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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Your Voice
Elizabeth Savina
Speech Pathologist, Brisbane Voice Clinic
Choir Leader & Voice Coach, Exploring Voice
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Body Warm-Ups
•Stretch torso to the four points
•Self Hug
•Rotate on hips and shimmy
•Stamp the feet
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Let’s make some noise! You’ve just:
•Seen something gorgeous Oooooo Pretty!•Been given a tricky problem Uuuuuuummmmmmm•Heard about a friend’s disappointment: Oooooh
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•A good friend has made fun of you
Ehhhhhh!
•Been told something astonishing
•Really?
•But you don’t believe it
Really?
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•It’s true and it’s gonna be a lot of work
Aiyaiyai!!!!
•But you don’t want your boss to hear your discontent
Aiyaiyai!!!!
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We all have great (unconscious) control of •Pitch
•Loudness
•Timbre Conscious control can help us develop different parts of our singing voice.
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
What are we going to cover?
•Bit of anatomy/movements of the larynx• Experiment a lot with our voices•Registers, onsets, larynx height
•How to deal with tricky parts of your voice – and strengthen the voice•Health Benefits of singing •Vocal Care
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AKA Voicebox,Open at rest for breathingJOBSClose off airway - when food and drink is
going past- brace for strenuous
activity- as part of freeze-
>fight/flightVocalise
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
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Pitch – thickness and tensionStroboscopy Male: High thin, Low thick. VF open for Breathing
Stroboscopy Female
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Hi-Speed Digital Imaging Low to high pitch with Voice Break
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Play Time!!!!!!!
•Vocal Register•Glottal Fry, Chest Voice, Head Voice
•How to start the voice•Glottal, Smooth, Breathy
•Larynx Height•Low, Mid, High
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Vocal Register Dominant in
Glottal Fry (M0): Touches in
rock/blues/jazz/soul
Chest Voice
/(M1)/Thick vocal
folds/
Most Rock, Soul, Blues,
Some pop
Uh OhEy! (Laughingly indignant)
Head Voice/(M2)/Thin
vocal folds:
Classical, Some Jazz, Folk Sympathetic AwwwDawning Realisation
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Vocal Register
• Lots of research –large amount of definite uncertainty
• Many songs use both, or a mix.
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Chest Voice (M1) DominantSongs
Rock, Soul, Blues, Some Jazz an Folk
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Bad Romance – Lady Gaga (G#3)
Rah rah ah- ah- ah-a!Ro mah ro-mah-ma-aGaga oh-la-la-a!Want your bad romance
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Solid Rock (Bb3)
But they were standin' on - solid rock Standing o-on sacred grou-oundLiving o-on borrowed ti-i-i-imeAnd the winds of change were blowing cold that night
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Rolling in the Deep (E4) Adele
There's a fire starting in my heartReaching a fever pitch and it's bringing me out the darkFinally I can see you crystal clearGo ‘head and sell me out and I’ll lay your ship bare
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Banana Boat Song (F4)
Day-o, day-oDaylight come and me wan' go home(Repeat)
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Head Voice M2 DominantQuieter at lower pitches, Adds
Vibrato
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Ave Maria (D4)
Ave Maria Grazie Plena
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Ae Fond Kiss (per Eddie Reader)
Ae fond kiss and then we sever;Ae fareweel, and then for ever!Deep in heart rung tears I’ll pledge theeWarring signs and groans I’ll wage thee
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Sentimental Journey
Gonna take a sentimental journey
Gonna set my heart at ease
Gonna take a sentimental journey
Sentimental memories
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Type of Start Emotion In Song
Glottal Oi (indignant)Eh Oh (taken aback)
Single Ladies (Beyonce)
Smooth Ohhhhhhhhh(sympathetic)(realisation)
Ave Maria
Breathy Aren’t you going to invite me in?
Four Seasons in one Day – Even When you’re Feeling Warm
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Let’s Swap! – Developing your non-dominant
•Chest Voice: may need to drop the key of the song. •Use “uh oh”
•Head voice: • smooth start on a vowel or use : • Loose woof• y/n/ - helps get just right closure if you get breathy.
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Ae Fond Kiss (per Eddie Reader)
Ae fond kiss and then we sever;Ae fareweel, and then for ever!Deep in heart rung tears I’ll pledge theeWarring signs and groans I’ll wage thee
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Bad Romance – Lady Gaga (G#3)
Rah rah ah- ah- ah-a!Ro mah ro-mah-ma-aGaga oh-la-la-a!Want your bad romance
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
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Breathing
•Chest voice – less airflow/less lung volume
•Head voice – slightly more airflow/larger lung volume
•Belt: very minimal air required, needs have low lung volume.
