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11
Distributed Middleware for Container Transport: Lessons
Learned (Klaas Thoelen, Sam Michiels, Wouter Joosen)
7th MiNEMA Workshop August 21, 2008 - Lappeenranta, Finland
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Context
• Authorized Economic Operator
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can help to automate the supply chain
• Heterogenic, dynamic and mobile WSNs need middleware support
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Overview
Context
1. Scope
2. Middleware Architecture
3. Prototype implementation
4. Discussiona. EPC Network
b. 6LoWPAN
5. Conclusion
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Scope
• 1 company divided over multiple sites:• harbor dock, airport terminal, warehouse, …
• Each site deploys a WSN
• Different sites - different WSNs
• Central database: used for transport and resource planning
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Challenges
1. End-to-end interoperability
2. External data exchange
3. Heterogeneity of data and messaging formats
4. Intermittent network connection of sensor nodes
5. Inter-network mobility of sensor nodes
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Overview
Context
1. Scope
2. Middleware Architecture
3. Prototype
4. Discussiona. EPC Network
b. 6LoWPAN
5. Conclusion
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Distributed Middleware
• Distributed: multi-tiered
• Middleware: vertical set of service layersWSN Gateway Backend Internet
App. Specific Services
Distribution Services
Common Services
Application
WarehouseData Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Web Service
Internet
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Warehouse
Data Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Harbor dock
Base station
Internet
Sensing AggregationAggregation
App. SpecificServices
Distribution Services
Common Services
ApplicationMonitoring Monitoring Monitoring
Persistence
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9Challenge 1: End-to-end interoperability
Warehouse
Data Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Harbor dock
Base station
Internet
Sensing AggregationAggregation
App. SpecificServices
Distribution Services
Common Services
Reliable Messaging Reliable Messaging Message queue Message queue
ApplicationMonitoring Monitoring Monitoring
Persistence
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10Challenge 2: External data exchange
Warehouse
Data Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Harbor dock
Base station
Web Service
Internet
Sensing AggregationAggregation
App. SpecificServices
Distribution Services
Common Services
Reliable Messaging Reliable Messaging Message queue Message queue
ApplicationMonitoring Monitoring Monitoring
Persistence
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11Challenge 3: Heterogeneity of data and messaging formats
Warehouse
Data Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Harbor dock
Base station
Web Service
Internet
Sensing Conversion AggregationAggregation
App. SpecificServices
Distribution Services
Common Services
Reliable Messaging Reliable Messaging Message queue Message queue
ApplicationMonitoring Monitoring Monitoring
Persistence
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12Challenge 4: Intermittent network connection of sensor nodes
Warehouse
Data Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Harbor dock
Base station
Web Service
Internet
Sensing Conversion AggregationAggregation
Caching
App. SpecificServices
Distribution Services
Common Services
Reliable Messaging Reliable Messaging Message queue Message queue
Connectivity
ApplicationMonitoring Monitoring Monitoring
Persistence
Advertising
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13Challenge 5: Inter-network mobility of sensor nodes
Warehouse
Data Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Harbor dock
Base station
Web Service
Internet
Sensing Conversion AggregationAggregation
Caching
App. SpecificServices
Distribution Services
Common Services
Reliable Messaging Reliable Messaging Message queue Message queue
AdvertisingConnectivity
ApplicationMonitoring Monitoring Monitoring
Persistence
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Warehouse
Data Base
ServerApplication
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend
Harbor dock
Base station
Web Service
Internet
Sensing RSSI measurement Conversion AggregationLocalizationAggregation
Caching
App. SpecificServices
