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All About the Water and the air and the roads and the noise
and«.
The Potential Impacts
of Gas Drilling on
West Virginia
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Chesapeake antes up µbig¶ deal
9/16/2009 Scranton Times-Tribune.
600 Friendsville Group property owners of some 37,000 acres in Wyoming County,PA received a final offer on Tuesday,Sept. 15, 2009, of $5,750 an acre and
royalties of 20 percent.
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www.wvsoro.org
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Scale of everything greater Larger - well pad is 3 to 6 acres (plus more for water storage)Deeper ± 5,000 to 7,000 feet in WVLonger - drilling and fracking time is weeks or
months with lights, dust and noise fromequipment 24/7Hundreds of tractor trailersWater used is 1 to 6 million gallons per frack per
well - with several wells on each well pad and
multiple fracks per wellWastewater is millions of gallons too,
although most of it stays in the ground
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Well site during active drilling to the Marcellus Shale formation in Upshur County, West Virginia, in 2008. (An additional water storage pit is not inthe photo.)
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The Jonah natural gas field, in Wyoming's upper Green River Valley
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Clearing for well pad
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Trucks are the first set of problems people have to
contend with
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Route 89 West of Blake Ridge closed for long period of time without
9-1-1 being notified. April 19, 2010.
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UIC
Water treatment plantsGroundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Pa. Streams Drained Dry By Drillers
WTAE-TV November 13, 2008
Aug. 27, 2008: Pennsylvania's DEPinvestigates reports that a gas drillingcompany "pumped dry" Sugarcamp Run
in Independence Township, WashingtonCounty.
Aug. 1, 2007: A driller pumps water from
Cross Creek in Hopewell Township,Washington County, "down to the rockson the bed of the stream," according toDEP.
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Quiet Dell residents concerned aboutwhat trucks are doing along the banks
of Suds RunThe Exponent Telegram (Clarksburg) October 12, 2009
For about a year now, Cecilia Rochinich has seenwhite oil and gas industry trucks parked along
the banks of Suds Run with hoses leading intothe water. The number of trucks greatlyincreased during Labor Day weekend, ³OnSaturday, Sunday and Monday, I counted howmany trucks were there at a time,´ she said. ³I¶m
minimizing when I say that I saw two dozentrucks in just those three days. I just think it¶sweird, you know, that you would take the water out when it¶s so low.´
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UICWater treatment plants
Groundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Monongahela River entering PA exceeded the limitof 500 mgl causing expensive operational and
emission problems for U.S. Steel at its ClairtonCoke Works and the Green Co power plant, andcited damage to residential hot water heaters,dishwashers and washing machines.
The COE ordered releases from Tygart andStonewall dams to dilute the Mon River duringdrought conditions causing potential threats toaquatic life, municipal water supplies and river
navigation.PA ordered several waste treatment plants to stop
receiving drilling wastewater.
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UICWater treatment plants
Groundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Fracing Fluid Contents
Halliburton said 99 percent of its fluid wasmade up of sand and water, and theremaining chemicals complied with stateand federal regulations.
This is completely disingenuous, since theyare exempt from regulation.
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Petroleum Distillates are a Major
ConcernDecember 12, 2008
The leading reason to prevent natural gas drilling
and hydraulic fracturing near drinking water supplies is the use of petroleum distillates.
Petroleum distillates are likely to contain benzene.
The EPA has found benzene to be a known
human carcinogen that is toxic in water at levelsgreater that five parts per billion.
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Figures from NY DEC¶s draft EIS
Water to fracture a well = 1 ± 8 million gallons
Friction reducer (petroleum distillates) = .08%
Petroleum distillates (PD) = 800 ± 6,400 gals/well
Levels of benzene in PD = 700 ± 93,000 ppm(published levels of benzene in PD likely to be used)
So, levels of benzene for one well range from140
,000
times to18
.6
million times the EPA¶ssafe level
It would take 896 million to 119 billion gallons of water to dilute the benzene to EPA safe levels.
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UICWater treatment plants
Groundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UICWater treatment plants
Groundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Out of site, out of mind?
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UICWater treatment plants
Groundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UICWater treatment plants
Groundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Cementing phase
This is the most critical phase of drilling
Inspectors should always be there
It takes 8 hours for the cement to setIf drilling begins again before the cement
sets, it can cause cracks and spaces upand down the cementing of the casing.
Bad cement jobs are a leading cause of groundwater contamination
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Consumption ± where will it come from?Wastewater disposal ± where will it go?
