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Aim: How does the reproductive system ensure the survival of the Human Species?
• Specialized system for males
• Specialized system for females
• Specialized cells– Sperm– Egg
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Large intestine
Rectum
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Epididymis Testis
Scrotum
Penis
Urethra
Vas deferens
Pubic bone
Urinary bladder
MaleReproductive System
Section 39-3
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Fallopian tube
Ovary
Urinary bladder
Pubic bone
Urethra
Vagina
Uterus
Cervix
Rectum Vagina
Fallopian tube
Ovary
FemaleReproductive SystemSection 39-3
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The Menstrual CycleSection 39-3
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Fertilization (also called conception) in humans happens when the sperm cell reaches the egg cell and inserts its DNA into the egg cell.
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Early stage of embryonic development
• Cleavage is the term used for the rapid division of cells that happens in the first 24-48 hours after fertilization. There is little/no growth in the size of the zygote.
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Gastrulation is the arrangement of cells into
3 distinct germ layers. Ectoderm
Epidermis of skin
Digestive system
Nervous system
Mesoderm
Muscle
Skeletal system
Endoderm
Organs
Reproductive system
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Human Embryonic Development
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Comparison of external and internal development
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Fetal Development: Ultrasound Pictures
1 Month 2 Months 3 Months
4 Months 5 Months 6 Months
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Fetal Development: Ultrasound Pictures (Continued)
7 Months 8 Months
At Birth
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Critical Periods of Human Development
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Embryonic Stem Cells
• The cell lines preserve their undifferentiated state and normal nuclei during subculture, however, they remain capable of differentiation into virtually any type of tissue.
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Adult Stem Cells
• Current research is aimed at determining the mechanisms that underlie adult stem cell plasticity. If such mechanisms can be identified and controlled, existing stem cells from a healthy tissue might be induced to repopulate and repair a diseased tissue
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Tissue Engineering-Other organs are being grown as we speak
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Dolly the sheep was cloned