mdebare erT gorakze, yvel-

    ganmavali manqanebi gaCerdnen, wavediT fexiT, aq marTlac vnax-

    eT raRac Zveli cixis nangrevi, ufro `gmirTnakveTs~ hgavs,

    qinZotomalsa da am cixes Sua artanujisagan midioda Zveli

    gza, axali gza ufro maRla kldezea gayvanili.

    Cveni varaudiT, sadRac am mxareebSi iyo skandas cixe, rad-

    ganac adgilobrivi ramdenime toponimi etimologiurad skan-

    das msgavsia - esenia kandreTi, askani da kindzotamali. ori

    maTgani Cveni TvaliT vnaxeT, miRebulma STabeWdilebam kidev

    ufro gangvimtkica azri, rom skanda ara Terjolis raionSi,

    aramed artaan-artanujis SemaerTebel Zvel gzaze mdebareobda.

    iqve unda yofiliyo sarapanas cixe da ara zestafonTan, radga-

  • 24

    nac, rogorc Terjolis, aseve zestafonis aRniSnul punqtebSi

    amJamad venaxebis plantaciebia gaSenebuli da Terjolis skandesa

    da Sorapanis cixeebi subtropikul zonaSi mdebareoben, maTi

    adgilmdebareoba da mosavlianoba arafriT eTanadeba prokofis

    mier aRwerils, maSin roca arsianis qedis askan-kandridis pun-

    qtebi prokofis aRwerils Zalze miagavs.

    SavSeTSi mdebare punqti arfalis saxeli aseve eti-

    mologiurad miagavs sityva `sarapanas~. q. SavSeTis mimdebare

    arfalis cixec aseve mdebareobs arsianis qedidan q. SavSeTSi

    Semaval erTerT gzaze.

    saerTod, prokofis mier aRwerili lazikis TvaliT naxva

    SeiZleba arTvin-SavSeTis da arTvin-artanujis gzaze - esaa,

    rogorc prokofi aRwers saocrad maRali kldeebis qveyana,

    romlis napralebSi gamavali mdinareebi da gzebi TiTqosda

    asuraTxateben prokofis mier aRwerili lazikis saxes. prokofi

    yvelgan wers lazikis saocrad maRali kldeebis Sesaxeb, rom

    zRvis sanapirosTan axlos gamavali md. fazisi miemarTeba

    uzarmazar kldeebs Soris. marTlac, Cven Semdeg SevediT Turqe-

    Tis siRrmeSi, sofel qindzotamalidan kolas gziT SevediT q.

    iusufelSi, iqedan kidev ufro samxreTiT movinaxuleT da

    moviloceT iSxani, oSki, xaxuli, oTxTa eklesia, Semdeg ukan

    wavediT sxva gziT arTvinisaken, gavyeviT Woroxis xeobas, da

    unda iTqvas, Tu rasac werda prokofi vnaxeT Cveni sakuTari

    TvaliT, md. Woroxi TiTqmis mTel sigrZeze miemarTeba uzarmaz-

    ar TiTqmis Sveul kldeTa Sua, rom amitom ` misi kalapotis

    Secvla SeuZlebelia~.

    es kldeebi aris grandiozuli, mdinaridan TiTqmis Sveulad

    aRmarTulni albaT 200-300 metris simaRleze. ase grZeldeba

    kldianoba arTvinamde, romelic zRvidan 30 km-iT Tu iqneba

    daSorebuli, aqedan kldeebi SedarebiT dabldeba, magram

  • 25

    mainc uzarmazar mTebad iqceva borCxamde da mis Semdeg TiTq-

    mis maradidamde, saidanac, ufro dadablebuli Tanamedrove

    saqarTvelos sazRvarTan midis da grZeldeba. aqedan gasagebi

    xdeba prokofis sityvebi, rom zRvasTan axlos Woroxi miedine-

    ba kldeTa Soris, Cvens mier xiluli Woroxis buneba da

    prokofis mieri md. fazisis aRwera Cven kidev erTxel gvi-

    dasturebs rom md. fazisi prokofisaTvis aris md. Woroxi,

    marTlac araviTar kldovan napirTa Soris md. rioni ar

    miedineba zRvasTan axlos! zRvasTan axlos rioni Waobis mdinar-

    ea uzarmazar vakeze mimdinare, yovelgvari kldovani sanapiros

    gareSe maSasadame misi buneba ar eTanadeba prokofis aRwerils.

    prokofisa da sxva Zveli avtorebis mier aRwerilia md. fasisis

    Cqari dineba, imdenad Cqari, rom zRvaSi Sedinebis Semdeg is

    zRvas ar uerTdeboda, eqceoda mis zedapirze da calke nakadis

    saxiT miedineboda zRvaSi. Cven dagvidastures, rom marTlac,

    axlac swrafad Seedineba Woroxi zRvaSi, Tumca mas Semdeg

    rac Woroxze wyalsacavebi gaakeTes mardididan borCxamde da

    borCxidan arTvinamde Woroxis siCqare Semcirda.

    Woroxze naosnobis Sesaxeb gviambobdnen arTvineli da borCx-

    eli qarTvelebi, mkvidri mcxovreblebi, romelTac SevxvdiT

    am mogzaurobis dros. erTi arTvineli gvimtkicebda, rom dar-

    Cenilia erTaderTi Zveli kaiuki (navi) da isic dalpa siZve-

    lis gamoo. Woroxze gacxovelebuli naosnobis Sesaxeb weren

    e. veidenbaumi da g. yazbegi romelTac XIX s-Si imogzaures

    Woroxze.

    vnaxeT uamravi qvis xidi, yvelgan gzaze artanujisaken, borCx-

    asTan, maradidis gzaze, adgilobrivebi gviyvebodnen, rom

    isini arian dResac uamravni.

    strabonis mixedviT md. fazisze iyo 120 xidi. md. rionze

    SeiZleba 120 xidis gadeba? igulisxmeba foTidan vidre quTaisam-

  • 26

    de gaSlili vake. es SeuZlebelia da SeuZlebeli iyo gan-

    sakuTrebiT Zvel dros, radganac es teqnologiurad warmoud-

    geneli problemebi iqneboda Zveli drois mSeneblisaTvis md.

    rionis didi gaSlilobis, misi mravalnakadianobis, napirebis

    daWaobebisa da flatianobis gamo, xolo md. Woroxis Senakade-

    bze aseTi xidebis ageba Seudareblad advili saqmea, aq, rogorc

    vTqviT sanapiroebi aris maRali da viwro kldeebi, romlis

    erTi napiridan meoreze TaRovani xidis gadeba SesaZlebelia

    da akeTebdnen kidec aseT xidebs. maTi kolosaluri raode-

    nobaa dRemde moRweuli, Tumca mravali daifara aRniSnuli

    wyalsacavebiT. md. Woroxze, araTu xidebi, Cven vnaxeT wyalsa-

    cavSi CaZiruli meCeTi, mTeli soflebi dafarula Woroxis

    wyliT. petradan arTvin-artanujisaken mimavali gza miuyvebo-

    da md. Woroxis sanapiroebs, Woroxs ki marjvena da marcxena

    mxridan mravali patara mdinare uerTdeba, am mdinareebze

    gadahyavdaT Zvel mSeneblebs md. Woroxis napiras mimavali gza,

    amitomac swored am patara mdinareebze gadebulia uamravi

    qvis TaRovani xidi, Cans, es viwro, Zveli drois gzebi anu

    ufro sworad gza-bilikebi iyo ramdenime erTmaneTis parale-

    lurad gamavalni Woroxis sanapiroze. amiT unda iyos gamowveu-

    li is, rom, erT mdinareze gvxvdeba ramdenime qvis xidi, erT-

    maneTis siaxloves. g. yazbegma iangariSa Woroxis xeobaSi aRniS-

    nul gzaze 300 TaRovani xidi. aqedan da realuri Tvalxilu-

    li faqtidan gamomdinare, strabonis drosac aq 120 xdis arse-

    boba sarwmuno Cans. md. rionze ki SeuZlebeli iyo xidis ageba

    foTidan - quTaisamde Zvel dros da amitom veravin uTiTebs

    aseTi xidebis naSTs!!!

    imis gamo, rom Zveli gza aRar Sedis maradididan saqarTvelo-

    Si, ufro sworad, masze araa gamSvebi punqti, gavyeviT arse-

    bul SesaniSnav gzas borCxadan xofasaken. zRvis sanapiroze

  • 27

    gamaval am gzaze kidev erTxel davrwmundiT, rom prokofi

    marTali mweralia. kerZod, prokofi wers - `lazikaSi zed

    zRvis piras aRmarTulia uzarmazari kldeebi. es kldeebi

    TiTqosda aris zRvis wylis sazRvari, romelic dawesebulia

    raTa SeaCeros zRva, rogorc sazRvarma~. swored aseTia xo-

    fadan sarfSi mimavali zRvispira gzis marjvena sanapiro, es

    uzarmazari kldeebia. Tvalxiluli magaliTia prokofis si-

    marTlisa. Tuki lazika iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos dablobi,

    sad aris iq zRvispira kldeebi, romelnic aferxeben zRvis

    winsvlas? arsad! amitomac qariSxalis dros zRva gadmodis

    rionis dablobad wodebuli qveynis sanapiroze SeuzRudavad.

    artanuji - arTvinis regioni - rogorc iTqva aris kldeebis

    qveyana, ise, rogorc q. SavSaT-arTvinisa. cxadia kldianobis

    gamo umosavlo da unayofo, Tumca alag-alag erTi-ori kvad-

    taruli metri nayofieri adgilebic aris, prokofis sityviT,

    mxolod erTi adgili iyo lazikaSi gamonaklisi. es iyo

    uxvmosavliani moxirisi.

