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Aligning CSR Strategy with the Development Agenda
Hyderabad, 14, July, 2014
Srinivas Chary, Dean of Research, ASCI [email protected]
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Session outline India’s development agenda –
status, gaps and priorities
How to structure and align CSR interventions for greater impact?
Case study – Pune
Video
Lessons
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Corporate Social Responsibility
CSR was once confined as a part of corporate
philanthropy, which now has changed and defined as a
“Corporate social responsibility is the commitment of
businesses to contribute to sustainable economic
development by working with employees, their families,
the local community and society at large, to improve
their lives in ways that are good for business and for
development”
Source: LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT; PARLIAMENT LIBRARY AND REFERENCE, RESEARCH, DOCUMENTATIONAND INFORMATION SERVICE (LARRDIS); Corporate Social Responsibility; REFERENCE Note No. 11/RN/Ref. 2013
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The Private Sector is emerging as a development partner – now on the threshold of a new phase:
Core Business
Pro-poor business models / inclusive
markets
Developmentbenefits
Business benefits
Philanthropy
CSR / Social investment
• Contribution of financial or in-kind resources to development projects
• Social investment that facilitates business objectives and the achievement of the MDGs
• Enterprise solutions that accelerate and sustain access by the poor to needed goods and services and to income generating opportunities and that contribute to economic empowerment.
Risk
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New Phase Private sector is a key development
partner
Inclusive markets – access by the poor for goods and services and to income generating activities – e.g. Amul, HL
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Defining Development Priorities
Discussions – 10-15 min
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India’s Development Challenges MDG compliance
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Millennium Development Goals In the year 2000 a total of 189 members states(countries) of the United Nations agreed upon to achieve 8 international development goals by the year 2015India - 8 goals, 12 targets and 35 indicators
The two major goals - Goal 4 & Goal 7 are moderately off track and it is forecasted that these goals will not achievable by
India by 2015
Goals related to Children - Goal 2, Goal 4, Goal 5, Goal 7
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Development Agenda Need for more focus
Declining Poverty but increasing inequality Persisting malnutrition among children Improving survival rate in primary education Gender parity in wages Improving immunization coverage Child mortality Maternal mortality Access to safe sanitation (and water) and prevention
of open defecation
Source : National Statistical Commission
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The day everyone of us gets a toilet to use, I shall know that our country reached the pinnacle of progress….
Jawaharlal Nehru
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Singapore
Gabon
Botsw ana
Mauritius
RomaniaPanama
KazakhstanUkraine
Namibia
China
Paraguay
Bolivia
Sri Lanka
SamoaTonga
Congo, Rep.
Philippines
Mongolia
India
Vietnam
Pakistan
Uzbekistan
Mauritania
Sudan
Nigeria
Tajikistan
Kenya
Zambia
BangladeshTanzania
Mali
Nepal
Malaw i
Sierra Leone
NigerEritrea
Burundi
R2 = 0.649
0
20
40
60
80
100
100 1000 10000 100000
GDP per capita PPP (current international $) (Log Scale)
% o
f po
pu
latio
n w
ith a
cce
ss to
imp
rove
d s
an
itatio
n
Scatter-plot of % of population with access to improved sanitation and GDP per capita PPP (current international $)
[
Source: World Development Indicators, 2006
India’s progress is lower than some of the other countries with similar or lower per capital GDP
India’s Relative Performance
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Burden of Disease
In India, 80 % of Disease and Sickness are Due to Water Borne and Water Related Diseases
- WHO
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Open Defecation and Human Height
% of Households without toilets
India’s National Family and health Surveys
Data from India’s National Family and health Surveys being compared with other Demographic and Health Surveys of various developing countries. The three large circles in the graph depict the scale of open defecation in comparison to other developing countries
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Infant Child Mortality
Source: The Times of India, Hyderabad, 22nd February, 2008
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NTPCRural Electrification Corporation Limited
NHDC Limited Eastern Coal fields Limited
Greater Impact
Development Goals
Existing CSR interventions
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High impact CSR Align with development goals of the
region –metrics / development plan Use CSR investments as a catalyzing
agent for change – Low cost /high impact
Capitalize existing GOI interventions /schemes – facilitate convergence
Capacity building Measuring results
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1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
2. Indra Awas Yojana (IAY)3. National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)4. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)5. National Social Assistance Programme6. Mid Day Meal (MDM) Scheme7. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)8. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission 9. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)10. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)11. Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS)12. Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF)13. National Health Mission14. Restructured – Accelerated Power Development Programme
(R-APDP)15. Rajiv Gandhi Grameena Vidyuthikaran Yojana (RGGVY)16. Rajeev Gandhi Drinking Water and sanitation Mission
Flagship Programmes of Govt.. Of India in 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17)
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Key takeaways – High impact CSR Align CSR with development needs – eg. WinS
Use CSR investment for catalyzing change and scaling up impact – e.g handwashing /O&M/bechmarking/M&E
Create neutral platform and advisory team
Smart partnerships
Capacity enhancement – training, study tours etc.