TDS (total dissolved solids)
Fracing fluids ± what are they?Land application (Fernow)UICWater treatment plants
Groundwater contaminationDrilling problems (cementing)Pit burial
Water Issues
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Things that can gowrong
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THE TIMES LEADER
August 10
Report: Firms commit 1,435
infractions in Pa. in 30 months
DEP lists 952 of them as ³having or likely to have
an impact on the environment.´
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Methane Leaks
Methane is the largest component of natural gas. Since it evaporates out of
drinking water, it is not consideredtoxic, but in the air it can lead toexplosions. When methane is found
in water supplies, it can also signalthat deeply drilled gas wells are linkedwith drinking water systems.
Gas leak prompts evacuation in Jackson
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Gas leak prompts evacuation in JacksonCounty
Charleston Gazette November 16, 2009
WALTERS RUN, W.Va. -- A major gas leak in JacksonCounty prompted an evacuation of the Walters Run areaon Monday evening.
The gas line was ruptured about 5 p.m. and was stoppedafter more than an hour, but emergency crews weretesting the air quality in the area before allowing peopleto go back to their homes, according to a JacksonCounty 911 dispatcher.
People in the area were told to evacuate and head north onW.Va. 21, according to the dispatcher.
The gas leak shut down a two-mile stretch of W.Va. 21 inboth directions. The dispatcher said people wereexpected to be allowed to return to their homes around 8 p.m.
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EXPLOSIONS
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Methane was found in the water at 16
homes in the small town of Dimrock, PADimock resident Norma Fiorentino's
drinking water well exploded on New
Year's morning. The blast was so strong ittossed aside a several-thousand-poundconcrete slab.
A methane leak led to an explosion that
killed a couple and their 17-month-oldgrandson.
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171 Mardi Gras Drive. Plum Borough, PennsylvaniaMarch 5, 2008
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SPILLS
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Answers few in fracking fluid spill
Clarksburg Exponent Telegram Friday, October 23, 2009
Nearly two months after a large fracing fluid
spill was discovered in a DoddridgeCounty stream, state environmentalinspectors still say they don¶t know what
caused the contamination.
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PROBLEMSTruck trafficDraining of streams and riversTDS on land and in surface watersContamination of groundwater with fracking fluid
Future impacts of UIC?Pits and liners ± buried on siteImpoundment failuresMethane leaks
ExplosionsSpills
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More Problems
Unknown effects of drilling in karst
Air pollution from compressor stations
Venting and FlaringNoise
NORMS (Naturally Occuring
Radioactive Materials)Eminent Domain for pipelines
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NORMS
The organic matter in black shales is the materialthat generates the gas. It also has an affinity for attracting radionuclides, mainly uranium. In fact,the drillers target intervals for horizontal boreholesand hydrofracturing based on radioactivity
measured with a wireline gamma ray log. The drill cuttings from the horizontal boreholes are
often from the most radioactive zones in theformation. There are many tons of thesegenerated from borings that may be thousands of feet long that will then leach radionuclides as theyare exposed to oxygen and rain water.
The second NORM issue is the possibleentrainment of radionuclides in the flowback water
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Eminent Domain for Pipelines
Though pipeline companies areprivate, federal law gives them theright to take property for pipelines
through eminent domain
They must go through a hearing
process, so they look for alternativesfirst.
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Pipelines mean compressor stations
Compressor stations mean methaneleaks
Methane is 20 times more potent than
CO2
as a greenhouse gas
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Photographs by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
To the naked eye, no emissions from an oil
storage tank are visible. But viewed with ainfrared lens, escaping methane is evident.
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NO PROTECTION
WV DEP has no restrictions on water withdrawal
WV DEP has no TDS limit
WV DEP has no requirements on disposal of
fracking fluids or disclosure of their contents
Gas drilling is exempt from:
Safe Drinking Water Act
Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
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Regulation?
There are more than 45,000 active gas wells inWest Virginia. The number of well work permitsissued varies from 900 to 3,000 each year (which is projected to increase dramatically with
Marcellus shale drilling).The drilling of new wells requires several visits by
an inspector, and each active well should beinspected at least once annually.
Yet, WV has a total of only 17 inspectors (3 hiredin the last 2 years).
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SO WHAT CAN WE DO?
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Local actions
Talk to your neighbors (educate them)
Write letters to the editor
Write to your state representativesCall on them
Take a group to the County Commission
Take picturesGather stories
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WV Legislation needed
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WV Legislation needed
1) Control of water withdrawals2) Deep well spacing for Marcellus shale wells3) Establishment of TDS limits4) Disclosure and control of fracturing fluids
5) Increased permit fees6) Synthetic liner requirement for all pits & impoundments7) Removal of all wastewater, pit contents and pit liners
to authorized waste disposal facilities9) Documentation of where all waste is taken
10) Emergency plans for spills and accidents includingnotification of down gradient landowners
11) More««.
While natural gas is a valuable commodity
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While natural gas is a valuable commodity,it is not as valuable as clean water.
We cannot survive without clean water.If the aquifiers are contaminated we will nolonger have clean water, any of us.