    Cveni azriT, lazika iyo arTvin-SavSaT-artanujis mxare

    sxva mimdebare kuTxeebTan erTad, misi nayofieri mxare moxirisi

    unda yofiliyo livana- erge, qveyana Woroxis napirze mara-

    didis qvemoT aWariswylis mimarTulebiT. aq, livanis bo-

    losa da ergeSi unda yofiliyo ganlagebuli moxirisi - mo-

    savliani qveyana. es amJamadac asea. erge - ayvavebuli, uxvmos-

    alviani kuTxea aWariswylidan - maradid - borCamde, sxva

    mimdebare mxare ki kldianobis gamo umosavloa. amitomac

    vfiqrobT, rom moxirisi erqva xelvaCaur-erges - qveyanas aWarisw-

    ylamde, maradidamde da borCamde.

  • 28

    Sorapani da skande mnaxvelis TvaliT

    2002 wlis 25 noembers oTxkaciani jgufi gavemgzavreT Sor-

    apnisa da skandes cixe-simagreebis, maTze gamavali gzebis, aseve

    mdinareebis mosanaxuleblad.

    berZnul-laTinuri wyaroebis cnobebiT skanda da sarapanisi

    mdebareobdnen iberiasa da lazikas Soris sazRvarze, isini

    yovelgvari transportisaTvis miuval, mkacri klimatis mqone

    regionSi mdebareobdnen, sadac ar xarobda vazi (venaxi), xor-

    balic ki. am cixe-simagreebSi kldianobisa da mTa-gorianobis

    gamo asvla saWapano pirutyvsac (cxen-jorsac) ki ar SeeZlo da

    mecixovneTaTvis produqti mebargule kacebs zurgiT ahqondaT.

    Cveni Tanamedrove istorikosebis mtkicebiT prokofis mier

    naxsenebi skanda da sarapanisi arian imereTSi mdebare skande-

    sa da Sorapnis cixeebi.

    Tu es asea, maSin es cixeebi unda mdebareobdnen mkacri

    klimatis rigionSi, sadac ar xarobs venaxi da xorbali,

    sadac ver miva transporti, cxeni da viri.

    am mxriv gagvaoca Sorapnis cixem. misi galavnis SigniT

    dgas kerZo mesakuTreTa sacxovrebeli saxlebi ezoebiT da,

    hoi saocrebav, xexiliTa da venaxiT.

    fotosuraTebic ki gadaviReT talavarze gasul vazTan

    Sorapnis cixe-simagreSi. is ara Tu miuval kldeze, aramed

    qalaqad qceuli Sorapnis dasaxlebis erT-erT quCaze mdebar-

    eobs, cixis erTi kedeli qalaqis am quCaze dgas, amitomac am

    quCis zogierTi saxli galavnis SigniT aRmoCnda. erT-erTi

    maTganis ezoSi talavarze gasuli vazis fotoc gadaviReT,

    rogorc aRiniSna. am cixe-simagris ezoSi mravladaa subtropiku-

    li klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli velurad amosuli xeebi

    da buCqebi ekal-bardTan erTad

  • 29

    maSasadame Sorapnis cixe-simagris realuri garemo ar Seesa-

    bameba prokofis mier aRweril sarapanas suraTs. rogorc vTqviT

    sarapanasTan ar xarobda vazi da xorbali mTis mkacri klima-

    tis gamo. maSasadame is alpur zonaSi mdebareobda, xolo

    Sorapani subtropikulSi mdebareobs.

    msgavsadvea Terjolis raionSi mdebare sifel skandes cixe-

    simagre.

    skande saerTod sagzao CixSi mdebareobs da ara dasavleT-

    aRmosavleT saqarTvelos SemaerTebel gzaze. aseve iqneboda

    warsulSic misi geografiuli mdebareobis gamo. am faqtis

    dadastureba SeuZlia yvelas, vinc Tavisi TvaliT naxavs skandes

    meorexarisxovani, umniSvnelo simagris geografiul garemos.

    pirvelyovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom is TiTqmis vake adgilze

    mdebareobs, dabal borcvze zRvis donidan 170 m simaRleze,

    amitomac mis galavanTan axlos mdebare sofels aqvs SesaniS-

    navi xexilis baRebi, venaxebi da talavrebi.

    me gamaoca imereTis skandesa da Sorapnis cixeTa galavanTa

    SigniTa da gareT velurad amosulma gareuli broweulis

    buCqebma da aseve dafnis xeebma, prokofi xom amis sawinaaRm-

    dego suraTs gvixatavs bunebisas skandasa da sarapanas cix-

    eTa irgvliv maRalmTiani alpuri klimatis gamo raTqmaunda

    dafna, broweuli da vazi ar xarobda, xorbalsac ver moiwevd-

    nen. am mxriv kidev erTxel unda iTqvas sxvaa imereTis skanda

    da Sorapani da sxvaa prokofi kesarielis mier aRwerili skan-

    dasa da sarapanas cixeebi.

  • 30

    gzebi

    dasavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSi

    skanda da sarapana arTvin-artaanis gzaze

    (lazikis eparqiebis iurisdiqciisaTvis)

    gzebi da xidebi istoriul kolxeTSi

    mTavari savaWro arteriebi

    `gza klarjeTisa~

    wm. andria pirvelwodebuli

    arTvin-artaanis gzaze (I s.)

    I saukuneSi `andriam moaqcivna megrelni da warvida gzasa

    klarjeTisasa~ (qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 38). es gza aer-

    Tianebda Woroxs artaanTan.

    ,,qarTlis cxovreba~ wers: andria pirvelwodebuli ,,Sevida

    qveyanasa qarTlisasa, nigalas, klarjeTsa da artaan-kolas, sada

    igi dayo Jami friad mravalni~.

    sad iyo nigala? - nigalas xeoba mdebareobs istoriuli

    saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi (amJamad TurqeTSia).

    moicavs md. Woroxis Sua da qveda wels. vaxuStis cnobiT -

    ,,Woroxis mdinaris aRmosavleTis kidezec aris arTvini, qala-

    qi mcire, mosaxleni arian vaWarni, da am arTvinis sanaxebiTurT,

    vidre erges sazRvramde, Woroxis xeobis imieri da amieri iwode-

    bis liganis xeobad~, saxeli nigalis xevi osmalebma Secvales

    livanad (e. beriZe, qristianuli salocavebi nigalis xeobaSi,

    tbeloba, 2008, gv. 322).