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SPLAT Breath
•Singers Please Loosen Abdominal Tension
•Bring in, let go•S S S Sssssssssssssssssssssssh SH sh SH sh SH sh SHHHHHHH
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Pay attention to abs
Yoooo, Yoooo, YooooUh Oh, Uh Oh, Uh Oh
Yoooo Uh Oh Yooo Uh Oh
Uh oh Yooo Uh oh
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Chest voice dominant singers
•Adele
•The Waifs
•The Stiff Gins
•Indigo Girls
• John Farnham
•Mark Seymour –Hunters and Collectors
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Head Voice (Dominant) Singers
•Doris Day
•Sandy Denny
•Norah Jones
•Eddie Reader
•John Martyn•John Denver•The Bee Gees
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What happens to voice box as we glide up and down in
pitch????
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Larynx Height
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Larynx Height
•Low – sob/dark/dawning realisation: Classical, Opera, Soul, some Rock
•Medium – normal speaking range: Rock/MT/Folk
•High – Twang, excited, bright: Some Pop
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Let’s play Single Ladies
Ave Maria Banana Boat Song
High
Middle
Low
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The Health Benefits of Singing
A Brief Overview
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Health Benefits of Singing
• Singing-like vocal exercises have improved swallowing in people with PD (> 1 hour/day 4days/week for 4 weeks) Sharkawi (2002)
• Immediate and longer term improvements to mood (even after 4 minutes in people who reported they don’t like singing) Sakano 2014, Fancourt 2016 Gale et al 2012
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Health Benefits of Singing
• Improves stability & loudness of voices of older Prakup B 2012
•Mild-Moderate Sleep Apnoea (20minutes/day)Hilton 2013
↓ Epworth Sleepiness Scale↓ Frequency of snoring
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Health Benefits of singing
Physiological Measures Fancourt (2016), Kreutz2004
•Generally ↓cortisol (solo and group)
•Variable effect on S–IgA•↓ β-endorphin and oxytocin
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Cautions
•Almost no randomized controlled trials
•Only 3 studies have looked at solo singing, everything else has been group
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“Good” Vibrations of Vocal Folds – Heal the Vocal Folds
(& may influence other cells in the body as well)
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Good Vibrations (Verdolini et al 2012)
•N=3 Vocal load task = 15 min loud talking, 5 minute rest x3 –> acute inflammation•Random -> •Spontaneous speech, •Rest •“Resonant Voice” (we will do in the 2nd half)
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Good Vibrations (Verdolini et al 2012)
•Pro-Inflammatory Mediator: interleukin (IL)-1β
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Getting the right closure
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•Under closure -> breathy, dry out, ↓volume
•Overclosure -> damage (e.g. nodules)without necessarily increase in volume
•Just Right Closure•~0.6‐0.7 mm
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Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract (SOVT)
Exercises
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Semi-occluded vocal tract SOVT (Andrade 2014)
•Narrowing downstream of the vocal folds OR•Lengthening of the vocal tract (straws) OR•Second source of vibration
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Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Exercises
•Long history in singing, theatre voice, voice therapy •2011 National Symposium in US•9+ articles in 2016
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SOVT (Verdolini 2011)
•↓↑closure of the vocal folds
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SOVT researched in Using
•Teachers•Elderly•Actors and singers•Patients, including benign lesions
•Acoustic
•Aerodynamic
•CT, MRI
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Different SOVT (Andrade 2014)
Narrowing/Lengthening
•m, n, ng•v, z, dʃ, w, y “woof”•Straw into air•HonkTend to be less effortful
2nd Source of Vibration
•Lip Trills•Tongue Trills•(Wide)Straw into water •Turkey Gobble (- ?massage)
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Let’s Have a Go
Hey now, hey now, don’t dream it’s over
Hey now, hey now, when the world comes in
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
What other changes occur? (Guzman et al 2016)
Tubes ↑diameter of the vocal tract
- Good for acoustics
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Narrower Straw -> wider vocal tract (Guzman et al 2016)
No Straw 5mm Straw 2.7mm Straw
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Lowering of the larynx (sometimes)(Guzman et al 2016)
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Aryepiglottic Narrowing (sometimes)(Guzman et al 2016)
Amplifies the formants/harmonics in 2-4000Hz rangeSounds Bright, a part of Twang, Opera, rural singing
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The End Goal – Resonant Voice
1) Feeling of effortlessness in throat
2) Buzz in Face/along hard palate and sometimes teeth
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Resonant Voice
Contrast loose and tight jaw
Start and stop to help yourself sense the vibrations
•My My My!
•Mmmmmm Siren
•Woaaaaaaah
•Ooooooo lower and upper sirens
•Normal straw
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
When would you use SOVT??
