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Agricultural Biotechnology
Sacha StallmanMarch 23, 2014
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Presentation Outline
*Definition of agricultural biotechnology
*Explanation of Genetically Modified Organism
*Benefits of Genetically Modified Organism
*Risk of Genetically modified Organism
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*Biotechnology- any technique that uses whole or part of a living thing to make new products, improve or develop plants, animals and other organisms for specific use
- includes Cheese, Wine, and Pharmaceutical drugs
What is Agricultural Biotechnology?
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What is Agricultural Biotechnology?
*Agricultural Biotechnology-Refers specifically to food products-Includes techniques such as selective
breeding, cloning, and genetic modification
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What is a Genetically Modified Organism?
*A genetically modified organism is an organism whose genetic material has been changed using recombinant DNA technology.
*Recominant Technology is the ability to take two different DNA molecules (both coming from different sources) and combing them.
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What is a Genetically Modified Organism?
*A gene is the basic physical and functional units of heredity which carries information for the expression of a particular trait
*This is an example of a tobacco plant that has been spliced with firefly genes.
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What is a Genetically Modified Organism?
How is it Done?
*Find an organism with the desired trait
*Isolate the gene sequence that codes for the desired trait
*Insert the gene sequence into the genome of the plant cell
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Common Products developed through genetic engineering
What is a Genetically Modified Organism?
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Increased Harvest of Genetically Modified FoodsIncreased Harvest of Genetically Modified Foods
11.00
27.80
39.9044.20
52.60
1.70
58.70
-
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
in Million hectaresin Million hectaresin Million hectares
Increase of 12%, 6.1 million hectares or 15 million acres between 2001 and 2002.
Source: Clive James, 2002
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Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms
*Improve crop yields by creating crops that can be grown in marginal conditions
-frost resistant crops
-drought resistant crops
-salt-tolerant crops
-crops that make more efficient use of nitrogen and other nutrients
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Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms
*Reduced use of pesticides -Development of pest
resistant crops -herbicide resistant crops
*Improved nutritional quality-Development of foods
designed to meet specific nutritional goals
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Risks of GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms
*Insects might develop resistance to the pesticide-gene in the crops
*Herbicide-tolerant crops may cross-pollinate weeds, resulting in "superweeds"
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Risks of GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms
*Certain gene products may have allergens, causing harm to human health
*Pesticide genes in GM crops may cause unintended harm to wildlife and beneficial insects
Photo courtesy of T. W. Davies, Cal. Acad. of Sciences.
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References
Agricultural Biotechnology of Agricultural Economics Retrieved on 3/23/14 from www.agecon.purdue.edu/extension/resources
Biotechnology Industrial Organization. Retrieved on 3/25/14 from http://www.bio.org/category/40
Biotechnology Mentor’s Kit. Retrieved on 3/23/14 from www.isaaa.org/resources o
Colinger, Curtis et al. Genetically Modified Foods . Retrieved on 3/25/13 from www.clfs.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/res/GeneticallyModifiedFoods
Schlenker, E and Roth, S. (2011). Williams' essentials of nutrition and diet therapy: Tenth Edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby
Shutske, John, M (2011) The Impact of Biotechnology and Information Technology on Agricultural Worker Safety and Health Retrieved on 3/24/14 from http://www.nasdonline.org/document/1845/d001780/the-impact-of-biotechnology-and-information-technology-on.html