  • 31

    nigalis areali CrdiloeTidan isazRvreba karCxalis mTaTa

    sistemiT, romelTa iqeTac aWara da maWaxelaa, aRmosavleTiT -

    klarjeTi da artanujia, samxreTiT tao, xolo dasavleTidan

    isazRvreba lazeTis qediT.

    nigalis qveyana amJamadac qarTulenovania im TvalsazrisiT,

    rom misma mkvidrebma TurqulTan erTad met-naklebad ician es

    ena. es regioni ,,qarTlis qveynad~ iwodeba qarTlis cxovreba-

    Si klarjeTTan da artaan-kolasTan erTad.

    maSasadame, nigalis anu livanis mTavari qalaqi arTvinia.

    aqedan wmida mociquli andria Sesula klarjeTSi, romlis

    mTavari qalaqi amJamadac aris artanuji, iqedan ki gadasula

    artaan-kolaSi. yvela am regionSi dayo, rogorc iTqva ,,Jami

    friad mravalni~.

    maSasadame, wmida mociquls uvlia im gziT, romelic aTasi

    wlis Semdegac konstantine porfirogenetis epoqaSic mniS-

    vnelovani iyo da romelmac artanuji did savaWro centrad

    gadaaqcia. es gza, rogorc iTqva, iwyeboda arTvinSi, Sedioda

    artanujSi da gadadioda artaanSi. arTvin-artanuj-artaanis

    gza, maSasadame, I saukuneSic Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo wmida

    andrias cxovrebis mTargmnelTa cnobiT. am gziT, rogorc

    mravaljer aRiniSna V s-Si usargeblia vaxtang gorgasals da

    Cveni azriT, am gziT Sevida sparseTis mefe xosro lazikis

    cixe petraSi. maSasadame, man gadalaxa ara suramis qedi da

    dasavleT saqarTvelo, aramed isargebla iqamde arsebuli spar-

    seT-dvin-yars-artaan-artanuj-arTvinis gziT. am punqtebs, cxa-

    dia VI saukuneSi sxva saxelebi SeiZleboda hqonodaT. sxva

    cnobiT petraSi mimaval Sahs gauvlia TeodosiopolSi, iqedan

    is pirdapiri gziT Sevidoda artaanSi, aqedan ki artanujis

    gavliT arTvinsa da petraSi. esaa kolxeTisa da iberiis makav-

    Sirebeli strabonis ,,4 dRiani~ gza anu gza klarjeTisa.

  • 32

    qristes samsWvalTa da ferxTa ficris gza (IV s.)

    `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da `moqceva qarTlisas~ mixedviT,

    wmida ninos nebiT mefe mirianma qarTvelTa gaqristianeba ax-

    ara imperator konstantines. man Tavis mxriv saqarTveloSi

    gamogzavna samRvdeloeba xalxis mosanaTlad, romelTac gamo-

    atana agreTve didi Tanxa eklesiaTa asaSeneblad. mas Semdeg

    rac dedofalma elenem 326 wels ierusalimSi aRmoaCina cx-

    ovelmyofeli jvari, imperatorma konstantinem meorejerac

    gamoagzavna saqarTveloSi sasulieroTa jgufi, romelTac iberi-

    is qveyanaSi unda CaetanaT wmida nawilebi cxovelmyofeli

    jvrisa, kerZod ki ferxTa ficari da is lursmnebi, romlebi-

    Tac miamsWvales jvarze ufali. aRniSnuli wyaroebis Tanax-

    mad, cnobilia is gza, romliTac bizantiidan _ saqarTveloSi

    Semoasvenes siwmideebi. kerZod maT gamoiares eruSeTsa, wun-

    dasa da manglisSi (sadac daasvenes es siwmideebi) da mividnen

    iberiis mefesTan mcxeTaSi.

    xufaTi-Worox-eruSeTi-wunda-manglisi-mcxeTis saerTaSoriso

    gza aerTianebda bizantiasa da saqarTvelos am gzis udidesi

    mniSvnelobis, kerZod am gzis kvanZis _ artanujis (arze-klar-

    jeTis) Sesaxeb werda Xs. imperatori konstantine porfiroge-

    neti. qarTuli wyaroebis cnobiT, es gza arsebobda IV s-Sic da

    is akavSirebda erTmaneTTan bizantia saqarTvelos. es, anu

    eruSeT-manglis-mcxeTis gza, arsebobda X-XI ss-Sic, mas Zalze

    didi Semosavali mohqonda. am gzas icavda kldekaris cixe.

    TrialeTis erisTavebis baRvaSebis finansuri siZliere am

    gzasTan unda yofiliyo dakavSirebuli. safiqrebelia, swored

    finansuri sargeblis, gzis baJis misaRebad gadmosaxldnen

    argveTidan kldekarSi baRvaSebi (argveTSi rom yofiliyo ase-

    Ti mniSvnelobis saerTaSoriso gza, baRvaSebi SesaZloa iqve

    darCeniliyvnen).

  • 33

    vaxtang gorgaslis ` gza klarjeTisa~ (V s.)

    Cveni mematianeni sakmaod xSirad xmaroben sityvas _ `gza

    klarjeTisa~. magaliTad, Is-Si ` andriam moaqcivna megrelni da

    warvida gzasa klarjeTisasa~ (q.c. I, gv. 38). Vs-Si _ ` warmovida

    vaxtang gzasa klarjeTisasa~ (q.c., I, gv. 177).

    vaxtang gorgasali Tavisi jariT SeiWra saberZneTis (bizan-

    tiis) miwa-wyalze, `moadga laSqarni pontosa qalaqsa didsa

    zRvis kidesa~ (q.c., I, gv. 160). zRvispira did qalaqad Cans ig-

    ulisxmeba trapizoni. keisarTan sazavo molaparakebis Semdeg,

    vaxtangi ukan dabrunda: `warmovida vaxtang gzasa klarjeTi-

    sasa da spani misi ganutevna gzasa somxiTisasa da viTar moi-

    wia Tuxarisad mixedna da Seuyvarda cixe... ixila klde Sua

    klarjeTisasa, romelsa erqva artanuji da mouwoda artavazs

    ZuZumtesa missa da daadgina igi erisTavad da ubrZana, raTa

    aagos cixe artanujisa da ubrZana raTa gamonaxos xevsa mas

    Sina adgili samonastre da aRaSenos eklesia da qmnes monas-

    trad, viTar exilvnes monasterni saberZneTisani da rqua ar-

    tavazs: ` ukeTu ganZlierdnen sparsni Cven zeda, sayudeli Cueni

    aqa yofad ars~, xolo artavaz aRaSena cixe artanujisa da

    monasteri, romel ars opiza da samni eklesiani: daba merisa,

    Sindobisa da axizisa da ganaaxla cixe axizisa da qmna igi

    quabad da viTar warmovida vaxtang da movida qalaqad Tvisad

    mcxeTad, iyo sixaruli didi da madlisa micema RmrTisa, rame-

    Tiu movida igi mSvidobiT~ (q.c. I, gv. 177-178).

    am aRweridan Cans gza, romliTac vaxtang gorgasali sa-

    berZneTidan dabrunda mcxeTaSi. kerZod, es gza gaivlida klar-

    jeTs, artanujs, artaans, javaxeTs da Sedioda mcxeTaSi, mas

    mematiane uwodebs `gza klarjeTisa~. am gzas artaanSi uerT-

    deboda `gza somxeTisa~ (esaa artaani-kola-tao-dvinis Semae-

    rTebeli gza. am `somxeTis gzis~ meore toti taodan Sedioda

    saberZneTSi _ am gziT dabrunda ukan vaxtangis spa).

  • 34

    nana xazaraZis kvlevis Tanaxmad `klarjeTis gziT~ vaxtang

    gorgaslamde usargeblia pompeusisagan devnil miTridate

    pontoels. istorikosis cnobiT, pontos mTebis gadalaxvis

    Semdeg miTridate Cavida kolxeTSi afsarosTan (goniosTan).

    kerZod, mas jer usargeblia ` somxeTis gziT~, Semdeg ki ` klar-

    jeTis gziT~ Casula Woroxis xeobaSi da misula afsarosTan.

    qalaqi artanisa da farnavazis

    klarjuli gza (Zv. w. III s.)

    ptolemaiosis sityviT, iberiaSi mdebareobda qalaqi ` artanisa~.

    Cveni mecnierebis kvleviT, misi adgilmdebareoba araa dadgeni-

    li. aq sainteresoa, rom Cveni mematianeebi swored ase moixse-

    niebdnen artaanis qalaqs, mas ewodeba saxeli ` qalaqi artanisa~,

    an `naqalaqevi artanisa~. maSasadame, artanisa TviT qalaqis

    saxelia, Tumca, cxadia, imavdroulad ` artaanis qalaqsac~ niS-

    navs.