Institute strong monitoring and measurement system for results
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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools (WinS)A compelling development need
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Population Dynamics
In the year 2015, India is going to have about 29% of population between the age of 0-14, which Is SCHOOL GOING AGE
Ch
ild
ren
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WinS in India
• 110 plus million school-going children who need sustained access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities in over 1.5 million schools across 644 districts
• Considerable progress in recent years, but
• Many schools still do not have access to safe drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene education.
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Background
In India, there are 14,12,178 schools across 644 districts.
76.36% i.e. 10,78,407 schools are government schools.
Almost half of the schools i.e. 51.6% are managed by
Department of Education.
5.25 % are managed by Tribal/Social Welfare Department.
Local bodies manage about 17.46% of schools.
Around 12,14,282 schools are located in Rural India which is
about 85.99% of total schools in the country
Source: DISE 2011-12: Flash Statistics
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Acronyms & terms to know WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WinS WASH in Schools
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What is WASH in schools?Access to sufficient quantities of safe
water: Drinking Hand-washing and personal hygiene
Sufficient water for: Cleaning Cooking, flushing toilets, school gardens, etc when
appropriate
Toilet facilities that are: Child-friendly, gender-specific, culturally and
environmentally appropriate, private, safe, and well maintained
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WASH in schools (2)Personal hygiene materials
Water for washing, soap, sanitary pads, etc
Hygiene education Curriculum, lesson plans, role play, group activities, wall-
paintings, competitions, radio spots
Safe disposal of solid wasteControl measures to reduce transmission and
morbidity of WASH-related illnesses Approaches to control vector borne disease Diarrhoea prevention and management, De-worming
campaigns, nutritional supplements
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WASH in Schools (3)Human Resources:
A system of capacity building in place for Administrators and Teachers
Teachers with WinS Orientation Lead Teachers trained in WinS
implementation WinS on the agenda of the School
Management CommitteeMonitoring:
WinS embedded in the monitoring system of NBA and SSA
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Why WASH in Schools ?
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Impacts related to WASH in schools
Health
Diarrhea Soil transmitted helminths Trachoma, scabies Acute respiratory infection
Non-health
Educational attainment Absenteeism Attrition Concentration Test scores
Water availability Dehydration
Privacy and safety Menstrual management
Equity:• Gender• Socio-economic status
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• World Health Organization reports, children under three years old experience on average three episodes of diarrhea and acting as an agent for children to be extremely malnourished .
•Diarrhea caused an estimated 1,36,000 child deaths in 2012 alone. (UNICEF, 2013)
•Diarrhea is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years old (WHO, 2013)
•1 in 3 of the world's malnourished children lives in India. ( WHO, 2013)
•47 % of children in India are underweight and at least 16 % are wasted. (UNICEF)
Causes: Diarrhoea is a symptom of infections caused by a host of
bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms, most of which are spread by feces contaminated water
Diarrhea and its impacts in India
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Open Defecation and issues of Stunting in Children
69.3% of rural India defecate in open. Research indicates that sanitation plays an important
role on child’s height (Dean Spears and Sen). Field experiments in Maharashtra have shown that children
exposed to sanitation motivation and better sanitation facilities grew taller than children who have not received it.
Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) has reduced infant mortality rate and has increased children's height.
(Spears, 2012a)
Long term impacts of Stunting (WHO) : cumulative effects of under nutrition chronic restriction of child's growth children's cognitive thinking procedure.
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Why WASH in Schools ?
