Advanced Aquaculture of Carps and Tilapia – Ponds and Cages
Kevin Fitzsimmons, John Woiwode, R.S.N. Janjua ASA SoyPak
Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan19 March 2012
Carp and Tilapia• Carps are most important farmed food fish and
tilapia are second.• Global demand, variety of production systems and
geographic regions, some vertically integrated• Environmentally sustainable – “Green Aquaculture”
(no fish meal required in the diet, no antibiotics, many farms use effluents for crops)
Subsistence and Export Commodity• Tilapia is unique in its role as a small livestock
animal grown by subsistence farmers in developing countries around the world…..
• And• It is widely grown and exported to high value
markets to be served in expensive restaurants and grocery stores
• Commodity or specialty crop - BOTH, like chicken
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
World Tilapia Production of 3,300,000 mt in 2011
US Tilapia consumption (imports and domestic)368,295 mt of live weight (equivalent) – 2006
437,000 mt of live weight (equivalent) - 2007453,264 mt of live weight (equivalent) – 2008
465,953 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2009)579,443 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2010)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Met
ric
ton
s
Carp and tilapia in ponds
Extensive ponds
Semi-intensive ponds
Multiple small cages
Taal Lake, Philippines
Irrigation Reservoir, Arizona
Paulo Afonso Reservoir, Brasil
Other small cages
Nile Delta, Egypt
All tilapia farms have dogs, even cage farms
Shrimp Pond, Philippines
Shrimp Pond, Thailand
Large cage farms
Pond culture to crop irrigation
Fish and citrus in Hainan, China
Integration of aquaculture and agricultureWater pH reduced from 8.3 to 8.0Added 19.7 kg/ha N to 45 kg/ha used in
standard fertilization schedule of cotton.
0
5
10
15
20
25
AprilM
ayJu
neJu
ly
August
Septe
mber
Tot
al N
app
lied
wit
h w
ater
(kg
/ha)
WellPond
Results - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture
Contributed 2.6 kg/ha P to cotton crop.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
AprilM
ayJu
neJu
ly
August
Septe
mber
Tot
al P
app
lied
wit
h w
ater
(kg
/ha)
WellPond
Cotton Height 2002
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5/15 6/12 7/8 7/16 8/19 9/21
hei
gh
t (cm
)
WW WW+SF
FE FE+SF
Plant height with Fish Effluent, Standard Fertilizer and Well Water
Extruders
Floating feeds Feed mixes with steam in barrel of extruder Cooks ingredients, improves palatability Gelatinizes starches Steam expansion and auger forces feed out
of barrel with rapid expansion. Traps air in pellet, allows to float
Bangladesh tilapia aquaculture
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(est
)
2011
(es
t)
Met
ric
tons
Future global tilapia aquaculture
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(est
)
2011
(es
t)
Met
ric
tons
(00
0)
Conclusions Tilapia are omnivores But eating anything will not make you grow
fast and strong Tilapia need balanced nutrition for rapid
growth just like human children
Buy TILAPIA
Thank you!
Questions and discussion?