    `javaxos aRaSena orni cixe-qalaqni: wunda da qalaqi ar-

    tanisa, romelsac maSin erqva qajTa qalaqi, xolo aw hqvia

    huri~ (q.c. I, gv. 10).

    farnavaz mefem, roca egrisSi Sekriba ` mxedarni qarTlisani~,

    gaemarTa azonTan sabrZolvelad _ `miegeba naqalaqevsa Tana

    artanisasa, romelsa erqva maSin qajTa qalaqi, romel ars huri~

    (q.c.I,gv.23). azonis damarcxebis Semdeg farnavazi Sevida saberZ-

    neTSi, iqidan ` movida klarjeTs da daipyro klarjeTi da war-

    movida mcxeTad sixaruliTa didiTa~ (iqve, gv. 23). saqme isaa,

    rom azoni iqamde klarjeTSi iyo gamagrebuli da mas berZenTa

    jari exmareboda. azonis sabolood dasamarcxeblad farnavazma

    klarjeTic SemoierTa da mcxeTaSi dabrunda, TiTqosda cxadi

    unda iyos _ im erTaderTi gziT, romelic klarjeTs artaanTan

  • 35

    aerTebda da javaxeTis gavliT mcxeTaSi Sedioda. esaa is gza,

    romelic Semdgom gamoiyena vaxtang gorgasalma, romelzec aago

    artanujis cixe-simagre.

    klarjeTSi murvan yrus laSqrobis gza (VIII s.)

    d. musxeliSvilis 2003 wels gamocemuli `saqarTvelos is-

    toriis atlasis~ mixedviT, murvan yrum urbnisis dalaSqvris

    Semdeg SorapanSi misasvlelad airCia samxreTis gza. is Sevi-

    da samcxeSi da samcxidan SorapanSi. urbnisidan gahyva mt-

    kvris xeobas da oZrxe-dimnas gziT Sevida argveTSi, dimnas

    Semdeg is wavida aRmosavleTiT Sorapan-svirisken. rom arse-

    buliyo suram-Sorapanis pirdapiri gza, is aseT urTules manevrs

    ar gaakeTebda. Cans, es gza arc ki arsebobda. yovel SemTxvveva-

    Si wyaroebSi suram-Sorapnis gza naklebad Cans. CvenTvis mniS-

    vnelovani am SemTxvevaSi isaa, rom murvan yrum artaan-Woroxis

    xeobis makavSirebeli gza gaiara, e.i. es gza VIII saukuneSic

    arsebobda.

    bagrat IV-is gza xufaT-klarjeTisa (XI s.)

    bagrat IV afxazeTSi ibrZoda anakofiis cixis asaRebad. am

    dros masTan mividnen ` tfilelni berni~ da amcnes, rom garda-

    icvala tfilisis amira, amitomac saswrafod unda Casuliyo

    TbilisSi da is SeerTebina saqarTvelosTvis _ ` uqades qalaqi

    da uxmes saswrafod~. marTlac, mefe saswrafod gaemarTa Tbili-

    sisaken, man gadaiara ara lixi-suramis mTa (Cans ar iyo Sesa-

    bamisi gza laSqrisTvis), aramed quTaisidan Cavida xufaTSi,

    Sevida Woroxis xeobaSi da klarjeTis tradiciuli gziT Cav-

  • 36

    ida TbilisSi. mefis gza aseTia: anakofiidan `amoiara da mov-

    ida quTaTiss da moiyena quTaTisisa samoqalaqos laSqari...

    moiyvana xufaTsa... amoiara mefeman da movida qarTls... ware-

    marTa tfilisad~ (q.c. I, 299). e.i. quTaisi-xufaTi-artanuji-jav-

    axeTi-Tbilisis gziT gadaiyvana laSqari dasavleT saqarTvelo-

    dan mtkvris pirze da daamarcxa mteri (q.c. I, 338). e.i. masac

    `klarjeTis gza~ gauvlia.

    artanujis saerTaSoriso gza (X s.)

    konstantine porfirogenetis (X s. bizantiis imperatoris)

    cnobiT ` artanujis cixe Zalian mtkicea da aqvs didi rabatic

    da daba-qalaqic, da iq modis saqoneli trapezuntisa, iberiisa,

    afxazeTisa, armeniisa da siriis yvela qveynidan da am saqonl-

    idan mas uamravi baJi Semodis. artanujis miwa-wyali _ ese igi

    arzeni, didia da nayofieri da warmoadgens iberiis, afxazeTisa

    da mesxTa qveynis gasaRebs~ (georgika 2, nakveTi II, gv. 278-279).

    maSasadame IX-X ss-Si artanuji iRebda saqonels SavizRvi-

    spireTidan (ZiriTadad trapezunti) da es saqoneli gadahqon-

    da armenia, iberiasa da siriaSi, da piriqiT armenia, iberia, siri-

    is saqoneli gahqonda SavizRvispireTis qveynebSi _ trapezunt-

    sa da afxazeTSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi).

    cxadia, ara qalaqi artanuji, aramed is saerTaSoriso gza,

    romelzec es cixe-qalaqi mdebareobda, aerTebda Woroxis auzis

    meSveobiT zRvispira qveynebs, iberiis qalaq artahanTan. ar-

    taan-arTvinis gza ZvelTaganve aerTebda somxeTsa da iberias

    SavizRvispireTTan md. Woroxis meSveobiT. magaliTad somx-

    eTidan (dvinidan) Semosuli saqoneli, romelic zRvis port-

    Tan unda misuliyo, arTvin-ardagnis gziT gadaivlida kandri-

    dis uReltexils arsianis qedze da gadavidoda Woroxis xe-

  • 37

    obaSi, Sevidoda q. artanujSi, aqedan amave gziT Sevidoda q.

    arTvinSi, arTvinidan saxmeleTo an samdinaro gziT Sevidoda

    q. petraSi anda SavizRvispireTis navsadgurSi. artahan-arTvi-

    nis gziT gahqondaT Tbilisuri saqoneli zRvaze, anda piriqiT,

    dasavleT saqarTvelos saqonels Woroxisa da arTvin-artanis

    gziT miitandnen TbilisSi, dvinSi Tu sxva aRmosavleTis mx-

    areSi. es gza iyo ZvelTaganve arsebuli. es iqidan Cans, rom,

    marTalia, VIII s-Si artanuji da misi mxareebi arabebma aaoxres,

    magram ukve X s-Si am gzas mainc saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba

    hqonda, konstantine porfirogenetis cnobiT. is rom ar yofil-

    iyo ZvelTaganve arsebuli saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis mosax-

    erxebeli gza _ X s-Si ar aRdgeboda.

    `artanuji tao_klarjeTis samTavros politikuri centri

    gaxda. es qalaqi VIII_IX saukuneTa mijnaze unda warmoSobil-

    iyo (saq. ist. narkv. II, 1973. gv. 347).

    artanujSi jer kidev vaxtang gorgasals augia cixe, misi

    geografiuli mdebareobis gamo.

    `artanujis dawinaurebis mTavari momenti misi strategiuli

    mdebareoba unda yofiliyo (iqve,gv. 347), artanuji mdebareobda

    mniSvnelovan savaWro gzaTa Sesayarze. masze gadioda trasa,

    romelic Tbiliss bizantiis qalaqebTan akavSirebda: samSvil-

    de-faravani-axalqalaqi-artaani-artanuji (iqve, gv. 80)

    `artanujis meSveobiT ukavSirdebodnen somxeTis qalaqebi Savi

    zRvis aRmosavleT sanapirosa da dasavleT saqarTvelos~ ( .

    , , gv. 233-234).

    e.i somxeTi SavizRvispireTis savaWro punqtebs ukavSirde-

    boda artanuj-arTvin-Savi zRvis meSveobiT. arTvinidan Sei-

    Zleboda saxmeleTo aseve samdinaro gziT (Woroxis meSveo-

    biT) Savi zRvis sanapiroebamde tvirTis mitana, rogorc trapi-

    zonis, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos mimarTulebiT.

  • 38

    artanujis ayvavebas X s. Sua wlebisaTvis am gzam Seuwyo

    xeli. is iqca saqarTvelos erT-erT umniSvnelovanes qalaqad.

    amitom roca es qalaqi misma erT-erTma bagrationma mepatronem

    bizantielebs gadasca da artanujis cixeze bizantielTa droSa

    aRimarTa, bagrationebis yvela ganStoebis meTaurebma bizan-

    tielebs ganucxades, rom Tu ar daTmobdnen da ar daclidnen

    artanujs, yvelani gadavidodnen arabebis mxares da erTiani

    ZaliT ibrZolebdnen artanujis gasaTavisufleblad.

    konstantine porfirogenetis TqmiT, artanujSi Sedioda tra-

    pezuntis, iberiis, afxazeTis, armeniisa da siriis saqoneli.

    artanujis qveyanas, misive TqmiT, ` arzeni~ erqva, etimologiurad

    arzeni igive alz_ena anu ` alz~-is qveyanaa. ` alz~ igive ` laz~-

    ia, lazivi _ lazikaa.

    baRvaSebi mcxeTa-klarjeTis gzis (XII s.)

