Download - Access to green areas
Access to green areas
Marianne Eriksson
Environmental objectives: A Good Built Environment
Interim target 1, 2010 By 2010 land use and community planning will be
based on programmes and strategies for:
’preserving, maintaining and enhancing green spaces and water bodies in urban and suburban areas for nature conservation, cultural and recreational purposes, and ensuring that the proportion of hard-surface areas in these
environments does not increase
Definition of locality/urban area
A locality consists of a group of buildingsnormally not more than 200 meters apart from each other
and has to fulfil a minimum criterion of having at least 200 inhabitants
Localities/Urban areas
• 1940 Localities
• 84 % of the population
• 1,3 % of landarea
776 localities with less than 500 inhabitants113 localities with more than 10 000 inhabitants 5 localities with more than 100 000 inhabitantas
Statistics on landuse in localities based on areal photos
Unbuilt areas in localities 1970 to 2000 in percent
YearStockholm, Göteborg, Malmö All localities
2000 26,7 37,3
1995 26,9 37,4
1990 28,2 38,6
1980 29,8 39,7
1970 31,0 44,0
Pilot study : Green areas in localities
Project group: Metria/Environment and SCB
A reference group consisting of •the National Board of Housing and Planning,•the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, •the Swedish Forest Agency, •the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions
The project was mainly financed by the Swedish Space Board
Objective
Delimitation of green areas in localities and the surroundings
Trace changes in extension of green areas
Pilot areas
• Västerås, satellite images from 30 July 1999 and 10 July 2005
• Stockholm, satellitdata from 4 Sept. 1999 and 29 June 2006
• Gislaved, satellitdata from10 July 1999 and 6 September 2005
Stockholm 29 June 2006
SPOT-5
Upplösning 10 m
RGB =
(NIR, SWIR, Rött)
Tätortsgräns från 2005 i vitt
Västerås 10 July 2005
SPOT-5
Upplösning 10 m
RGB =
(NIR, SWIR, Rött)
Tätortsgräns från 2005 i vitt
Gislaved 6 September 2005
SPOT-5
Upplösning 10 m
RGB =
(NIR, SWIR, Rött)
Tätortsgräns från 2005 i vitt
Basic data input
• Satellite imagery data SPOT, (METRIA)
• National road database, (the Swedish Road Administration)
• Locality borders from 2000 to 2005, (Statistics Sweden)
• Real estate and building register (National Land Survey Office)
• Land block database, (the Swedish Board of Agriculture)
• Topographical Map's Forest and Water Strata, (National Land Survey Office)
• Swedish Land Cover Database, (National Land Survey Office)
Method
Two main objectives• Make a base map• Mapping of changes
Split the picture into five layers• Forest land• Agricultural land• Water• Roads• Other land (Urban land)
Segmentation
Program: Definiens
Satellite image is split up
in segments
Segmentgränser i blått
Vegetationindex
Vegetationindex
NIR – RöttNIR + Rött
Ljusa ytor = större andel ”grönt”
Mörka ytor = vegetation saknas
Segments and
buildings
Diagram showing basic classification of urban land
Other buildings with vegetation
Water
Industry with vegetation
No buildings, vegetation
Roads
Multi-store buildings with vegetation
One-family houses without vegetation
Multi-store buildings with some vegetation
Multi-store buildings without vegetation
Industry with some vegetation
Industry without vegetation
Other buildings with some vegetation
Other buildings without vegetation
No buildings, some vegetation
No buildings, no vegetation
One-family houses with some vegetation
One-family houses with vegetation
Stockholm 1999
Basic
classification
of
Urban land
Skogsmark = mörkgröntÖppen mark = ljusgrönt Flerbostadshus = röttVillaområden = gult/bruntIndustrier = gråttÖvriga byggnader = bruntVatten = blått
Västerås 30 juli 1999
Basic classification
ofUrban land
Skogsmask = mörkgröntÖppen mark = ljusgrönt Flerbostadshus = röttVillaområden = gult/bruntIndustrier = gråttÖvriga byggnader = bruntVatten = blått
Typ av område
Stockholm (part of) Västerås Gislaved
Stockholm (part of ) Västerås Gislaved
One-family houses with vegetation 1 331 663 71 11,0 12,9 10,9One-family houses with some vegetation 1 142 576 96 9,5 11,2 14,7One-family houses without vegetation 193 50 53 1,6 1,0 8,2Muli-store buildings with vegetation 171 96 2 1,4 1,9 0,2Muli-store buildings with some vegetation 449 251 4 3,7 4,9 0,6
Muli-store buildings without vegetation 1 247 302 42 10,3 5,9 6,5
Industry with vegetation 4 10 2 0,0 0,2 0,3Industry with some vegetation 11 22 2 0,1 0,4 0,2Industry with vegetation 292 183 47 2,4 3,6 7,2Other buildings with vegetation 190 128 4 1,6 2,5 0,6Other buildings with some vegetation 137 93 4 1,1 1,8 0,6Other buildings without vegetation 447 192 25 3,7 3,7 3,9No buildings, no vegetation 555 332 40 4,6 6,5 6,1Vegetation not in connection with buidings. 3 222 1 435 166 26,8 28,0 25,5Roads 1 624 626 89 13,5 12,2 13,6Golf corses - 53 - - 1,0 -Agriculture land - 103 - - 2,0 -Water 1 038 22 6 8,6 0,4 1,0Total 12 055 5 143 651 100,0 100,0 100,0
Area in hectar Percent of total area
Some Statistics
More statistics
Typ av områdeStockholm (del av)
Västerås Gislaved Stockholm (del av)
Västerås Gislaved
Land without vegetation, thereof 4 358 1 685 296 36,2 32,8 45,5 Built-up land without vegetation 2 179 727 167 18,1 14,1 25,7 Roads 1 624 626 89 13,5 12,2 13,7 Unbuilt land without vegetation 555 332 40 4,6 6,5 6,1Land with/ with some vegetation, therof 6 657 3 436 351 55,2 66,8 53,9 Built-up land with/ with some vegetation3 435 1 839 185 28,5 35,8 28,4 Unbuilt land with/ with some vegetation 3 222 1 591 166 26,7 30,9 25,5
Water 1 038 22 6 8,6 0,5 1,0
Area in hectar Percent of total locality area
Part of Västerås
Point data,
Real Estate with info. on number of inhabitants
Develop indicators
Buffers 300 m around points for Real Estate
Percent of the population with hectars of green areas within 300 meters
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
100,0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Gislaved
Västerås
Del av Stockholm
Ha
Procent
Stockholm change between 1999 och 2006
Changes in Urban land
Difference
in
NVDI
1999 och 2006
Rött = ytor som har minskat vegetationsindex
Grönt = ytor som harökat vegetationsindex
Green areas to non green areas
Non green areas to green areas
More statistics
Totalt
Green area to non green area
Non green area to green areaa
Greeen area to built-up area
Non green area to green areaa
Västerås 79 34 29 0 142
Stockholm (part of) 104 13 62 0 179
Gislaved 10 11 17 0 38
Number of changes > 0,1 haUrban land Forest land
Report in Swedishhttp://www.scb.se/templates/Product____12895.asp
Future work at SCB
• Develop methods for handling satellite images
• Develop indicators
• Present statistics for localities with 10 000 or more inhabitants