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National Policy
• Right to Education: guarantees separate toilets for girls and
boys and safe and adequate drinking water in schools. Article
18 in 2009 The Act also suggests a safe, clean and child friendly school environment
with child centric system that fosters overall development of a child
• Supreme Court Order (2011) “It is imperative that all schools
must provide toilet facilities; empirical researches have
indicated that wherever toilet facilities are not provided in the
schools, parents do not send their children (particularly girls)
to schools’’.
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What is the scale of the problem?
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WinS - The Indian Scenario (1)
Huge number to reach - 1.4 million schools
Monitoring – where, how, who
Operation and maintenance – funds, system, responsibility
Sustainability Infrastructure quality Equitable access
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Status of WinS in India: Drinking Water
Number of schools having drinking water facility is increased from 9.35 lakh (83.2%) in 2005-06 to 13.33 lakh (94.4%) in 2010-11
Source: Flash Statistics –DISE, 2005-06 to 2011-12 , NUEPA, New Delhi
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-120
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
935,3561,015,801
1,085,033
1,128,299
1,219,574 1,263,008
1,333,793
83.284.9
86.787.8
92.6 92.7
94.4
Number of schools having drinking water facility% of schools having drinking water facility
Number of schools
in
%
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Coverage vs. Functionality – e.g water
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
28.24
32.75
37.42
42.58
50.5553.6
58.8260.28
84.48
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Number of states
130814
National Average- 2.83%Best- 0% 6 states (Delhi, Tamil Nadu and 4 UTsWorse- 31. 87 % Meghalaya
Percentage of children deprived from drinking water facility to total enrolment 2011-12
•2.80 million boys and 2.83 million girls , total 5.63 million children (2.83 % children of total enrolment) are deprived from drinking water facility in schools
Source: Calculation based on DISE, 2011-12,NUEPA, New Delhi
Rajasthan3.35
Tripura13.76
Mizoram8.21
Manipur3.57
Nagaland20.34
Arunachal Pradesh10.57
Sikkim1.69
Jammu & Kashmir10.13
Uttar Pradesh0.76
West Bengal1.35
NCT of Delhi0.00Haryana0.21
Uttarakhand2.34
Chandigarh0.00Punjab0.01
Himachal Pradesh0.67
Bihar3.52
Dadra & Nagar Haveli0.28
Puducherry0.00
Tamil Nadu0.00
Kerala0.29
Lakshadweep0.00
Goa0.17Karnataka0.40
Meghalaya31.87
Maharashtra2.31
Assam17.98
Daman & Diu0.00
Gujarat0.00Madhya Pradesh1.46
Chhattisgarh4.80Orissa3.55
Jharkhand6.10
Andaman & Nicobar Islands1.04
Andhra Pradesh6.64
Total Less than 0.50% (13)0.51%-2.50% (8)More than 2.50% (14)
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Availability of toilet facility (any type) by management and area , 2011-12
Out of 14.12 lakh schools only
2,35,010 Schools (17.64%) do not
have any type of toilet facility , out of
them 1,84,820 schools are Government
schools
1,71,691 (17.19%) Government
schools in rural area do not have any
type of toilet facility
24.32 million (12.36 million boys and
11.96 girls ) are deprived from any
type toilet facility
Source: Calculated from raw data
Rural Urban Total
Govt. 82.81 83.47 82.86
Pvt. 80.45 93.39 84.95
Total 82.39 89.40 83.36
Percentage of schools
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In states like Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra, one toilet is used by more than 100 students.
NGP Study, CMS, 2010
41.057.5
65.9 68.085.6 88.6
103.6113.6
126.8
145.3 149.3
242.5
89.5
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
220.0
240.0
260.0
Kera
la
Him
acha
l Pra
desh
Andh
ra P
rade
sh
Hary
ana
Raja
stha
n
Utta
r Pra
desh
Mah
aras
htra
Karn
atak
a
Chha
ttisg
arh
Wes
t Ben
gal
Trip
ura
Biha
r
Tota
l
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National Average- 22.77%Best- 0% ChandigarhWorse- 57.15 % Meghalaya
Percentage of girls deprived from separate toilet facility to total enrolment 2010-12
Source: Calculation based on DISE, 2011-12,NUEPA, New Delhi
Rajasthan3.07
Tripura31.89
Mizoram29.81
Manipur10.64
Nagaland22.91
Arunachal Pradesh39.98
Sikkim10.61
Jammu & Kashmir51.91
Uttar Pradesh20.76
West Bengal31.24
NCT of Delhi1.56Haryana4.35
Uttarakhand21.65
Chandigarh0.00Punjab6.71
Himachal Pradesh2.70
Bihar46.11
Dadra & Nagar Haveli16.80
Puducherry1.94
Tamil Nadu12.61
Kerala12.58
Lakshadweep18.54
Goa12.17Karnataka2.63
Meghalaya57.15
Maharashtra12.82
Assam43.57
Daman & Diu13.93
Gujarat0.26Madhya Pradesh19.66
Chhattisgarh39.36Orissa52.77
Jharkhand29.93
Andaman & Nicobar Islands6.04
Andhra Pradesh27.30Total 10% or less than 10% (10)10.01-25.00% (13)More than 25% (12)
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Dysfunctional toilets
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Dysfunctional toilets
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Functionality
Source : Analytical Tables,2011-12, NUEPA
DISE ASER0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
69.7
49.1
12.5
38.7
17.812.2
Funtional girls toilet Toilet available but not functioning Not Available
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What are the bottlenecks in delivery of WinS?