    TrialeTis monakveTze

    klarjeTis gza (artanujis gza) imiT iyo mniSvnelovani, rom

    igi aerTebda SavizRvispireTisa da bizantiis savaWro cen-

    trebs. konstantine porfirogenetis sityviT, iberiasTan, arme-

    niasTan da siriasTan. petradan, xufaTidan an Semdegdroindel

    goniodan, es gza gauyveboda Woroxs, Sevidoda artanujSi, iqidan

    arsianis qedis gavliT artaanSi. artaani iyo gzajvaredini,

    CrdiloeTiT gza miemarTeboda iberiisken, samxreTiT da aRmo-

    savleTiT ki _ somxeTisaken, siriisken da mcire aziis punqte-

    bisaken. CvenTvis saintereso CrdiloeTis gza artaanidan Se-

    dioda javaxeTSi da TrialeTSi. aqac, daaxloebiT kldekaris

    cixe-simagresTan, gza kvlav orad iyofoda, erTi atenis xeobis

    CavliT Cadioda Sida qarTlSi, meore ki manglisis xeobis gav-

  • 39

    liT uerTdeboda Tbilis-qvemoqarTl-somxeT-ransa da mova-

    kans. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samxreT kavkasiis da Crdilo sparseTis

    savaWro-saerTaSoriso gza gadioda kldekarze da iqidan ki

    klarjeTis gziT uerTdeboda SavizRvispira portebs.

    gzis aseTi didi mniSvnelobis gamo kldekaris cixe-simagre

    daiWira baRvaSebis cnobilma sagvareulom X saukunis bolos,

    konstantine porfirogenetis epoqaSi. man, rogorc iTqva, aRw-

    era am gzaze mdebare artanujis cixe-simagris savaWro mniS-

    vneloba.

    mematiane wers _ `iyo mas Jamsa erisTavad kldekarTa rati

    da hqonda cixe atenisa _ TrialeTi, manglis xevi da skvireTi~

    (q.c. I, gv. 276).

    TrialeTidan Sida qarTlSi Camaval gzaze mdinareebis gada-

    kveTisas agebuli iqna mravali TaRovani xidi, ase rom, ar-

    tanujis TaRovani xidi da atenTan mdebare mdinareebis TaRo-

    vani xidebi erTi gzis Semadgeneli teqnikuri saSualebebia.

    klarjeT _ TrialeTisa da samcxis laSqari (kaxeT-hereT-

    Tbilisis SemoerTebamde) _ qveynis saxelis mixedviT iwodebo-

    da ` zemo laSqrad~ (anu zemo qveynis laSqrad). sxva iyo qvemo

    qveynis anu dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) laSqari. kaxe-

    Tis qorepiskopos daviTTan brZolisas taoSi myofma bagrat

    III afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefem da kurapalatma `awvia spaTa

    afxazeTisa da qarTlisaTa, TviT waremarTa zemoT laSqriTa,

    gaiara TrialeTi, gavlo xidi mcxeTisa da mierTnes Tana afx-

    azni da qarTvelni, dadga TianeTs~ (q.c. I, gv. 279).

    aqedan Cans, rom am laSqarma gaiara artaan-javaxeT-Triale-

    Tis aRwerili gziT da kldekaridan (walkidan) atenis xeobis

    gziT mcxeTaSi Sevida.

  • 40

    xosro klarjeTis gzaze (VI s.)

    Cven davadgineT, rom sparsuli jari jer Sah xosros, xolo

    Semdgom misi mxedarTmTavrebis meTaurobiT lazikasa da q.

    petraSi Cadiodnen Tanamedrove artaanidan arsianis qedis gad-

    amkveTi gziT. amJamadac yarsidan wamosuli gza, romelic ar-

    taanSi Sedis, uerTdeba arTvins da Woroxis sanapiroze gam-

    aval im gzas, romelic mgzavrs miiyvanda q. petrasTan. Zvel

    dros q. artaansa da q. dvins aerTebda mniSvnelovani gza, ase

    rom, dvini q. petras aRniSnuli gziT uerTdeboda. dvini _

    persarmeniis is qalaqi iyo, romlis sanaxebSic isvenebda lazikis

    omebis Semdeg daqanculi sparsuli jari.

    q. dvinidan anu persarmeniidan petrasken mimavali jari jer,

    rogorc iTqva, gaivlida artaans (es iyo iberiis miwa-wyali),

    aqedan ki arsianis qedis gavliT Sedioda klarjeTSi, romel-

    sac berZnuli wyaroebi lazikas uwodebdnen. am qveynis (anu

    lazika-klarjeTis) mTavari mdinaris fasisis anu Woroxis

    sanapiroze gadioda saerTaSoriso gza, romelic Savi zRvis

    sanapiromde midioda (q. petrasTan, mis gverdiT mdebare q. fa-

    sisTan, Semdeg q. arqeopolisTan da a.S.).

    artaansa da arTvins amJamad aerTianebs ori gza. erTi gza

    SavSeTis gavliT uerTdeba arTvins, meore artaanidan gamosu-

    li gza ki artanujis gavliT uerTdeba arTvins. romeli gziT

    imgzavra xosrom? man gaiara albaT prokofis mier dasaxele-

    buli iberiis cixeebi skanda da sarapana. skandis cixe _ arsi-

    anis qedze mdebare qinZotamalis cixe unda iyos (iqvea sofeli

    kandridi da qinZis cixe), xolo sarapana unda iyos SavSeTTan

    mdebare ` arpalis~ cixe, romelsac aseve hqvia `qvaTeTrisi~. am

    or cixes savele gza amJamadac aerTianebT. ix. saqarTvelos

    `zogadgeografiuli~ ruka, 1998.

  • 41

    sparseTis Sahma xosrom Tavisi laSqriT, (Semdeg ki misma

    mxedarTmTavrebma) gaiara lazika persarmeniidan petramde da

    piriqiT. am laSqrobebs aRwers prokofi. es gza, Cveni azriT,

    gasaRebs warmoadgens lazikisa da md. fasisis mdebareobis

    gansazRvrisaTvis.

    persamenia anu q. dvinis sanaxebi warmoadgenda sparsuli

    laSqris dasavanebel da Zalebis mosakreb adgils lazikisak-

    en laSqrobisas. prokofi kesarielis cnobiT persarmeniidan

    dasvenebuli sparsuli laSqari Sedioda lazikaSi, iRebda

    monawileobas petrasa da misi mimdebare adgilebis laSqroba-

    Si, amis Semdeg ki es laSqari ukanve brundeboda dasasvene-

    blad da Zalebis mosakrebad q. dvinis sanaxebSi. amaze prokofi

    wers:

    `mermeroem lazikaSi 5.000 kaci datova, xolo danarCeni 25.000

    kaciT somxeTSi gadavida da dvinis axlos daibanaka~. merme-

    roe petradan `danarCeni jariT mivida persarmeniaSi da dais-

    vena dvinis maxlobel soflebSi (georgika, II. gv.115).

    XX s-is istorikosTa amJamad sayovelTaod miRebuli azriT

    petrasaken mimavali laSqari gaivlida q. Tbiliss, Semdeg sura-

    mis qedis gadalaxviT Sedioda yvirilas xeobaSi, gadavidoda

    md. rionis vakeze, Semdeg ki gaivlida Tanamedrove guriasa da

    aWaras da Sevidoda petras simagreSi. aseTi gza ar eTanxmeba

    prokofis aRweras, radganac prokofis cnobiT petras brZolebSi

    daRlili laSqari Zalebis mosakrebad midioda q. dvinSi anu

    persarmeniaSi, Tu ki petradan ukan mimavali laSqari gaivli-

    da aseT ugrZeles gzas: _ mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos, Semdeg

    ki TiTqmis mTel aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, Semdeg somxeTs da

    mividoda dvinSi, es laSqari sruliad Zala gamoclili iqne-

    boda. samxedro TvalsazrisiT aseTi gzis gavla dasasvene-

    blad araefeqturia da SeuZlebelic aris. maSasadame xosros

  • 42

    da misi sardlis mermeroes mier gavlili gza dvinidan pe-

    tramde ufro mokle unda yofiliyo. amasTanave Cven viciT, rom

    es gza gaivlida iberiis erT nawils, gadalaxavda Zalze maRa-

    li qedis uReltexils da Cavidoda fasisis xeobaSi. iq sadac

    fasisi wyalmcirea. aq jari fexiT gadavidoda mdinareze da

    gauyveboda petrasaken mimaval gzas, ise, rom md. fasisi marjve-

    na mxares hqonodaT. amasTanave am gzaze isini ar gaivlidnen

    arc erT lazur sofels. marTlac arsebobda iseTi gza, romel-

    ic dvinidan Sedioda petraSi iberiis gavliT. es iyo _ dvini-

    artaani-artanuji-arTvini-petras gza, romelic gadadis arsi-

    anis qedis erT maRal uReltexilze. es aris uZvelesi gza,

    amasaTanave umoklesi da advilad savali petradan _ dvinamde.

