A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON3D CADASTRAL DEVELOPMENT
MILA KOEVA , ROHAN BENNETT, JAAP ZEVENBERGEN
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES
27-30SEPTEMBER 2016 - ANTALYA/TURKEY
"SPATIAL DATA PROCESSING, MODELLING, ANALYSING AND MANAGEMENT FOR KNOWLEDGE
BASED SYSTEMS"
Trends
3D cadastre – why?
Usefulness of 3D cadastre
3D cadastre concepts
No fully operating cadastre – why?
3D data
3D cadastre status
3D cadastre future
CONTENT
TRENDS
The world is changing…
Fast technological development
Automation of most of the cadastral
tasks is inevitable
Sensors everywhere (on the parcels) – BIG DATA
Crowd sourcing – we all can provide data as well
Typical work of the surveyors – replaced by cadastrobots
Surveyors - managers, leaders and advisors
Temporal aspect (4D)
http://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2015/pres/bennett_int_ppt.pdf
To address the trends
Global ubanization
Complexity of the new structures
and related RRRs
Buildings within other buildings
Constructions above or bellow roads
(tunnels, bridges)
Telecommunication and electric
utilities on land ownership
Overlapping private properties
3D CADASTRE – WHY?
The 2D approach is not so efficient in complex,
modern structures and also it’s hardly understandable.
By providing 3D representation of the RRRs with corresponding legal and
phisical boundaries 3D cadastre can be very useful for:
Urban planning
Property management
Real estate management
Urban facility management
Disaster management
Noise emission mapping
Navigation, public, safety…
USEFULNESS OF 3D CADASTRE
3D land and property information users
What is Full 3D cadaster?
Introduce concept of 3D
property rights
3D space divided into
volumes without overlaps or gaps
Changes needed to legal basis
and transaction protocols
3D CADASTRE CONCEPTS
Hybrid
Register 3D physical objects within the 2D
parcels(legal registration)
Exact legal situation is derived from the
official documents
Classical with references
Preserve 2D cadastre with external
references to representations of digital 3D
situations
Various implementations: tag 3D situations in
cadastre or to add a reference to a 3D digital
descriptions (e.g. CAD file)
Microstation for visualisation of 3D geo-objects stored in DBMS
(van Oosterom, Stoter, Ploeger, Thompson, & Karki, 2011)
A VRML representation of 2D cadastral data and 3D object in DBMS
What about 4D Cadastre?
Although many activities and studies have been done for 3D
cadaster, there is no fully operating 3D cadaster in the
world
Why?
Because of the cultural and historical differences which
influence the technical, legal and institutional aspects of
land registration.
NO FULLY OPERATING CADASTRE – WHY?
(van Oosterom, Stoter, Ploeger, Thompson, & Karki, 2011)
Technical aspects
3D Data acquisition techniques
Laser scanning (airborne and terrestrial)
Digital imagery (aircraft, UAV and terrestrial)
Mobile mapping systems
NO FULLY OPERATING CADASTRE – WHY?
Cloud
Apps
3D, 4D, 5D etc.
3D CADASTRE
Legal and institutional aspects
3D Cadastre is only possible when the juridical framework provides the possibility
to establish volume parcels and 3D properties.
Norway and Sweden have passed the laws for proper registration of 3D parcels
Denmark, Israel, Greece and other European countries already has some
systems for registration of 3D geo-objects and properties in Cadastre.
The gap between technical development and legal basis should be closed!
3D DATA
Collection
Management
Visualisation
&
Analysis
Sharing
www. esri.com
Data collection - challenges
• Formats
• Quality
• Availability
• Metadata
• Update
• Automatization
“BIG DATA”
3D DATA
Visualisation – users, purposes
Analysis – geoprocessing opportunities
Management – editing, storing, pricing
Sharing – use, publishing, dessimination (eg.Google Earth)
3D DATA
(Mao, 2010)
3D spacial database, management and storing (3D geometry, topology and validation should be concidered) (3DCityDB)
3D SDI
3D CADASTRE STATUS Regitered 3D real-world situations:
Australia, Canada, Croatia, China, Cyprus,
Finland, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Israel,
Sweden, Malaysia, and Portugal.
3D properties that are related to physical constructions:
Australia, Sweden, China.
Height information (Z) in cadastre:
Poland, Hungary, China, Costa Rica, Malaise, Serbia, Singapore.
RRR: In most countries the responcibility for registration helds by land registry
(Exceptions are Singapour – cad agencies and Sweden - cadastre)
Digital cadastre database:
Partly in China, Australia.
In Germany and Croatia it is closely aligned with LADM.
FIG 3D cadstre questionaire, 2014-2018
www. esri.com
3D CADASTRE STATUS
3D information on cadastre plans: Australia Queensland, Canada, China,
Germany, Sweden, Malaysia
Display vertical profiles: Quebec, Canada, trinidad and Tobaco
Validation: most jurisdictions perform manual or visual
validation of the survey plans
Usage of BIM for 3D cadastre:
mostly is considered as uture work,
only seen in Costa Rica
Dessimination of 3D data via web:
Quebec, Canada, Brazil, Cina, Croatia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany
Formats: DXF, 3D pdf, sketch up, KML, 3DS, CityGML, 3D shapes, VRML etc.
FIG 3D cadstre questionaire, 2014-2018
“Building a Nationwide 3D Model of the Netherlands”
National height model AHN and topographic data TOP10NL
The challenges: How to create semantically correct 3D
landscape model and how to handle with huge data processing
2011 Netherlands developed national standard on
3D geo-information “3D standard NL”
More than 65 private, public, scientific
organizations collaborated
Many data supliers provided their 2D and
3D data (point clouds, panoramas, topographic
and terrestrial datasets)
2013 Netherlands accepted 3D pdf in cadastre.
3D data is expensive and should be shared effectively.
(J.Storter, S.O.Elberink)
Netherlands
3D CADASTRE STATUS
Istanbul
Kayseri
Mardin
Nevşehir-Cappadocia)
New building data model CityGML-TRKBIS.BI (provides integration between
national model and international City GML standard was proposed)
Turkey
Ates Aydar, S., Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Demir Ozbek, E., & Yomralioglu, T. (2016).
http://wcadastre.org/files/handouts/114.pdf
The need for 3D Cadastre was reported in 2011
Fatih Doner, Osman Demir and Cemal Biyik
Looking forward to understand more…
3D CADASTRE STATUS
Development of 3D/4D geo-information systems
Innovations in visualisation of 3D data (web-based, augmented reality,
intaractivity etc.)
3D SDBMS – including 2D and 3D data and developing dimention-
independent topological and geometrical models
Still remaining questions?
What is the best methods to be used for successful implementation of 3D
Cadastre?
How to maintain the 3D data?
3D CADASTRE FUTURE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !