CAT.8100D
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
Application Guidelines for Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
1. Circuit Design
(1) Pleasemakesure theapplicationandmountingconditions towhich thecapacitorwillbeexposed toarewithin theconditionsspecifiedincatalogoralternateproductspecification(Referredtoasspecificationhereafter).
(2) Operatingtemperatureandappliedripplecurrentshallbewithinthespecification.
qThecapacitorshallnotbeusedinanambienttemperaturewhichexceedstheoperatingtemperaturespecifiedinthespecification.
wDonotapplyexcessivecurrentwhichexceedstheallowableripplecurrent.
(3) Appropriatecapacitorswhichcomplywiththeliferequirementoftheproductsshouldbeselectedwhendesigningthecircuit.
(4) Aluminumelectrolyticcapacitorsarepolarized. Makesure thatno reversevoltageorACvoltage isapplied to thecapacitors.Pleaseusebi-polarcapacitorsforacircuitthatcanpossiblyseereversedpolarity.
Note:Evenbi-polarcapacitorscannotbeusedforACvoltageapplication.
(5) Foracircuitthatrepeatsrapidcharging/dischargingofelectricity,anappropriatecapacitorthatiscapableofenduringsuchaconditionmustbeused.Weldingmachinesandphotoflashareafewexamplesofproductsthatcontainsuchacircuit. In addition, rapidcharging / dischargingmaybe repeated in control circuits for servomotors, Inwhich thecircuitvoltagefluctuatessubstantially.
Forappropriatechoiceofcapacitorsforcircuitthatrepeatrapidcharging/discharging,pleaseconsultNichicon. If excessa rushcurrentdue todrastic charge/dis-chargewasapplied to conductivepolymeraluminumsolid
electrolyticcapacitors,itmaycauseashortcircuitoranincreaseinleakagecurrent.Therefore,Pleasedonotapplyarushcurrentthatislargerthan10A.
( 6 ) Makesurethatnoexcessvoltage(thatis,higherthantheratedvoltage)isappliedtothecapacitor.
qPleasepayattentionsothatthepeakvoltage,whichisDCvoltageoverlappedbyripplecurrent,willnotexceedtheratedvoltage.
wInthecasewheremorethan2aluminumelectrolyticcapacitorsareusedinseries,pleasemakesurethatappliedvoltagewillbelowerthanratedvoltageandthevoltagebewillappliedtoeachcapacitorequallyusingabalancingresistorinparallelwiththecapacitors.
Pleasedonotuseconductivepolymeralminumsolidelectrolyticcapacitors for theapplication listedbelow,sincethesolidorganicpolymeraluminumelectrolyticcapacitorcannotreachit'smaximumperformance.1)Couplingcircuits2)R-Ctimingcircuit3)Highimpedancevoltageretentioncircuit4)Circuits,whichextremelylowvoltageincomparedtotheratedvoltageisonlyapplie5)Circuits,whicharegreatlyaffectedbyleakagecurrentsforspecialusesuchasmultiplepartsusedinaseries,
pleasecontactusforrecommendations.
( 7 ) Aluminumelectrolyticcapacitorsmustbeelectricallyisolatedasfollows: Thealuminumcaseand thecathode foilareconnectedby theunstableresistanceofanaturally formedoxide layer
insidethealuminumcaseandtheelectrolyte.
q(a)Caseandnegativeterminal(exceptaxialleadedpartsuchasJISconfiguration02type) (b)Caseandpositiveterminal (c)Caseandcircuitpattern
w (a)Auxialiary terminal of can type suchas JIS style symbol 693, 694or 695andnegativeandpositive terminal,includingthecircuitpattern.
eCaseandbothterminalsofabi-polarizedcapacitor.
CAT.8100D
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
( 8 ) Outersleeveofthecapacitorisnotguaranteedasanelectricalinsulator.Donotuseastandardsleeveonacapacitorinapplications that require theelectrical insulation. Whentheapplicationrequiresspecial insulation,pleasecontactoursalesofficefordetails.
( 9 ) Capacitorsmayfailiftheyareusedunderthefollowingconditions:
q Environmental(climatic)conditions(a)Beingexposedtowater,hightemperature&highhumidityatmosphere,orcondensationofmoisture.(b)Beingexposedtooiloranatmospherethatisfilledwithparticlesofoil.(c)Beingexposedtosaltywateroranatmospherethatisfilledwithparticlesofsalt.(d) In anatmosphere filledwith toxicgasses (suchashydrogen sulfide, sulfurousacid, nitrousacid, chlorine,
bromine,methylbromide,ammonia,etc.).(e)Beingexposedtodirectsunlight,ozone,ultravioletray,orradication.( f )Beingexposedtoacidicoralkalinesolutions.
w Under severe conditionswhere vibration and/ormechanical shock exceed the applicable ranges of thespecifications.