    arTvin-artaanis (ardaganis) SemaerTebeli es gza arsebobs

    amJamad da arsebobda wina istoriul xanaSic.

    dvinidan (persarmeniidan) gamavali gza Tavdapirvelad Se-

    dioda iberiaSi (anu artaanSi), aqedan ki gadioda lazikaSi

    anu klarjeTSi liganasa da ergeSi, e.i. fasisis anu Woroxis

    xeobaSi, kerZod ki klarjeTis qalaq arTvinSi. arTvinis max-

    lobeli fonis gadalaxvis Semdeg, laSqari gadioda md. Woroxis

    marcxena sanapiroze (maSasadame maT marjvniv miedineboda

    mdinare fasisi anu Woroxi _ prokofis TqmiT) da umoklesi

    gziT mdinaris gayolebiT pirdapir Sediodnen petraSi. erTa-

    derTi maTi dabrkoleba am gzaze iyo arsianis qedis uReltex-

    ili. esaa TiTqmis 3.000 metri simaRlis uReltexili. am uRel-

    texilis geografia Cven gvexmareba ganvsazRvroT Tu sad iyo

    skandas cixe simagre.

    petraSi salaSqrod wamosulma sparsulma jarebma sagange-

    bo samuSao Seasrules, raTa gaesworebinaT iberiidan kolxi-

    daSi mimavali gza. sparseTis mefem aRniSna am gzis uvargiso-

    bis Sesaxeb, magram is daarwmunes, rom xeebs moWridnen da

  • 43

    napralebs amoavsebdnen. marTlac, am gziT gamoiara sparseTis

    cxenosanma jarma da mebrZolma spiloebma. prokofi wers: ` iberi-

    idan kolxeTSi mimavali gza yvelgan daqanebuli napralebiT

    da Znel savali gzebiTaa daserili, dafarulia uRrani tyee-

    biT, ise, rom msubuqad datvirTul kacsac gauWirdeboda siaru-

    li, axla ise gaesworebinaT, rom ara Tu maTma cxenosanma jar-

    ma gaiara iq daubrkoleblad, aramed spiloebic gaatares, ram-

    denic surdaT da ise ilaSqres (iqve, georgika, II, gv. 182).

    am gzis qveS, rogorc iTqva, unda igulisxmebodes artaanidan

    anu iberiidan lazikaSi anu Woroxis xeobaSi Semavali arc

    Tu grZeli gza, romelic iqamdec arsebobda, da saWiroebis

    SemxvevaSi misi gasworebac iyo SesaZlebeli. marTlac, prokofis

    aRweridan Cans, rom xosros jari ise Sevida lazikaSi, rom

    maT fasisi marjvena mxares darCaT. am adgilas prokofi md.

    fasisSi mdinare Woroxs gulisxmobs da iqve asaxelebs meore

    mdinares _ reons. prokofi wers: `mdinare fasisis iqeTa mx-

    ares lazebs petras garda sxva dasaxlebuli adgili ar moe-

    povebodaT. is gavida da daiWira iberiidan kolxeTSi gadasas-

    vleli adgilebi, sadac fasisze gadasvla foniT SeiZleboda.

    es mdinare, aseve meore mdinarec fexiT gadalaxa, saxelad re-

    oni (arc es aris sanaosno) da fasisis marjvena mxareze rom

    aRmoCnda, waiyvana jari erTi qalaqis _ arqeopolisis winaaRm-

    deg, romelic aris mTavari qalaqi lazikis qveyanaSi (gv. 182).

    Cans, reoni VI s.-Si erqva aseve Woroxis SesarTav mdinaresac.

  • 44

    lazikaSi mimavali sparselTa gzis marSruti

    g. grigolias mixedviT

    berZen-romaeli avtorebis cnobebis gaanalizebis Semdeg,

    CvenTvis cxadi gaxda, rom VI saukuneSi sparselebma petrasaken

    ilaSqres artaan-artanuj-arTvinis gziT. es CvenTvis iyo axa-

    li azri da ar eTanadeboda oficialur istoriografiaSi

    damkvidrebul Tvalsazriss, magram aRmoCnda, rom igive Tval-

    sazrisisaa batoni guram grigolia, romlis naSromsac gave-

    caniT 2009 wels.

    oficialuri istoriografiis TvalsazrisiT petrasaken

    laSqrobis marSruti Semdegi iyo - aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo,

    lixis qedi, dasavleTi saqarTvelo, petra. g. grigolias azriT

    ki sparsTa jari Woroxis xeobis gavliT Sevida petraSi. is

    wers - ,,raTa ufro ioli gaxdes am gzis mimarTulebis garkve-

    va, prokofi kesarieli detalurad aRwers gzaze damxvedr mdina-

    reebs, mogviTxrobs maT fizikur Tvisebebze, mimarTulebaze, saidan

    iReben isini saTaves, sad aris maTi SesarTavi, romel qveynebsa

    Tu tomebis dasaxlebaTa maxloblad miedinebian da sxva. yove-

    live es fasdaudebel informacias iZleva lazikis samefosa

    da qalaq petras lokalizaciisaTvis~ (g. grigolia, egris-

    lazikis samefos saistorio geografiis problemebi, 1994, gv.

    29). Semdeg mkvlevari ganagrZobs - ,,xofa umoklesi gziT ukav-

    Sirdeba Woroxis xeobas borCxasTan. Woroxis zemo welisaken

    mimavali gza arTvinTan iyofa orad, erTi Woroxis gayolebiT

    miemarTeba yarsi, ardagani da somxeTisaken, xolo meore imerx-

    eviT, SavSeTis yvirilas xeobiT da arsianis uReltexiliT

    gadadis focxovis xeobaSi, saidanac axalcixe-axalqalaqi, walka-

    manglisis gziT Cadis TbilisSi. safiqrebelia, rom swored am

    gziT waiyvanes lazebma mefe xosro anuSirvani petras winaaRmdeg,

  • 45

    kerZod, rogorc prokofis cnobidan vgebulobT, sparselebma

    gadalaxes boasi (Cveni gagebiT Woroxis zemo weli - wers g.

    grigolia) da ,,ise mividnen petraSi rom fasisi marjvniv hqon-

    daT~ (iqve, gv. 64). g. grigolia Tvlis, rom is mdinare fasisi,

    romelic sparselebma am dros gadalaxes aris md. Woroxi,

    xolo petra ki erqva xofas (Zvel xufaTs). g. grigolias azriT

    xofadan Woroxisaken da aqedan iberiisaken, armeniisa da per-

    sarmeniisaken mimavali gza ZvelTaganve arsebobda (iqve, gv. 65).

    am gzaze zamTriTac ki moZraoba ar wydeboda - ,,gza xufaTidan

    da iberiidan Woroxisaken imdenad yofila gakvaluli, rom zam-

    Tris periodSic ki ar ferxdeboda masze xalxTa didi masebis

    moZraoba~ (iqve, gv. 65).

    g. grigolias mosazrebas isic adasturebs, rom sparsTa

    laSqris mosasvenebeli mTavari banaki mdebareobda persarme-

    niaSi - dvinSi. aqedan miemarTebodnen isini petrasa da lazikaSi,

    iqedan ki ukan brundebodnen mosasveneblad - prokofi kesari-

    elis cnobiT. dvinidan ki pirdapiri gza arsebobda Woroxamde

    da Sesabamisad petramde. amasTanave, prokofis cnobiT erT-

    erTi laSqrobisas - ,,sparselebi maT winamZRol lazebTan

    erTad swrafad gaCndnen petraSi~ (georgika II, gv. 100-102).

