Download - ACIDS AND BASES SNC 2D1. What is an acid?
What is an acid?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcDSngXldB0
household acids
• Vinegar (Acetic Acid)• Sour fruits like Lemon (Citric Acid)• Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Properties of acids
• Commonly contain H+
• Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous)
• Sour-Tasting• Corrosive• Conduct electricity
Reactive Properties of acids
• React with Metals to produce Hydrogen Gas
• Hydrochloric Acid + Zinc Hydrogen Gas + Zinc Chloride
• React with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates
•
Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium Carbonate Water + Carbon Dioxide + Calcium Chloride
household bases• Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide)• Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)• Drain Cleaner (Sodium Hydroxide)
Properties of bases
• Commonly contain OH-
• Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous)
• Bitter-Tasting• Corrosive• Conductive• React with Protein (eg. those in your skin
and eyes)*Another word for BASIC is ALKALINE
Why you should wear goggles
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DedE68fjKRM
Electrical conductivity
• Acids and bases both conduct electricity, since they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.
• Ex. Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH NaOH
• Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4 2HSO4
Naming acids and bases
• When the chemical formula of an acid starts with H and has only one other non-metallic element, it is named by adding the prefix "hydro" and the suffix "ic" and the word "acid".
• HCl HYDROCHLORIC ACID• HF HYDROFLUORIC ACID
Naming acids and bases
• Acids that contain a polyatomic ion and an oxygen atom (oxyacids) can be named as follows:
• • a) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ate" add the
suffix "ic" and the word acid.• • b) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ite" add the
suffix "ous" and the word acid.
Naming acids and bases
• • SO4
2- is Sulfate, so H2SO4 SULPHURIC ACID
• SO32- is Sulfite, H2SO3 SULPHUROUS ACID
Naming acids and bases
• The name of a base can be determined from the name of the positively charged metallic ion or polyatomic ion at the beginning and then adding the word "hydroxide".
• • NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE• NH4OH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
Naming acids and bases
• Some bases are more difficult to recognize.
• Substances that contain BICARBONATE or HYDROGEN CARBONATE, HCO3
- are bases because they react with water to form hydroxide ions
• • Ex: NaHCO3 SODIUM BICARBONATE