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Agenda Monday, 2/23/09
~ Please take out a fresh piece of paper for chapter two notes!
~ Chapter 2 sec 1
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Why Americans Have Governments
• Every country in the world has a government; however, they all vary widely.
• Each government is shaped by traditional beliefs, the people, and its history.
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Non-Democratic Governments
• Monarch – is a person, such as a king or queen, who reigns over kingdom or empire. Examples include Saudi Arabia, England, and Sweden.
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Dictator• This a picture of Fidel
Castro the dictator of Cuba.
• A dictator is a person who rules with complete and absolute power.
• Dictators are authoritarian, which means that the rulers only answer to themselves, not to the people they rule.
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Theocracy
• A theocracy is a government controlled by one or more religious leaders who claim to rule on behalf of God or the gods worshipped in their country.
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Democracy Cartoon
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Democratic Governments• In a democracy the
people of a nation either rule directly or they elect officials who act on their behalf.
• Direct Democracy – all voters in a community meet in one place to make laws and decide what actions to take.
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Representative Democracy• In a representative
democracy the people elect representatives to carry on the work of government for them.
• Republic – the people consent to be ruled by their elected leaders.
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Purpose of Government• Helping people to
cooperate.– Necessary for people
to unite, solve problems, and collaborate.
• Providing service – schools, protects from attacks, fire and rescue, trash, travel highways, and health laws.
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Providing Laws• The basic plan under
which Americans live is contained in the Constitution.
• A constitution sets forth the purposes of the government and describes how the government is to be organized.
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Governments also provide laws• Laws must be
constitutional to be valid
• Laws are recorded so people can know and obey them.
• Laws are passed by the government to guide and protect all of us.
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Guaranteeing Freedom• The government of the
United States has a 4th purpose - to guarantee the freedom of the its citizens.
• The U.S. Constitution and all state Constitutions set out rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to all individuals.
• You must take an active role to protect these.
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Please answer the following question in your notes.
Why does a football team need a head coach?
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The First GovernmentChapter 2 sec 2 • In 1775, angry about
new taxes and actions of the British Parliament, the American colonist went to war with Great Britain.
• The next year 13 delegates appointed a committee to draw up a Declaration of Independence.
• Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration of Independence.
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The Declaration of Independence
• List the reasons why the colonies decided to separate from Great Britain and form an independent country.
• The colonists believed that the power of government comes from the consent of the governed – the people of the country.
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Justifying Independence• Declaration of
Independence is much more than a document.
• It explains to the world in clear language that the purpose of government is to protect human rights.
• Human rights are the basic rights to which all people are entitled.
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Ideals of American Government• Over the years the
language from the Declaration has come to mean that all Americans are equal under the law.
• Every person’s rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are equal to those rights of every other person.
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Greatest Document
• Declaration is considered to be the greatest document in our country’s history.
• It remains a lasting symbol of American freedom.
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Articles of Confederation• The Declaration of Independence was not
a plan or a blueprint to provide a government.
• It was a statement of colonist grievances against the king.
• In 1777, the Continental Congress adopted a plan of government – the Articles of Confederation.– Approved in 1781– In 1783 the United States won its
independence and became a confederation.
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Government under the Articles
• A confederation is a loose association, rather than a firm union.