    Tu ki laSqari gaivlida Tbiliss, lixis qeds, mTel dasav-

    leT saqarTvelos da Semdeg movidoda petraSi (sadRac ba-

    TumTan) cxadia is ,,swrafad ver gaCndeboda petraSi - didi

    gzis gamo. maSin laSqars mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo unda

    gaevlo, rasac mosaxleoba da mowinaaRmdege advilad Seityob-

    da da ,,swraf marSs~ Tavisi mniSvneloba daekargeboda. aseTi

    siswrafe ki artaan-arTvinis SemaerTebel, Tanac gakvalul gzaze

    SesaZlebeli iyo. amitomac g. grigolias mosazreba misaRebia.

    is wers - ,,boas-fasisi rom namdvilad md. Woroxia da ara

    yvirila-rioni, rogorc es adre iyo gagebuli, amas kidev erTx-

  • 46

    el mowmobs prokofi kesarielis Sromis araerTi adgili. es

    exeba lazebisa da misi mezobeli tomebis gansaxlebas, laze-

    bis qalaqebisa da cixeebis daxasiaTebas Tu sparseTis jaris

    salaSqro marSrutebis aRwerilobas petrasTan dakavSirebiT~

    (iqve, gv. 42). Semdeg g. grigolias mohyavs prokofis cnobebi

    lazikis gansaxlebasTan dakavSirebiT: - ,,prokofi kesarieli

    Sromis im nawilSi, sadac saubaria xosros mier q. petrasa da

    Semdeg romaelTa (dagisTes xelmZRvanelobiT) da sparsTa (merm-

    eroes sardlobiT) jarebis axali koncentraciis Sesaxeb, iZl-

    eva cnobebs mdinare boasis, lazTa dasaxlebuli adgilebis

    (maTi qalaqebisa da cixe-qalaqebis) Sesaxeb: ,,...boasi, amieridan

    fasisad wodebuli, ganagrZobs mdinarebas naosnobisaTvis ga-

    mosadegi vidre evqsinad wodebul zRvamde, sadac misi SesarTavia,

    da mis orive mxriT lazike aris. magram marjvniv mTeli is

    qveyana did manZilze, vidre iberiis sazRvrebamde, dasaxlebu-

    lia adgilobrivi mcxovreblebiT, lazTa soflebi xom aq yve-

    la mdebareobs mdinaris aqeTa napiras da qalaqebic maT ZvelT-

    aganve aq auSenebiaT, maT Soris aris arqeopolisi Zalian gam-

    agrebuli, sevastopolic aris aq da pituintis simagrec, xolo

    skanda da sarapani-iberiis sazRvrebisaken, yvelaze SesaniSnavi

    qalaqebi ki mainc aris aq rodopolisi da moxirisi. mdinaris

    marcxniv, iseT manZilze, romelsac erT dReSi gaivlis msubu-

    qad datvirTuli kaci, lazikis sazRvrebia, xolo es mxare

    mosaxleobas moklebuli Cans, am mxaris mezoblad romaelebi

    cxovroben, romelTac pontoelebi ewodebaT, lazikis miwa-wy-

    alze, im adgilas, sadac adamianebs arasodes ar ucxovriaT,

    iustiniane mefem Cems dros qalaqi petra gaaSena~- wers prokofi

    kesarierli. g. grigolia ganagrZobs - md. fasisis napirebze

    lazebis disproporciuli gansaxlebis aseTive suraTs iZleva

    prokofis Sromis sxva adgilic, sadac saubaria evqsinis

  • 47

    pontospira xalxebsa da maT mezoblebze: ,,...zogierTebi am-

    boben (gulisxmoben esqiles, herodotes), rom aq fasisi orad

    hyofs xmeleTs. Camomdinare wylis marcxniv aris azia, xolo

    marjvniv evropad iwodeba. evropis nawilSia lazTa yvela

    sabinadro adgili, xolo meore nawilSi moxseniebis Rirsi

    arc raime qalaqi aqvT lazebs, arc simagre da arc daba, garda

    imisa, rom romaelebma iq petra aaSenes winaT~, rogorc vxedavT,

    prokofis Sromis aq moyvanili orive adgili Sinaarsobrivad

    erTgvarovania da Zalze saintereso, mravalferovan informa-

    cias iZleva lazikis istoriisa da gansakuTrebiT, istoriuli

    geografiisaTvis. aq saubaria lazikis samxreT sazRvarze, cixe-

    qalaqTa gvarobaze, maT ganlagebaze, mosaxleobis gansaxleba-

    ze da sxv. magram, samwuxarod, rogorc fiqroben, swored Sro-

    mis es nawilia e.w. ,,SecdomebiTa~ da urTierTsawinaaRmdego

    debulebebiT savse, rac prokofisadmi da saerTod, berZen mwer-

    alTa cnobebisadmi skeptikurad ganawyobs mkvlevarTa did

    nawils. akad. s. yauxCiSvilis azriT, ,,es cnobebi bevrgan areulia,

    erTimeores ar eTanxmeba, an Cvens Tanamedrove saistorio mwer-

    lobaSi Semowmebuli araa~. akad. n. berZeniSvili misTvis dam-

    axasiaTebeli mTeli siRrme-siganiT ixilavs adrebizantiuri

    xanis lazikis istoriis sakiTxebs da saerTod, ndobas ucxa-

    debs prokofis cnobebs saqarTvelos rom exeba, magram sakama-

    To adgilebis Sesaxeb SeniSnavs, rom, rogorc ,,Cans (prokofi)

    StabSi warmodgenil moxsenebis safuZvelze adgens Tavis

    moTxrobas da erTimeoreSi urevs cnobebs...~ da iqve migvi-

    TiTebs, rom meti sifrTxiliT movekidoT berZen mweralTa

    cnobebs. CvenTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs d. musx-

    eliSvilis, rogorc istoriuli geografiis wamyani special-

    istis, Sexedulebas prokofi kesarielis cnobebis raoba-Rire-

    bulebis Sesaxeb, miT ufro, rom igi sagangebod Cerdeba moyva-

  • 48

    nili cnobebis saCoTiro adgilebze da mas Semdeg, rac ndobas

    ucxadebs prokofi kesariels, rogorc kompetentur istoriko-

    ss, iqve dasZens, rom ,,rionis marcxena napiris sruli dausax-

    leblobis Sesaxeb misi azri Secdoma unda iyos~-o, rasac faq-

    tiuri masaliT adasturebs. Tumca iqve dasZens, rom ,,prokofi

    kesarielis zemoxsenebul Cvenebebze damyarebuli warmodgena

    marcxena rionispireTis dausaxleblobis Sesaxeb adrebizan-

    tiur xanaSi, faqtiurad, SesaZlebelia am CvenebaTa araswori

    interpretaciis Sedegi iyos~-o, raSic SeuZlebelia ar daveT-

    anxmoT pativcemul avtors wers g. grigolia da ganagrZobs:

    rogorc ukve iTqva, Cveni azriT, mTavari Secdoma is aris, rom

    prokofiseuli boas-fasisi arasworadaa gaigivebuli rion-yvi-

    rilasTan. prokofis cnobiT, fasisis marjvena napirze ,,mTeli

    is qveyana did manZilze vidre iberiis sazRvrebamde dasaxle-

    bulia adgilobrivi mcxovreblebiT~, Tuki fasisi rionia, rogorc

    es amJamad aris miRebuli, sruliad gaugebaria, ra unda rionis

    marjvniv iberiis sazRvrebs; rogorc antikuri, ise bizantiuri

    da momdevno xalxebisaTvis aseTi sazRvrebis Zieba rionis

    marjvena napirze uazrobaa. ra mimarTulebiTac ar unda wavi-

    deT, ramdenic ar unda viaroT, rionis marjvena sanapiroze,

    verc erT wertilSi iberiis sazRvrebs ver mivadgebiT, miT

    ufro, viciT, rom prokofisave araerTgzisi CvenebiT aseTi

    sasazRvro xazi, xsenebuli droisaTvis, skanda-SorapanTan ga-

    dis. es pirdapir aris miTiTebuli prokofis cnobis im nawil-

    Si, sadac saubaria fasisis marjvena napiras gaSenebul qalaqe-

    bze da cixeebze: ,,maT Soris aris arqeopolisi, Zalian gamagre-

    buli, sevastopolic aris aq da pitiuntis simagrec, xolo skanda

    da sarapani - iberiis sazRvrebisaken, yvelaze SesaniSnavi qalaqe-

    bi ki mainc aq rodopolisi da moxirisia~. rogorc cnobilia,

    rodopolisi Tanamedrove varcixea rionisa da yvirila-xanisw-

  • 49

    ylis SesarTavTan, moxiriss ki dablagomTan varaudoben. e.i.

    orive es qalaqi rionis marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobs, rom

    araferi vTqvaT skandasa da Sorapanze. prokofis cnobis mixed-

    viT ki, isini md. fasisis marjvena sanapirozea miTiTebuli.

