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ADVANCED GRAMMARADVANCED GRAMMAR
Fundamental Ideas
Grammatical Hierarchyy
SentencesSentencesClausesPhrasesPhrasesWordsM h Morphemes
FORM vs FUNCTFORM Function
What it is; how it looks How it functions
What it’s made up ofInternal structure - its
Its privilege of occurrence in terms of position, mobility, & optionalityrelationship to its
constituents
mobility, & optionalityExternal relationship to the next level up on the hierarchy
Functions in the Clause
Subject (S) Verb (V) Object (O) Complement(C) Adverbial (A)Subject (S), Verb (V), Object (O), Complement(C), Adverbial (A)
Someone [S] was laughing [V] loudly [A] in the next room [A].[ ] g g [ ] y [ ] [ ]
My mother [S] usually [A] enjoys [V] parties [O] very much [A].
In 1945 [A] the country [S] became [V] totally independent [C].
I [S] have been [V] in the garden [A] all the time [A]since lunch [A].
Mary [S] gave [V] the visitor [O] a glass of milk [O].
M t l [S] id [V] th b k th i [C]Most people [S] consider [V] these books rather expensive [C], actually.
You [S] must put [V] all the toys [O] upstairs [A] immediately [A].
Grammatical Hierarchyy
Sentences (Simple Compound Complex Compound Complex)Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)
Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)
Phrases (VP NP AdjP AdvP PP)Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)
Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)
Morphemes (Prefixes Roots Suffixes)Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)
Grammatical Hierarchyy• Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)
Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)
Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)
• Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)
• Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)M p ( , , )
Subject Verb Object Complement Adverbial
V b N Adj ti Ad b P
Subject Verb Object Complement Adverbial
Verb Phrase
Noun Phrase
Adjective Phrase
Adverb Phrase
Prep Phrase
Grammatical Hierarchyy
Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)( p , p , p , p p )
Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)
Phrases (VP NP AdjP AdvP PP)Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)
Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)
Morphemes (P fi R t S ffi )Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)
Grammatical Hierarchyy
Sentences (Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex)Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound Complex)
Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)
Phrases (VP NP AdjP Ad P PP)Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)
Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)
M h Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)
Seven Clause Patterns:
SV SVO SVOOSVC SVOCSVA SVOASVA SVOA
Clause Patterns
SVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SV
SVOASVA
Two COPULAR verb patterns
Five ACTION verb patterns
CopularVerb PatternspSVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SVSVOCSVOA
SVCSVA
SVC This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives)
Red Robin is the closest restaurant. (Predicate Nominative)
assignment has beenfun
Red Robin is restaurant
anginteresting
d
SVC This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives)
Red Robin is the closest restaurant. (Predicate Nominative)
assignment has beenfun
interesting
and
cc
Red Robin is restaurant
Copular Verb PatternspSVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SVSVOCSVOA
SVCSVA
SVC This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives)
All I want for Christmas is my two front teeth. (Predicate Nominative)
Someone will be there.SVA
Someone will be there.
Jamie has recently been in her room.SVA
Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SVSVOCSVOA
SVCSVA
SVMy husband, my children, and I will be praying for your grandfather.
husband
will be praying
husband
I
children
and
grandfather
Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SVSVOCSVOA
SVCSVA
SVO Hazel ate a hamburger and some fries.
hamburgerHazel ate
fries
and
Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SVSVOCSVOA
SVCSVA
SVOO Mrs. Zimmerman brought Sylvia a bunch of daisies.
Mrs. Zimmerman brought bunch
Sylvia daisies
Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SVSVOCSVOA
SVCSVA
SVOC The sixth grade class elected James their representative.
SVOC Carl found the Smithsonian’s displays of aviation artifacts SVOCinformative.
class elected James representative displaysCarl found informativeclass elected James representative displaysCarl found informative
Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC
SVOSVC
SVSVOCSVOA
SVCSVA
SVOA Caroline put some sunblock on her nose.