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What are the key bottlenecks in wins? Coverage gaps/inadequacy Functionality and poor O & M costs Equity – boys and girls, challenged Water availability Technical skills – construction, child friendly designs etc Capacity gaps Lack of Awareness - behaviour related concerns Water quality issues Lack of hand-washing facilities with soap Budgets – low unit cost Convergence Data gaps Monitoring
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Development goal
WASH in Schools for ALL
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Institutionalizing handwashing with soap before the Mid Day
Meal
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Source: Fewtrell et al., 2005
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Handwashing with soap: Key evidences
One-third of deaths in among children in India is due to diarrhoea and respiratory infections.
Handwashing with soap : one of the most cost‐effective interventions to prevent diarrhoeal related deaths and disease (Cairncross and Valdmanis 2006).
Handwashing at critical times (before eating or preparing food and after using the toilet ‐ can reduce diarrhoea rates by almost 40 per cent (3IE 2009).
handwashing in institutions such as primary schools and daycare centers reduce the incidence of diarrhoea by an average of 30 per cent (Cochrane 2008).
Handwashing promotion in schools: reducing absenteeism among primary school children. In China, promotion and distribution of soap in primary schools resulted in 54% fewer days of absence among students compared to schools without such an intervention (Bowen et al 2007)
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What is Fit For School Innovative school health concept. Simple and modular Focus on daily skill based activities rather than
health education.(tooth brushing, handwashing, deworming)
Active involvement of non-health professionals (teachers)
Very cost effective
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The concept (FIT FOR SCHOOL, Philippines)
• Children make eye contact, receive and share messages on the importance of this practice (positive aspiration), which includes all peers (equity)
• It is a fun activity
Health, attendance impact from this program
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Simple designs and scalable approach
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Part of school daily time table
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Institutionalizing mass handwashing with soap in India
What is required: • Simple multiple handwashing stands in every school.
• Include mass handwashing with soap before MDM by all children, teachers and cooks.
• Make soaps available on a sustained basis. • Designated time before the MDM is served• Make teachers monitor this practice and SMCs responsible
for oversight. • Effective Monitoring(sms based or other methods) at the
national level - Child Cabinets can support in data validation.
Mid Day Meal provides an excellent platform to reach 110 million children in 1.4 million schools
in India
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Group Hand washing facility costs Rs. 8000/-
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Institutionalising Child Cabinet
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Key interventions
Training
Information Support
Benchmarking
Recognition and Award
Strengthening supply side
Convergence through DAP
Peer learning
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Service Level Benchmarking to Promote Universal Access to Water and Sanitation in Schools
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What is benchmarking? Benchmarking is a process of
Measuring performance and practices in key areas,
comparing them with best practice subsequent translation of this best
practice into use (by introducing infra, capacities, process);
leading to superior performance – Performance improvement
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Benchmarking – Improving by Comparing
“BEST IN CLASS” -> TARGET
Performance at present ?
or is performance here?
or… here?