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SOVT are awesome for:
•Warm ups before >average speaking demands
•Warm ups & Cool Downs for singing
•Smoothing out the passagio – create “mixed register”
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SOVT are awesome for:
•Difficult phrases in songs (cross registers)
•To develop safe/efficient loudness
•Voice recovery
•Singing High
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Two Quick Useful Stretches
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Where is your tongue at rest?Are your teeth touching?
Tongue Stretch
Imagine a large dog suddenly starts snarling at you
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Wide Throat Stretch “Widening the false vocal folds”
Stretches the muscles that close the throat
Strengthens the muscles that open the throat
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Widening and Constricting the False Vocal Folds
Wide Constricted
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When are we prone to overclose?
•Nervousness –Freeze
•Increasing pitch/loudness
•When we are “trying hard”
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Siren on an SOVT
•Lip Trill (my favourite for lower ¾
•Pushed forward ‘ng’ for upper 3/4
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Golden Rule of Voice/Singing Exercises
5 reps without any irritation to voice
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*Dealing with Register Breaks/Tricky Phrases*
•Slow down to quarter speed
•Do 3-4 times using an SOVT
•Sing with the lyrics at quarter speed
•Gradually speed up
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© Elizabeth Savina 2017
Reach out I’ll be there (E4)
Reach out
I’ll be there to give you all the love you need
I’ll be there you can always count on me
I’ll be there to love and comfort you
I’ll be there to cherish and care for you
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Tricky Phrases (B3)
Speed bonny boat like a bird on the wing
Onward the sailors cry
Carry the lad that’s born to be king
Over the sea to sky
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You’re the Voice (F)
You’re the voice try and understand
Make a noise and make it clear Waoh->
We’re not going to sit in silence
We’re not going to live with fear Waoh->
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When doing through Straw
•Don’t try to be loud
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Honking (Schneider 2014)
•Nasty nasal twang Miaow, Riaow, Nyeh, Nyeh, Nyeh, Nyeh Nyeh•Replace all the syllables of the song with nyeh nyeh nyeh nyeh nyeh•Close off the nose (should sound different!) Mama Yu Weh
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Which SOVT is best for you???
•Narrower tubes, or into water →↑back pressure & changes
•Trial and discover
•All the singers benefited from at least one SOVT, but no single SOVT benefited all four singers. Dargin et al 2016
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Voice Care
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Why Steam?•Glands just above VF +
surface cells secrete
•Mucous dries out -> cycle of sticking, pushing
• If you can feel it, it is likely too dry.
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Why Steam?
•FASTEST way to add moisture to SURFACE of the vocal tract
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My Clinical Experience
•Could be the one thing a patient needs (20%)
•Makes a significant difference (50%)
•No huge difference (30%)
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So What’s Going On?
General Hydration
Humidity(aircon?) Voice Use
Medications
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The Research: e.g. Tanner et al 2016
•Previous studies of nebulised sterile water •No change to PTP
•Current and prior studies of Nebulised Isotonic Saline• ↓PTP (in some), ↓ vocal effort, ↓ mouth
and throat dryness, ↑vocal quality –acoustic Ax
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Another thought
•Another benefit of “steaming” may be the warmth -> Muscle relaxation & increased blood flow
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So??????
•Nebulised isotonic saline is not yet standard recommendation – should be discussed with ENT
• Still worth experimenting with steam, if you think your throat is dry
•Caution: any lung conditions –see your doctor!
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Easy Ways to Steam
•Use a thermos or a mug
•~900 Celsius•(Note if water is hot
enough to steam it is too hot to drink!)
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Caffeine & Voice(Hartley et al 2014)
•Caffeine 250mg-480mg – no changes to acoustic, perceptual, PTP
Caffeine Doses•Expressso 47-75mg•Instant: 27-175mg•Black tea: 14-70mg•Green tea: 24-45mg
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BUT: Reflux!!!
•Acid & Pepsin of stomach -> larynx and pharynx = Larngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) • →tissue damage
•Pepsin becomes active in acidic environment
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Managing Reflux
•Alkaline water of pH 8.8 breaks down pepsin Kouffman (2012)
•PPIs controversial for long term use e.g. O’Neil 2013
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1-2 Ear Plugs in a Noisy Environment (Verdolini 2011)
•Say 3 sentences to person 3 rows in front•Now close off one ear•Not being able to hear yourself-> overclosure
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Good patient education.
•The Mayo Clinic•The Cleveland Clinic•John Hopkins
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Recap
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Recap
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Organisations
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BVA
Not on Vocal Hygiene Page of : The Voice Foundation
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Thankyou!Any Questions???
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A Couple of Extras
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Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) for LPR
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RSI
•Only 35% also have “heartburn”Franco 2015
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Managing Reflux Shaw (2010)
Sports Drinks Cochrane et al(2012)
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Managing Reflux Shaw (2010)
and Singing