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A Basic Overview
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Nonverbal communication evolved long before language.
• grunts, , clicks, mouth sounds, vocal inflection
• Earliest languages were the “click” languages
Animals rely on nonverbal communication
• dogs growl, show their teeth• cats purr• horse’s put their ears back
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Nonverbal communication is an infant’s first form of communication.
• Infants rely on touch, sound, smell
• “motherese” sing-song pitch variation (vocalics)
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In most cases, if you are talking you are aware of it.
People choose their words (though, not always carefully)
Nonverbal is less mindful• blushing, fidgeting
Cussing in words versus sounds
• “Oh s#%*!” vs. “Aaagghhh!”• Swearing actually increases
pain tolerance
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nonverbal communication can be highly conscious and strategic
• Food server touch and tip size• Husbands do the dishes as
“foreplay.”• Mirroring behavior in retail sales
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People have an innate capacity for language, but it must be learned.
• Feral children• Identical twins
Reading and writing must be taught, learned.
• Complete illiteracy is always just one generation away.
Nonverbal communication is partly learned, partly instinctive
There are some universal nonverbal cues (smiling, laughing, crying)
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Nonverbal is the primary channel for communicating emotion.
Nonverbal cues convey the relationship dimension in an interaction
• Content dimension• Relationship dimension
What inferences could you reliably make based on the nonverbal cues of these two people?
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Nonverbal behavior is perceived to be more genuine, authentic
• the eyes are the “window to the soul.”
• Bush about Putin, “I looked the man in the eye. I was able to get a sense of his soul.”
People presume that nonverbal cues
• are more spontaneous• are less intentional• operate at a lower level
of awareness
Nonverbal primacy• When there is a perceived
conflict between a verbal and nonverbal message, listeners assign more weight to the nonverbal message.
• The majority of the affective (emotional meaning) of a message is conveyed nonverbally.
• The majority of the “relational meaning” of a message is conveyed nonverbally.
• But not always…
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