Agro-Extension System in China 1
Agro-Extension SystemAgro-Extension Systemin Development in Chinain Development in China
Dr. Wu LifengNATESC-MOA
July 2012
Agro-Extension System in China 2
Agro-Extension System in ChinaAgro-Extension System in China
1 Agricultural Status 2 Structural Setup 3 Characteristics 4 Staff Composition 5 Fund sources 6 Approaches 7 Reform 8 Brief introduction of NATESC
Agro-Extension System in China 3
1 Agricultural Status1 Agricultural Status
Farmer Population:Farmer Population: 657 mil. (49% of nation’s total)657 mil. (49% of nation’s total) Arable Land: Arable Land: 122 mil. ha. (7% of world’s & 12.7% nation’s 122 mil. ha. (7% of world’s & 12.7% nation’s
total)total) Land/farmer: 0.19 haLand/farmer: 0.19 ha Farm size: 0.5–1.5 haFarm size: 0.5–1.5 ha
Agro-Extension System in China 4
Ministerial Level
Provincial Level
MMunicipal Level
County Level
Township Level
2 Structural Setup2 Structural Setup
Vertically
Agro-Extension System in China 5
Agriculture
Crop production
Animalhusbandry Aquaculture Farming
Machinery*Economic
Management
Seed Soil-Fertilizer Planting Plant Protection
Horizontally
2 Structural Setup2 Structural Setup
Agro-Extension System in China 6
3.1 Type of System——Oriented by Government
Mainly oriented by government agro-tech extension
institution and extensively participated by agro-
research, education, and enterprises
3.2 Type of Organization——State Undertaking
Set up at township and above levels, affiliated to same
level of administrative government under different
discipline
3 Characteristics3 Characteristics
Agro-Extension System in China 7
3 Characteristics3 Characteristics
3.3 Management Forms — Multiple
Management
To promote the implemen
-tation of multi-management
at township level, mainly
managed by the county,
township or dual levels0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
County Township Dual
Evolution of the Managing System ofExtension Agencies at Township
2001
2005
Agro-Extension System in China 8
Statistics of All Staff in Grassroots Extension Agencies (2005-2007)
4 Staff Composition4 Staff Composition
Current Staff(10,000)
County Level(10,000)
Below County Level(10,000)
2007 Vs. 05±% 2007 Vs. 05
±% 2005 2007 Vs. 05±% 2005
National 86.55 -5.00 30.9 -0.8 31.13 55.65 -6.60 59.58Plant Productio
n31.29 -2.22 14.54 -2.15 14.86 16.75 -2.28 17.14
Animal 28.91 -3.12 9.05 -3.83 9.41 19.86 -2.79 20.43
Aquaculture 2.89 -1.02 1.44 -2.04 1.47 1.45 0 1.45
Machine 9.72 -9.75 3.01 +11.9 2.69 6.71 -16.96 8.08
Mgmt 11.78 -15.19 2.4 -11.11 2.7 9.38 -16.18 11.19
others 1.96 0.46 — — 1.50 —
Agro-Extension System in China 9
Qualification of Grassroots Extension Staff (2003-2007)
(%) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Edu. collage and upper level 30.5 34.9 37.2 43.5 45.9
Age under 35 43.2 41.5 38.1 38.7 33.0
over 50 11.6 12.5 -- 13.1 15.0
with professional title 67.7 69.5 65.4 65.3 59.7
Title Incl. Senior 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.7 5.4
Junior 16.2 18.4 19.0 20.7 35.7
4 Staff Composition4 Staff Composition
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5.1 Government (central & local) 5.2 Self –funded (paid service) 5.3 Project from different department such as MOA, MOF, MOS&T, and foreign-aid
5 Fund Sources5 Fund Sources
Agro-Extension System in China 11
Fund Source of Agro-tech Extension Agencies at County Level in 2007
(%) Total Crop Animal Aqua. Machinery Eco. Mgmt Integrated
All funded 86.36 89.68 77.90 86.09 85.79 95.53 90.38
Partial funded
8.91 7.11 13.03 7.83 11.07 3.81 8.22
Self-funded 4.73 3.22 9.06 6.08 3.14 0.66 1.41
5 Fund Sources5 Fund Sources
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Important Agro-Tech Extension is carried out by governmental investment
Program-based Commodity-based Demon.-based Tech+sup.-based FFS-based
6 Extension Approaches6 Extension Approaches
Agro-Extension System in China 13
7.1 Principle of Reform
With Chinese Characteristics, meeting market’s demand, according with international rules
Stabilizing and Strengthening public services, Vitalizing commercial services
7 System Reform7 System Reform
Start the pilot point for the grass-root system reform In 2003, Carry out in 2006 by the Sate Council……
Agro-Extension System in China 14
7.2 General Objective
Gradually establish a new-style agro-tech extension system, oriented by government agro-tech extension structures, participated extensively by entire society, to accord with socialist market economic system.
Including three levels : ( 1 ) National Non-profit extension system; ( 2 ) Farmer’s economic cooperatives; ( 3 ) Commercial
service system
7 System Reform7 System Reform
Agro-Extension System in China 15
7.3 Measures for system reform
Update idea—farmer-oriented, bottom – top
Define function—7 non-profit functions for gov. agro-
tech system
Perfect Structure—Stress the regionalization,
integration, and level in structure setup
7 System Reform7 System Reform