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Angiostrongylus vasorum in
NewfoundlandBy Vanessa Reid
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Angiostrongylus vasorum
Metastrongylid Nematode
Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet,1866) Kamensky 1905
Phylum: Nematoda; Family: Metastrongylidae
Commonly known as French Heart Worm
Endoparasite found in the family Canidae
Wild &Domestic
Indirect Life Cycle Canid definitive host
Gastropod intermediate host
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Life Cycle ofA. vasorum
L1 larvae
released in feces
L1 larvae is ingested or
penetrates foot of
Gastropod: Molting occursfrom L1 larvae to L3
Some amphibians have been
shown to act as an
intermediate host
Intermediate host is ingested
Gastropod intermediate is digested: L3larvae released and maturation and
development occurs to produce eggs which
hatch in the lung parenchyma, L1 larvae
coughed up and swallowed
Definitive host
Intermediate host
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Effects of Infection
On the Definitive host: Respiratory :coughing, gagging, and pneumonia
Circulatory : intravascular coagulation, subcutaneous
swelling and right heart failure
Other: exercise intolerance, weight loss, stunted growth,
vomiting, nervous system defects, excessive bleeding and
tissue damage.
Brain Hemorrhage of In Domestic Dog A. vasorum in Heart Tissue of Fox in Germany
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Current Distribution
Palearctic EcozoneNearctic Ecozone
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In Newfoundland Occurs on the Avalon Peninsula
The Definitive Host
Coyote, Canis latrans (Say 1823)
Red Fox, ulpes Vulpes (Linnaeus 1758)
Domesticated Canines,C
anis familiaris
Is the only location in North America to have A.vasorum
Genetic analysis shows relation to populations inFrance
First discovered in the Red Fox in 1973 markingthe introduction to Nearctic Ecozone
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Why Newfoundland? Why the Avalon
Peninsula?
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Climate on the Avalon Peninsula Is more mild and humid than the rest of the
island
Supports healthy gastropod populations
Humid environment needed for respiration
Able to spend more time exposed
More likely to be infected and ingested
Allows for transition in the environment
between hosts Avoid desiccation of L1 larvae
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Climate Change
Increased Temperatureand hunidity
More intermediatehosts & increased
nematode survival
Spread of Disease
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Sources:
Bourque, Andrea., HughWhitney., Gary Conboy. 2005. Angiostrongylus vasorum Infection in aCoyote (Canis latrans) from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases41(4): 816-819
Bourque, Andrea C., Gary Conboy., Lisa M. Miller, Hugh Whitney. 2008. Pathological findings in dogsnaturally infected withAngiostronylus casorum in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. J Vet DiagnInvest 20:11-20
Bridger, Kimberly E., Eric M Baggs., Jean Finney-Crawley. 2009. Endoparasites of the Coyote (Canis
latrans), a Recent Migrant to Insular Newfoundland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45(4):1221-1226 Jefferies R., S.E. Shaw., J. Willesen., M.E. Viney, E.R. Morgan. 2010. Elucidating the spread of
emerging canid nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum between Palaearctic and Naearctic ecozones.Infection, Genetics and Evolution 10: 651-568.
Morgan, Eric R., Susan E. Shaw., Sheila F. Brennan., Theo D, De Waal., Boyd R Jones., Grace Mulcahy.2005. Angiostrongylus vasorum: a real heartbreaker. Trends in Parasitology Vol 21 No.2.
Morgan, Eric R., Ryan Jefferies., Madeleine Krajewski., Peter Ward., Susan E. Shaw. 2009. Caninepulmonary angiostrongylusis: The influence of climate on parasite distribution. ParasitologyInternational 58: 406-410
Verzberger-Epshtein, I., r.j.f.Markham., J.A. Sheppard., H. Stryhn., HughWhitney., G.A Conboy.2008. Serologic detection ofAngiostrongylus casorum infection in dogs. Veterinary Parasitology151: 53-60.
French Heartworm Infection of Dogs and Foxes in Newfoundland. [email protected]
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