Distribution Services
Common Services
Encryption Logging Encryption Authentication Logging Authentication Logging Persistence
Reliable Messaging Reliable Messaging Message queue Message queue
AdvertisingConnectivity
ApplicationMonitoring Monitoring Monitoring
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Overview
Context
1. Scope
2. Middleware Architecture
3. Prototype
4. Discussiona. EPC Network
b. 6LoWPAN
5. Conclusion
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Prototype
Site A
Site Z
Base station
Derby DB
Java EEApplication
GatewayJava EE
App. Client
Web ServiceJAX-WS
Base station
GatewayJava EE
App. Client
WSN Gateway Backend Internet
GlassFishJMS
JMS
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Overview
Context
1. Scope
2. Middleware Architecture
3. Prototype
4. Discussiona. EPC Network
b. 6LoWPAN
5. Conclusion
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Discussion
• More realistic: server & database per site
Harbor dock
Warehouse
Base station
Data Base
ServerApplication Web Service
Base station
WSN Gateway Backend Internet
Data Base
ServerApplication Web Service
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EPC Network
• Architectural framework for an integrated supply chain using RFID technology
• EPC = Electronic Product Code – Unique identifier of an object– Stored in RFID tags– a key to retrieve information about this object
EPC: 01 . 0000A89 . 00016F . 000169DC0
Header EPC Manager
Object Class
Serial Number
URL: 00016F.0000A89.sgtin.id.onsepc.com
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EPC Network
Based on figure in ‘Enhancing Information Flow in a Retail Supply Chain Using RFID and the EPC Network: A Proof-of-Concept Approach’ by S.F. Wamba and H. Boeck in JTAER Vol.3 Issue 1
RFID readers
EPC Middleware
EPC-IS
Data Base
Enterprise Applications
Local ONS
Root ONS
RFID readers
EPC Middleware
EPC-IS
Data Base
Enterprise Applications
Local ONS
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EPC Network
Based on figure in ‘Enhancing Information Flow in a Retail Supply Chain Using RFID and the EPC Network: A Proof-of-Concept Approach’ by S.F. Wamba and H. Boeck in JTAER Vol.3 Issue 1
RFID readers
EPC Middleware
EPC-IS
Data Base
Enterprise Applications
Local ONS
Root ONS
WSN
Gateway
Backend Server
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EPC Network
• Object Name System standard still in progress:– retrieval of information at all forwarders involved– instance level data
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Overview
Context
1. Scope
2. Middleware Architecture
3. Prototype
4. Discussiona. EPC Network
b. 6LoWPAN
5. Conclusion
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Discussion
• What about direct querying an individual sensor node?– Either leverage on ONS– Or exploit the possibilities provided by IPv6
• IPv6:– Larger address space (128 bits instead of 32 bits)– Better support for mobility– But considered too memory- and bandwidth intensive
for WSNs!!!
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6LoWPAN• Extends IPv6 to Low power Wireless
Personal Area Networks
IEEE802.15.4 PHY layer
IEEE802.15.4 MAC layer
6LoWPAN Adaptation layer
IPv6
UDP/TCP/...
Default in WSNs(TinyOS, Sun SPOTS, ...)
By default too memory- and bandwidth-intensive
for WSNsEnables efficient transmission
of IPv6 datagrams over 802.15.4 links
• By providing: - Header compression
- Fragmentation
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6LoWPAN
TCP/UDP
6LoWPAN
WSN Gateway Backend/Internet
Application
Transport
Network
PHY + MAC
IPv6
TCP/UDP
802.3
Middleware + App
proprietary
proprietary
802.15.4
Middleware + App
proprietary
proprietary
802.15.4
Middleware + App
IPv6
TCP/UDP
802.3
Application
Transport
Network
PHY + MAC
IPv6
TCP/UDP
802.3
Middleware + App
IPv6
802.15.4802.15.4
Middleware + App
IPv6
802.3
6LoWPANIPv6
End-node reachability without proxy gateway
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Overview
Context
1. Scope
2. Middleware Architecture
3. Prototype
4. Discussiona. EPC Network
b. 6LoWPAN
5. Conclusion
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Conclusion
End-to-end middleware supporting monitoring of transport containers:
– Still far from trivial: heterogeneity (WSN, gateways, backend), resource-constraints of sensor nodes
– Feasible: using state-of-the-art software components, through initiatives like EPC Network and 6LoWPAN and new generation of sensor nodes
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Questions?
Thank you!