AFP QUARTIC Fast AFP QUARTIC Fast Timing SystemTiming System
James L PinfoldJames L PinfoldUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta
AFP QUARTIC Timing GroupUniversity of Alberta, University of Texas at Arlington, University of Giessen, SUNY Stoneybrook
The primary goal has been to have the AFP timing system fully defined for the AFP Technical Proposal:
The end result should be a system that can obtain 20 ps resolution at an instantaneous luminosity of 1033 and given funding could be built and installed by mid/late 2012, and a second stage system capable of 10 ps or better resolution at an instantaneous luminosity of 1034 and given funding could be built and installed by 2015.
AFP Baseline Timing Plan
Two types of Cerenkov detector are employed:
GASTOF – a gas Cerenkov detector that makes a single measurement
QUARTIC – two QUARTIC detectors each with 4 rows of 8 fused silica bar will be positioned after the last 3D-Si tracking station because of the multiple scattering effects in the fused silica.
Both detectors employ Micro Channel Plate PMTs (MCP-PMTs)
30 cm
The QUARTIC Baseline Detector
Each QUARTIC detector has 4 rows of 8 5mm x 5mm x ≤ ~10 cm long fused silica bars (end-2-end =16 measurements) allowing up to a 4-fold improvement of resolution over that of a single bar
The refractive index of fused silica is ~1.5 ( Cerenkov angle of 50o)
An array of bars is mounted at the Cerenkov angle to minimize the # reflections as the light propagates to the MCP-PMT.
This arrangement is intrinsically rad hard
AFP has been concentrating on developing this detector including the full electronics chain
An early QUARTIC Prototype
1) Use short bars and reflective light guide
PRO: Less time dispersionCON: less light
OR 2) Use longer bars as the light guide
PRO: more lightCON: more time disp.
New Alberta QUARTIC Prototype
We are also (in conjunction with Giessen) Testing Fused Silica Fibres
as a Replacement for Bars
Tests indicate the we can expect better time resolution with FS fibres (~30% better) – although less total light
Fibres will allow flexible/finer segmentation and also better mapping onto the MCPMT
MCP-PMT Requirements
Excellent time resolution: 20-30 ps or better for 10 pe’s
High rate capability: Imax ~ 3 A/cm2
Long Lifetime: Q ~ 10 to 20 C/cm2 needed at high luminosity
Multi anode: pixel size of ~6 mm x 6mm
Pore Size: 10 m or better
Tube Size: 40 mm round, 1 or 2 inch square
Need to have capability of measurements in different parts of tube between 0-2 ns apart, and in same part of the tube 25 ns apart
8
Burle/Photonis 64 channel 10 or 25 m pore has been tested extensively with test beam and laser and would be default for first stage except for lifetime issues
Micro-channel Plate PMT (MCP-PMT)
Pico-second Test Facility at UTA
UTA laser setup: with LeCroy Wavemaster 6 GHz Oscilloscope
HamamatsuPLP-10 405 nm laser pulser
10
Test-stand optical system
Beam Mode Fiber Mode
Laser Facility Test Results
If NPE x Gain ≥ 5 x 105 then timing independent of HV/gain
With sufficient amplification there is no dependence of timing on gain
Saturation (the reduction in amp). of the output signal due to the busy pores is a local phenomena
Timing vs. Gain
Cross-talk
The amount of signal sharing affects ability to measure two adjacent rows/columns independently
As one proton enters some time before the other, the second timing measurement shifts due to cross talk
Cross-talk ResultsTested a prototype Burle Planacon tube using variable length fibers
Examined both row and column effect of spillover signal 100, 250 and 500 ps before the target pulse
About 10% of the pulse is detected in adjacent, empty pixels
Data shows that early light is not significantly affected by later light
Later light mean time is shifted, but is not totally dominated by the early pulse
Late time measurement degrades significantly as Δt increases
Exploring ways to reduce this effect
Beam vs Fiber
Fiber timing not as good, but allows us flexibility for some characterization tests
The √N Effect
16.4 s 16.6 ps
Measure time difference of 4 separate fibers (10 pe’s) wrt laser
Note all values lessThan 35 ps due to intime leakage from neighboring pixels(29 for edge 22 for middle)
Correct for T0 offset, average and take new time difference:
Get 35/4=17 ps!
Need to verify in test beam
29 ps 22ps 23 ps 29 ps
17 ps
Timing – CERN Test-Beam 2008
Dt56.6/1.4=40 ps/Bar including CFD!
Time difference between two 9 cm quartz bars after the CFD implies a single bar resolution of 40 ps for about 10 pe’s
(expected 10 pe’s from simulations)
Npe=(area/rms)2
16
2 21 2 1
1
( ) ( ) 2
so if 1 2 then / 2
t t t t
t t
6 mm
Eve
nts
Strip #
Eff
icie
ncy
(a) (b)
(c)
QUARTIC Efficiency CERN TB
Use tracking to determine that QUARTIC bar efficiency is high and uniform
Shape due to vetocounterwith 15mmdiameterhole
17Sep. 6, 2010
CERN/FNAL 2010 Test BeamQUARTIC:
At the 2008 CERN test we got single bar resolution of 40 ps for about 10 PE’s – in 2010 test we are now seeing ~30ps single bar resolutionNew quartz bar prototype test (Alberta 8 long-bar prototype), use scope to measure raw signal and compare to laser, pulse height, number of PE’s, timing resolution8 channel electronics test AMP->CFD->HPTDC [sqrt(N) test] study coherent noise effects and 8-channel timingCompare 25 m and two 10 m Burle tubes (single channel & also 8 channel)
FIBRE:Giessen fiber detector with Giessen readoutRepeat for QUARTIC readout Alberta fiber bundle comparison tests
SiPM TESTS
ANALYSIS IN PROGRESS
Prelim TB results
QUARTIC Readout Electronics
Electronics has been tested at the UTA laser facility, the CERN Test beam in 2008 a CERN test beam in 2010 (August) and recently at a test beam at FERMILAB
The latest tests show that this electronics chain works with SiPMT as well as MCPMT readout
Electronics - Responsibilities Alberta: has upgraded Louvain CFD and developed HPTDC boardGoals:
Complete design of a 3 HPTDC chip, 8 channel HPTDC board based on successful one chip design (due to occupancy issues only 4 channels available/chip, and one of these is used for reference timing, so a 3 chip board gives 8+1 channels)
Documentation + further system tests, including connections with ROD
Radiation tests of CFD + HPTDC electronics
Stony Brook – Goals:Tests of chain PULSER==>Preamp==>CFD
SPICE model of the chain PreAmp==>CFD==>Trigger
Tests of trigger circuitry
Detailed design of PreAmp PCB
Detailed design of Trigger circuitry
QUARTIC Electronics – the CFD Mini-module approach
tuned LCFD mini-module to Burle and Hamamatsu rise times;
12 channel NIM unit good performance : <10 ps
resolution for ≥ 4 PE’s
Remote control for threshold
ZX60 3 GHz amp
QUARTIC Electronics – the HPTDC
12 ps resolution obtained with pulserSuccessfully tested at UTA laser test stand with laser /10 m
tube/ZX60 amp/CFD - 13.7ps resolution obtained with CFD~30 ps resolution obtained with real pulses at test beam
LCFD_Ch01_No12_spe, high level light, May 6, 2009, UTA laser test RMS resolution = 13.7 ps
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900
bin number
coun
ts
HPTDC Buffering Structure
The 6 mm pixel (PMT) which is closest to beam, would see max. hit rate is 15 MHz - the time interval between hits is ~67 ns;
Loss rate in the channel buffer, with the following conditions: Logic core clock = 40MHz, Only input channel 0 is connected;
Hit rate (MHz) Total hits Loss hits Loss rate
4 7190 7 9.74e-4
6 5117 45 8.79e-3
8 3160 107 3.39e-2
10 1424 118 8.29e-2
12 739 111 0.15
14 306 60 0.196
Loss rate in the channel buffer, with the following conditions: Logic core clock = 80MHz, Only input channel 0 is connected;
Hit rate (MHz) Total hits Loss hits Loss rate
8 53244 1 1.88e-5
10 7783 2 2.57e-4
12 9072 6 6.61e-4
15 10713 12 1.12e-3
18 5998 33 5.5e-3
20 2404 27 1.12e-2
22 2589 37 1.43e-2
24 2747 79 2.88e-2
Simulation Results – Loss RateStudy used HPTDC Verilog model
Standard version of HPTDC chip could work with a core clock frequency up to 80 MHzA special speed graded version of HPTDC chip could work with core clock of 160 MHz.RMS resolution is not affected when running with 80MHz clock.
But power consumption is increased.Need to use 2 channels “ganged” to take the maximum rate
8 channel board 4 channel board
Buffering Test Results
The Lifetime Challenge
Lifetime due to photocathode damage from positive ions is proportional to extracted charge:
Using a fiber detector we would accumulate 10-20 C/ cm2 /yr (assuming 5x104 gain) at the highest lumi
This is a factor of ~20 more than typical tube lifetime!
What To DoWe are pursuing the development of a tube with at least ~20 times longer lifetime, the avenues of improvement are:
Including an ion barrier (Nagoya solution) – giving a factor of 5 6 or more (latest SL10 results?)
Z stack design gives a factor of ~10 improvement (NIM A598,160,09)
Arradiance coated MCP’s: promises a factor of 10 or more lifetime improvement.
UTA have a funded Small Business Proposal with Arradiance and Photonis (starting Jan. 2011) to develop a long life MCP-PMT using Arradiance coated MCP's
Various combinations of these factors are possible and should give multiplicative improvement factors
Conclusion We have developed a fast timing system for AFP that seems
to be capable of ~10 ps resolution Work in progress:
1)final optimization of detector (quartz fibers could lower maximum rate by 2-3 by more sensible binning)
2) Developing final (3 chip) HPTDC board (Alberta) and trigger circuit (Stony Brook)
3) Test beam and laser tests
4)Developing and testing long-life MCP-PMT (new funding)
5)Evaluating radiation tolerance of all components and upgrading as needed
6)SiPm alternative
Write up results for Technical Proposal
EXTRA SLIDES
Study used HPTDC Verilog model & measurement, simulation details:
Hit rate:The number of interested interactions at bunch crossing (40 MHz) is on (Poisson) average of 25, from which each has a 3 % chance to hit QUARTIC detector, this gives a rate of 40 MHz *25*3% = 30 MHz;
The 6 mm pixel (PMT) which is closest to beam, would see max. hit rate is 30/2 = 15 MHz - the time interval between hits is ~67 ns;
A hit (track) strikes all input channels at the same time. The input channel the min. t between hits - 25 ns.
Trigger rate:ATLAS L1 trigger rate 100 KHz, with a trigger latency of 2.5 s;
The time interval between triggers is on an exponential distribution;
The minimum spacing between triggers is 25 ns
QUARTIC HPTDC Buffering QUARTIC HPTDC Buffering
TimingTriggerinTriggeringg
ConclusionsConclusions
04/20/23 31Manchester Forward Physics James Pinfold