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Water Supply Source of safe and reliable
drinking water Availability of safe and reliable
drinking water Availability of water for
personal hygiene Quality of water
Sanitation Separate toilet for boys and
girls Functional toilet facilities for
day schools and residential schools
Adequate number of functional toilets for boys and girls and children with special needs
Monitoring Maintenance of water storage Monitoring food preparation Cleaning of toilets and
classrooms Supervision and reporting
mechanisms for cleaning staff Cleaning and maintenance plan Clean and safe school
environment Safe disposal of waste water Hygiene promotion
Indicator GROUPS
Hygiene Separate hand wash facilities
for use after toilet and after meals
Provision for hand wash (toilets)
Provision for hand wash (meals)
Provision of soap Hygiene education Safe midday meal facilities Safe disposal of solid waste
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• Daily routines
to promote healthy habits
• Incremental
improvements
• Meeting
national standards
THE THREE STAR APPROACH
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INDICATOR GROUPS
Benchmarking
School Sanitatio
n
Water
Hygiene
Food Safety
Monitoring
Sanitation
17 Indicators across 5 groups
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Benchmarking - ProcessBenchmarking indicators developed during the course being
tested in 305 schools of Unakoti district, Tripura
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Results of Benchmarking Exercise in East Godavari and Unakoti Districts
East Godavari Unakoti
1 Star Schools
7 83
No Star Schools
197 222
25
125
225
325N
o o
f S
ch
ools
teste
d
Source: ASCI, 2013
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Agents of ChangeWho are they ?Where are they situated ?What is their role?What is their influence?
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Needs assessment frameworkSTATE
DISTRICT
VILLAGE
MANDAL
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Lo
w
POWER
High
•Director, Panchayati Raj Dept. •State/District Coordinator-NBA
•Executive Engineer, PHED •Additional Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad
•Secretary, MDWS •Director, WSSO
•Minister, MDWS •DRDA Consultant
•State Minister for school education (SE) •Director, RWS
•State Minister for school education (PE &SSA) •Child cabinet, Teachers, Headmaster, SMC, Parents,
•Secretaries - School education and Literacy, Sanitation , Water Supply
•Village Education Committee, Gram Panchayat Secretary
•District Education Officer •SE, RWS
•District Magistrate/District Collector •State/District Project Officer/s, SSA
•Deputy Education Officer •PD, CCDU
•MPS, MLAs •NGOs
•Minister, MHRD •PO, ICDS
•Media •PD, State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM)
•Municipal Commissioner •District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM)
KEEP SATISFIED MANAGE CLOSELY
MONITOR KEEP INFORMED•Additional Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad
•Additional District Magistrate
•District Development Officer •Education Professionals
•District Project Coordinator, Education Dept •CEO, Zilla Parishad
•Mandal Parishad Development Officer •Project Director, DRDA
•Cluster Resource Person •Mandal Education Officer
Low INTEREST/CONCERN High
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Certification Programme - Illustration
Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan – Sanitation coordinators & motivators
Potential change campaignsNeed critical mass in each districtCertification course
Standardization Knowledge gain measured
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ADDRESSING CAPACITY NEEDS
In response to the capacity needs for effective
delivery of WASH, UNICEF and ASCI with the
support of Ministry of Drinking Water and
Sanitation (MDWS), Government of India are
launching :
Leadership course for professionals in the field of Water,
Sanitation and Hygiene.
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The Course is aimed at enhancing skills and knowledge for effective planning and management of WinS
Adapted from the WASH in Schools e- course, developed by the Centre forGlobal Safe Water, Rollins School of PublicHealth, Emory University and UNICEF New York.
Certification Course Phase 1 – 3 days – Face to face training Phase 2 – 2 months – Field Project Report (FPR)
Vision : Critical mass of change champions to achieve WinS outcomes
WinS Leadership Course
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THE LAUNCH – Aug 4, 2013
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Other events and modes of delivery Short term programmes for officers at the
state and district level, principals etc Sensitization workshops for Administrators
and Politicians Blended learning – Video Conference
through NIC E-learning models Study tours Peer learning
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Achieving scale Retail to wholesale Partnerships
LBSNAA – to reach out to administrators – MOU
State ATI – Field officers, school principals Key resource centres – 24 nos – TOT
Our short term mission : About 50 institutes are ready to deliver WinS CB programmes
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District Action Plan (DAP)
District Action Plan (DAP) is a comprehensive
medium term plan
Prepared in a consultative framework
Aimed at achieving WinS vision and goals
Assesses the current status of school
Strategies for improving infrastructure, financing,
capacity building, and institutional framework
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Schemes for financing WASH and Capacity building Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA)
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP)
NAREGA
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWS)
Public Health Engineering Department (PHED)
CSR