(10)WhendesigningaP.C.board,pleasepayattentiontothefollowing:
qHavetheholespacingontheP.C.boardmatchtheleadspacingofthecapacitor.
wThereshouldnotbeanycircuitpatternorcircuitwireabovethecapacitorpressurereliefvent.
eUnlessotherwisespecified,followingclearanceshouldbemadeabovethepressurereliefvent. CaseDiameter ClearanceRequired φ 6.3to16mm 2mmormore φ 18to35mm 3mmormore φ 40mmormore 5mmormore
rIncasetheventsideisplacedtowardP.C.board (suchasendsealventedparts),makeacorrespondingholeontheP.C.boardtoreleasethegaswhenventisoperated.Theholeshouldbemadetomatchthecapacitorventposition.
tScrewterminalcapacitorsmustbe installedwith theirendsealside facingup. Whenyou installascrewterminalcapacitorlyingdown,theuppersidemustbethepressurereliefventorapositiveterminal.
(11) Themainchemical solutionof theelectrolyteand the separatorpaperused in thecapacitorsarecombustible. Theelectrolyte isconductive. When itcomesincontactwiththeP.C.board, there isapossibilityofpatterncorrosionorshortcircuitbetweenthecircuitpatternwhichcouldresultinsmokingorcatchingfire.
Donotlocateanycircuitpatternbeneaththecapacitorendseal.
(12)DonotdesignacircuitboardsothatheatgeneratingcomponentsareplacednearanaluminumelectrolyticcapacitororreversesideofP.C.board(underthecapacitor).
(13) Pleaserefertothepadsizelayoutrecommendationsinourcatalogwhendesigninginsurfacemountcapacitors.
(14) Electrical characteristicsmay varydependingonchanges in temperatureand frequency. Pleaseconsider thisvariationwhenyoudesigncircuits.
(15)Whenyoumountcapacitorsonthedouble-sidedP.C.boards,donotplacecapacitorsoncircuitpatternsoroveronunusedholes.
(16) ThetorqueforterminalscreworbracketsscrewsshallbewithinthespecifiedvalueonNichicon'sdrawings.(17)Whenyou installmore than2capacitors inparallel, consider thebalanceof current flowing through thecapacitors.
EspeciaIIy,Whena solidconductivepoIymeraluminumelectroIyticcapacitor anda standardaIuminumelectroIyticcapacitorareconectedinparallel,specialconsiderationmustbegiven.
(18) Ifmorethan2aluminumelectrolyticcapacitorsareusedinseries,makesuretheappliedvoltagewillbelowerthantheratedvoltageandthatvoltagewillbeappliedtoeachcapacitorequallyusingabalancingresistorinparallelwitheachcapacitor.
CAT.8100D
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
2. Mounting
( 1 ) Onceacapacitor hasbeenassembled in the set andpowerapplied,Even ifacapacitor isdischarged, anelectricpotential(restrikingvoltage)mayexistbetweentheterminals.
( 2 ) Electricpotential betweenpositiveandnegative terminalmayexistasaresultof returnedelectromotive force,sopleasedischargethecapacitorusinga1kΩ resistor.
( 3 ) Leakagecurrent of theparts that havebeen stored formore than2 yearsmay increase. If leakagecurrent hasincreased,pleaseperformavoltagetreatmentusing1kΩ resistor.
( 4 ) PleaseconfirmratingsbeforeinstallingcapacitorsontheP.C.board.
( 5 ) PleaseconfirmpolaritybeforeinstallingcapacitorsontheP.C.board.
( 6 ) Donotdropcapacitorsonthefloor,noruseacapacitorthatwasdropped.
( 7 ) Donotdamagethecapacitorwhileinstalling.
( 8 ) PleaseconfirmthattheleadspacingofthecapacitormatchestheholespacingoftheP.C.boardpriortoinstallation.
( 9 ) Snap-incantypecapacitorsuchasJISstylesymbol692,693,694and695typeshouldbeinstalledtightlytotheP.C.board(allownogapbetweentheP.C.boardanbottomofthecapacitor).
(10) PleasepayattentionthattheclinchforceisPleasemakesurethattheclinchforceisnotappliedonthemainbodyofthecondenserwhencapacitorsareplacedandfixedbyanautomaticinsertionmachine.
