Transcript
Page 1: A study of electrocution death in manipur

A study of electrocution deaths in Manipur

Presenter:- Dr Soreingam Ragui, PGTDr Kh. Pradipkumar Singh, DemonstratorDr Th. Meera, Associate ProfessorDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal

Page 2: A study of electrocution death in manipur

IntroductionElectrocution:- Passage of a substantial electrical current through the tissue which can cause skin lesions, organ damage and death

Injury and death from passage of an electric current through the body are common in both industrial and domestic circumstances.

Page 3: A study of electrocution death in manipur

INCIDENCE OF ELECTROCUTION DEATHS : Developed country like the US:- Consumer product associated electrocution) during 2002 to 2008 =432 deaths

Developing country like India (NCRB):- In 2008 = 8067 deathsIn 2009 = 8539 deaths i.e. 2.4 % of All Accidental deaths.

Page 4: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Aim of the study

To study the incidence of electrocution

deaths .

To detect the common source of

electrocution.

To study the pattern of injuries sustained.

Page 5: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Materials & methodsStudy design : Descriptive.Study period : Retrospective study from 1st

Jan 2007 to 31st Dec 2011(5 Yrs.).Materials : History, police papers and post

mortem reportsMethods : Analysis of the Medico legal

reports of 2463 cases brought for autopsy at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal during the said period.

Page 6: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Results

Page 7: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Fig 1. Year wise distribution of cases

YEARS

1.28 %

0.76%

0.5%

1.65%

1.18%

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Page 8: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Fig. 2 Age distribution

AGE0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1 to 10 yrs

11 to 20 yrs

21 to 30 yrs

31 to 40 yrs

41 to 50 yrs

51 & ABOVE

Page 9: A study of electrocution death in manipur

96%

4%

MALE FEMALE

Page 10: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Fig. 4 Place of occurrence

PLACE OF INCIDENT

32%

68%

HOUSE ROAD

Page 11: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Fig. 5 Causative agent

HIGH TENSION WIRE60%

HOME AP-PLIANCE

28%

WATER PUMP12%

Page 12: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Fig 6. Pattern of wounds

ENTRY WOUND EXIT WOUND0

10

20

30

40

50

60

HEAD AND NECK

LEFT HAND

RIGHT HAND

LEFT FOOT

RIGHT FOOT

CHEST

ABSENT

Page 13: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Fig 7. Type of electrical burn

TYPE OF BURN0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

FLASHJOULE

Page 14: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Fig 8 : Survival period

SURVIVAL PERIOD0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

IMMEDIATE 1 to 3 hrs AFTER ELECTROCUTION

Page 15: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Discussion

Page 16: A study of electrocution death in manipur

The widespread commercial utilization of electrical power has been associated with a rapid increase of both fatal and non fatal injuries.

In our study, male accounted for 92.30 % of the cases which is in consistence with the findings of other workers viz. Sheikhazadi A et al, J Forensic

Med Pathol 2010 (96.6%),Wick R et al Med Sci Law

2006 (91%) & Bharath K et al JIAFM 2012 (91.93%) .

This predominance of males is attributed to more association of males with electrical appliance and with its repair much more than their female counterparts.

Page 17: A study of electrocution death in manipur

The most common age group in this study was 21-30 yrs (53.84 %) and electrocution was very rare in both extremes of ages.

This age group is the most active phase in life with higher chances of exposure to risk.

Similar finding were also noted by different workers in different part of the country by Bharath K et al JIAFM 2012 , Gupta BD et al JIAFM 2012 & Shaha KK Med Sci Law 2010 .

Page 18: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Household accidental electrocution (78.06%) i.e. indoor was observed by Dokov W in Varna Bulgaria Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2010 .

Similar findings were observed by Byard RW in South Australia Paediatr Child Health 2003 , Bharath K et al in Andhra Pradesh JIAFM 2012 , India & B.D Gupta et al in Gujarat, India JIAFM 2012 .

These findings are in contrast to the findings of our study where most of the cases occurred outdoors(68%).

