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ADVICE ONACADEMIC WRITING
Martín, Eliana Julieta
Written Expression IV
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General Information
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Essay- It should have an argument- It should try to prove something- It should have a clear organization
In order to develop your essay:
- You should bear in mind all the possible questions and answers
- You should revise it as many times as necessary
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Planning and Organizing
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Stages of an essay:
Pre writing stage
Writing Stage
Revising Stage
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Some techniques:
1- Index Cards: When researching, write every idea, fact and quotation on a card. Then organize them in the best possible order to make a draft
2- Computer: Take the advantage of “outline view” in Word which makes it easier for you to arrange your points
3- The circle method: To get your ideas onto a single page so you can see them all at once
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Using a thesis statement
The reader will probably expect a clear statement of your position.
i.e1: -Shakespeare was the word greatest playwright
i.e2- This essay will show that the north American free trade agreement was a disaster for the
Canadian furniture industry
There is no rigid rule about the position of the thesis statement
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Introductions and Conclusions
Play an important role in academic essays
A good introduction: should identify your topic, provide essential context and indicate your particular focus on the essay. It also should encourage the reader´s interest.
A good conclusion: will have to provide a sense of closure to the essay
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Paragraphs
Each paragraph should contain the central idea:TOPIC SENTENCE: It has a specific main point
* NOT ALL PARAGRAPHS NEED A TOPIC SENTENCE SPECIALLY OPENING AND CLOSING PARAGRAPHS WHICH HAVE DIFERENT FUNCTIONS FROM BODY PARAGRAPHS
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Reading and researching
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Taking notes from researchReading
- Do not write down too much; your essay must be an expression of your thinking
- Copy out the exact words only when the ideas are memorably expressed
- Compress ideas in your own words. Paraphrasing word by word is a waste of time
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Using the internet
- Do not rely exclusively on net sources
- Narrow your research topic before logging on; internet allows you with access to a lot of information and you can easily get lost
- Keep a detailed record of the sites you visit and use
- Double check all URLs before writting them on the paper
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Previewing Will anable you to place your focus on the proper elements of the reading and to avoid wasting time on elements which are not important for your purposes.
- READ THE TITTLE- THINK ABOUT THE SUBJECT
MATTER- FIND OUT WHO WROTE IT AND
WHEN IT WAS PUBLISHED
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Using resources
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Use quotations: Only if
-The language is particulary elegant or memorable- You wish to confirm the credibility of your argument-The passage is worthly of further analysis - You wish to argue with someone
else´s position in detail
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Verbs and phrases to introcuce quotations:ArguesMaintainsStatesWritesSuggestsClaimsPoints outInsists
CommentsExplainsNotesAssertsRevealsDemonstratesConcludesObservesSays
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How to paraphase?
- You must provide a reference- The paraphrase must be in your own
words- You must also create your own
sentences structures- If you think you want to paraphrase
the passage, make a note only of the author´s basic points
- Capture the general idea
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Styles and editing
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Revising and editing
- Gives you the opportunity to preview your work on behalf of the eventual reader
- It involves the checking of details
GOOD REVISION AND EDITING CAN TRANSFORM A MEDIOCRE FISRT
DRAFT INTO AN EXCELENT FINAL PAPER
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Using the compiter: makes a good typewriter. It easily lets you type in a text, shifts around and make a small proofreading changes
Punctuations: Try to venture beyond the comma and the period.
Commas, semicolon, colons, dashes and parentheses can also be used
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When to use Passive voice?:
- When the actor is unknown - When the actor is irrelevant- When you want to be vague
about who is responsible for the action
- When talking about general truths
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Why not to use passive voice?:
- Because you can sund vague about who is responsible
- Because too many passive voices can create confusion
Sometimes students use it to hide holes in their research
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SpellingThe English language has many different ways to spell the same sound and many diffrent ways to pronunce the same spelling
- Use a good dictionary- Be consisten about using the
british or american spelling- Aways check “troublesome”
suffixes and preffixes - Use your computer spel checker,
but with caution
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Sources:Website. University of Toronto. Writing advice. www.writing.utoronto.ca