    aqac aSkara Seusabamobaa fasis-rionis mimarT. jer kidev ius-

    tinianes novelebis avtormac icis, rom arqeopolisi da ro-

    dopolisi, udidesi da Zveli simagreebia~, xolo Semdeg prokofi

    kesarieli pirdapir miuTiTebs da xazs usvams, rom yvelaze

    SesaniSnavi qalaqebi ki mainc aris aq rodopolisi da moxiri-

    si~. yovelive es icis prokofim, ufro sworad, misma informa-

    torma, magram, Tu es fasisi rionia, maSin Secdomas uSvebs, roca

    maT mdinaris marjvena napiris qalaqebad miiCnevs, rac nakle-

    bad sarwmunoa. aqac iseTive daskvna unda gakeTdes, rogoric

    lazika-iberiis sazRvrebTan dakavSirebiT miviReT: kerZod, am

    etapze prokofis fasisi rioni ar aris wers g. grigolia. is

    agrZelebs - sakiTxiT dainteresebul mkvlevarebs gansakuTre-

    biT aRelvebT prokofis cnobis is adgili, sadac saubaria md.

    fasisis marcxena sanapiroze, romelic ,,mosaxleobas moklebu-

    li Cans da am nawilSi arc raime qalaqi aqvT lazebs, arc

    simagre da arc daba moxseniebis Rirsi~. Tu prokofiseuli

    fasisi Tanamedrove rionia, saqme exeba imereTis did nawils,

    mTel guriasa da aWaras, e.i. istoriuli kolxeTis saukeTeso

    nawils, sadac, rogorc ukanaskneli drois arqeologiuri Zie-

    bis Sedegebi mowmoben, aRmocendnen adreantikuri da elinis-

    turi xanis qalaquri centrebi: vani, dabla gomi, fasisi, fi-

    Wvnari da afsarosi~ (g. grigogolia, egris-lazikis samefos

    saistorio problemebi~, 1994, gv. 32).

    g. grigolias am vrceli amonarididan Cans, rom is am SemTx-

    vevaSi ar eTanxmeba gavrcelebul Tvalsazriss, rom varcixe

    aris rodopolisi, radganac, prokofis cnobiT rodopolisi

  • 50

    mdebareobda fasisis marjvena sanapiroze (iseve, rogorc skan-

    da da sarapani, xolo varcixe rionis marjvena sanapiroze ar

    mdebareobs, maSasadame rodopolisic sxvaganaa saZebni, albaT

    Woroxis xeobaSi). Sorapanzec igive iTqmis. prokofis sarapana

    fasisis marjvniv mdebareobda, rac Seexeba zestafonis Sora-

    pans, is rionis Senakad yvirilas marjvnivac ki ar mdebareobs,

    aramed Zirulas marjvniv.

    g. grigolia daaskvnis - ,,erTi sityviT prokofis yvela cno-

    ba, rac gaugebari da urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa rion-fasisTan

    kavSirSi, savsebiT naTeli da logikuria fasis-WoroxTan mima-

    rTebaSi~ (iqve, gv. 53).

    xolo sparseT-petras gzasTan dakavSirebiT wers - ,,prokofi

    kesarieli petras yovelTvis md. fasisTan kavSirSi ixseniebs

    da misi niSandoblivi lokalizacia mxolod da mxolod fa-

    sisTan mimarTebaSi aris SesaZlebeli...~ (iqve, gv. 55). md. fasisi

    ki Woroxia, sparselTa omebi mis xeobaSi imarTeboda. aq gadio-

    da is mniSvnelovani gza, romelic petras dvinTan akavSirebda.

    sparseTis Sahi klarjeTis gzaze

    mefe xosro ramdenjerme gaemarTa lazikaSi petras cixe-

    simagris asaRebad, aseve sparseTidan petrasaken ramdenjerme

    gaemgzavra sparsTa jarebi sxva mTavarsardlebis meTaurobiT.

    prokofi kesarieli aRwers maT gzas, rogorc erTi, ise meore

    mimarTulebiT, magaliTad sparsTa jarebma petrasTan cxare

    SebrZolebis Semdeg ukan daixies da dabrundnen TavianT dasas-

    venebel qveyanaSi (banakebSi), sadac saerTod isini izamTrebd-

    nen, aRidgendnen Zalebs da ukanve, petrasTan brundebodnen.

    aseTi adgili yofila persarmeniaSi q. dvini da maT garSemo

    soflebi, romelTac CamoTvlis kidec prokofi. saerTod is

  • 51

    wers sparsTa gzis Sesaxeb, kerZod isini sparseTidan jer Se-

    diodnen persarmeniaSi, Semdeg ki iberiis raRac nakveTis gav-

    lis Semdeg _ lazikaSi.

    SebrZolebebi petrasTan iyo pirvelxarisxovani saqme spars-

    Ta mefisaTvis, amitomac is brZolisunarianobis SenarCunebis

    mizniT sparseTidan petrasaken yvelaze mokle da amave dros

    uxifaTo gziT waiyvanda Tavis jarebs, es bunebrivia, jari das-

    venebuli unda yofiliyo. da amave dros axlos momaragebis

    wyarosTan, e.i. persarmeniasTan da aseve iberiasTan, romelic

    sparsTa mier iyo dapyrobili. maSasadame xosrom Tavisi jarebi

    dvinidan petrasken waiyvana yvelaze mokle gziT. romelia es

    gza? Tu Zvel rukebs davxedavT, SevamCnevT, rom dvini-petras

    SemaerTebel yvelaze mokle gzebs unda gaevloT qarTlis

    provinciebi kola-artaani, klarjeTi, Woroxis xeoba, Semdegdroin-

    deli arTvini da Woroxis gayolebiT uSualod miadgebodnen

    petras. es gzebi, amJamadac ki, erTaderTni arian am mxareSi.

    saqme isaa, rom dvin-kola-artaansa da klarjeTs Soris zRvis

    donidan 2500-3000 metrze aRmarTulia qedi arsiani. amJamadac,

    arsianis qedze gadis ori mTavari gza _ romelic q. artaans

    aerTebs q. artanujTan (klarjeTSi) da q. arTvinTan (Woroxze),

    erTi ufro CrdiloeTiTaa, meore samxreTiT.

    vfiqrobT, rom xosrom isargebla artaan _ artanujis dakav-

    Sirebuli gziT, radganac es ufro moklea pirvelTan Sedare-

    biT, Tanac ufro naklebi dabrkolebebia masze.

    q. artaani da artaanis provincia uSualod emezobleba

    eruSeTs da samcxis provinciebs (e.i. iyo istoriuli iberia)

    da is marTlac Zevs persarmeniasa (anis-dvinis qveyanasa) da

    klarjeT-lazikas Soris.

    artaan-artanuj-arTvinis SemaerTebeli gza, rogorc vTqviT,

    gaivlida arsianis qeds, romlis uReltexili mdebareobs zRvis

  • 52

    donidan 2687 m. simaRleze. mis axlos axlac mdebareobs sofe-

    li `kandridi~. es sityva `kandr~ Zalze gvagonebs prokofi

    kesarielis mier aRweril cnobas, rom iberiasa da lazikas

    Soris mdebareobda ` skandas~ cixe (kand _ skand). aRsaniSnavia,

    rom arsianis am uReltexilTan axlo Zveli cixe-simagrea,

    romelsac, amJamad, ` qinZis cixe~ ewodeba. Cveni azriT fuZe ` qinZ~

    da ` skand~ aseve etimologiurad axloa erTmaneTTan (kind(Z) _

    skand). prokofis aRweridan viciT, rom skandas cixis axlomax-

    lo ar modioda mosavali, iyo Zalze mTiani imdenad, rom aq

    venaxi ar xarobda da Rvinoc ar hqondaT. cnobilia, rom sabWo-

    Ta epoqis istorikosebi prokofis mier aRweril skandas cixed

    miiCnevdnen Terjolis raionSi amJamadac arsebul `skandes~.

    sakuTari TvaliT gvinaxavs, rom Terjolis skande mdebareobs

    samiwaTmoqmedo ubanSi, radgan modis yovelgvari saxis mosava-

    li da cxadia xarobs venaxic, xolo arsianis qedze 2600 metrze

    mdebare qinZotamalis anu `qinZis cixe~ namdvilad identuria

    prokofis mier aRwerili umosavlo da pirquS regionTan.

    rogorc Cans aqve iyo meore cixec _ sarapa


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