This may be attributed to the erratic power supply in the State (only 2 – 3 hrs/day for domestic consumers) and poor maintenance of electric cables in this part of the country starting from using of bad quality wire, breakage which may remain unattended on the road side leading to accidental electrocution.

Page 19: A study of electrocution death in manipur

78.06% of the cases were accidental in a study by Dokov W in Varna, Bulgaria Ulus

Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2010 whereas it was 61.86% in another study by Shaha KK et al in Tamil Nadu, India Med Sci Law 2010 .

Interestingly, in the present series all the cases were accidental in nature.

Page 20: A study of electrocution death in manipur

60.7% were dead on the scene and 31.9% were dead on arrival at hospital (Sheikhazadi A et al) Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2010 .

88% died immediately after the shock (Shaha KK) Med Sci Law 2010 .

In our study, significant number of victims died immediately following electric shock (92.30 %) which may be compared with the findings of Rautji R wherein 98.03 % died on the scene of the fatal event and only 1.96 % died in hospital Med Sci Law 2003.

Page 21: A study of electrocution death in manipur

77.77 % of entry wound were in the upper limb and 43.75 % of exit wound in the lower limb by Bharath k et al JIAFM 2012. Similar findings were observed by Tirasci Y Tohoku J

Exp Med 2006 and Sheikhazadi A et al Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2010

We also observed that most of the Entry wounds were on the right hand (48 %) and no entry or exit wounds were present in 26.92 % .

Page 22: A study of electrocution death in manipur

Surprisingly high tension wire was the most common source of electrocution in our study with 53.85 % and flash burn was the most common type of electrical burn seen (60%) which is in sharp contrast to other studies where the most common source were usually household electrical appliances (Byard RW

Paediatric Child Health. 2003 , Bharath K et al JIAFM 2012.)

Page 23: A study of electrocution death in manipur

ConclusionThe danger of getting electrocuted from the

lowly installed high tension electric wires and haphazardly fixed up electric supply wire without proper maintenance in most parts of the State is indeed a matter of concern.

However, electric supply system has been

updated in the previous year with the installation of underground cables in some parts of the State and positive changes are expected in the near future.

Page 24: A study of electrocution death in manipur

REFERENCE1) Gupta BD, Mehta RA, Trangadia MM. Profile of deaths due to electrocution : A retrospective study . JIAFM .2012 Jan-March;34(1):13-5.2) Bharath KG, Sheikh K ,Uday PS . Pattern of injuries due to electric current. JIAFM .2012 Jan-March;34(1):44-8. 3) Dokov W. Electrocution-related mortality: A review of 351 deaths by low-voltage electrical current. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2010 Mar;16(2):139-43.4) Sheikhazadi A, Kiani M, Ghadyani MH. Electrocution-related mortality: a survey of 295 deaths in Tehran, Iran between 2002 and 2006. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2010 Mar;31(1):42-5.

Page 25: A study of electrocution death in manipur

5) Shaha KK, Joe AE. Electrocution-related mortality: a retrospective review of 118 deaths in Coimbatore, India, between January 2002 and December 2006. Med Sci Law. 2010 Apr;50(2):72-4. 6) Wick R, Gilbert JD, Simpson E, Byard RW. Fatal electrocution in adults--a 30-year study. Med Sci Law. 2006 Apr;46(2):166-72.7) Tirasci Y, Goren S, Subasi M, Gurkan F. Electrocution-related mortality: a review of 123 deaths in Diyarbakir, Turkey between 1996 and 2002. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006 Feb;208(2):141-5.

Page 26: A study of electrocution death in manipur

8) Byard RW, Hanson KA, Gilbert JD, James RA, Nadeau J, Blackbourne B, Krous HF. Death due to electrocution in childhood and early adolescence. Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Jan-Feb;39(1):46-8. 9) Rautji R, Rudra A, Behera C, Dogra TD. Electrocution in South Delhi: a retrospective study. Med Sci Law. 2003 Oct;43(4):350-2.


Top Related