(11) Pleasepayattentiontothatthemechanicalshocktothecapacitorbysuctionnozzleoftheautomaticinsertionmachineorautomaticmounter,orbyproductchecker,orbycenteringmechanism.
(12)Handsoldering.
qSolderingconditionshallbeconfirmedtobewithinthespecification.
w If it isnecessarythat the leadsmustbeformedduetoamismatchof the leadspacetoholespaceontheboard,bendtheleadpriortosolderingwithoutapplyingtoomuchstresstothecapacitor.
eIfyouneedtoremovepartswhichweresoldered,pleasemeltthesolderenoughsothatstressisnotappliedtolead.
rPleasepayattentionsothatsolderirondoesnottouchanyportionofcapacitorbody.
(13)Flowsoldering(Wavesolder)
q Aluminumcapacitorbodymustnotbesubmergedintothesolderbath.Aluminumcapacitorsmustbemountedonthe"topside"oftheP.C.boardandonlyallowthebottomsideoftheP.C.boardtocomeincontactwiththesolder.
wSolderingconditionmustbeconfirmedtobewithinNichiconspecification.Soldertemperature:260 5oCImmersingleadtime:10 1second,ThicknessofP.C.board:1.6mm.
ePleaseavoidhavingfluxadheretoanyportionexcepttheterminal.
rPleaseavoidcontactbetweenothercomponentsandthealuminumcapacitor.
(14)Reflowsoldering(SMDonly)
q SolderingconditionmustbeconfirmedtobewithinNichiconspecification.(Pleaserefertopage19)
wWhenaninfraredheaterisused,pleasepayattentiontotheextentofheatingsincetheabsorptionrateofinfrared,willvaryduetodifferenceinthecolorofthecapacitorbody,materialofthesleeveandcapacitorsize.
CAT.8100D
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
(15)Soldeingflux Therearenon-halogentypesoffluxthatdonotcontainionichalides,butcontainmanynon-ionichalides.Whenthese
non-ionichalidesinfiltratethecapacitor,theycauseachemicalreactionthatisjustasharmfulastheuseofcleaningagents.Usesolderingfluxthatdosenotcontainnon-ionichalides.
(16) Shrinkage,bulgingand/orcrackingcouldbeseenontheoutersleeveofthecapacitorwhencapacitorsarekeptinformorethan2minutesat150°cambienttemperatureduringsolderingatreflowprocessorresincuringprocess.Applyinghightemperaturegasorheatraytocapacitorcancausethesamephenomenon.
(17)DonottiltlaydownortwistthecapacitorbodyafterthecapacitoraresolderedtotheP.C.board.
(18)DonotcarrytheP.C.boardbygraspingthesolderedcapacitor.
(19) Pleasedonotallowanythingtotouchthecapacitoraftersoldering.IfP.C.boardarestoredinastack,pleasemakesureP.C.boardortheothercomponentsdonottouchthecapacitor.
Thecapacitors shall notbeeffectedbyany radiatedheat from the solderedP.C.boardor other components aftersoldering.
(20)RecommendedCleaningCondition Applicable :Anytype,anyratings.
CleaningAgents BasedAlcoholesolventcleaningagent IsopropylAlcohol Basedwatersolventcleaningagent Premiumalcoholesolventtype PineAlphaST-100S NEWPOLEB-12 Surfactanttype CleanThrough750HS,750HN, 750K,750J
CleaningConditions: Totalcleaningtimeshallbenogreaterthan5minutesbyimmersion,ultrasonicorothermethod.
(Temperatureofthecleaningagentshallbe60oCmaximun.)Aftertheboardcleaninghasbeencompleted,thecapacitorsshouldbedriedusinghotairforaminimumnof10minutes.Ifthecleaningsolutionisinfiltratedbetweenthecaseandthesleeve,thesleevemightsoftenandswellwhenhotair temperature is toohigh.Therefore,hotair temperatureshouldnotexceedsofteningtemperature(80oC)of thesleeve.Insufficient dries afterwater rinsemaycauseappearanceproblems, suchas sleeve shrinking,bottom-platebulging.lnaddition,amonitoringofthecontaminationofcleaningagents(electricconductivity,pH,specificgravity,watercontent,etc.)mustbeimplemented.After thecleaning,donotkeep thecapacitors inanatmospherecontaining thecleaningagentor inanair tightcontainer.Inadditionregardingjetwashing,pleaseusecautionsincethesleevemayexpandcauseoftheangleand/orthestrengthofthewaterjet.Dependingonthecleaningmethod,themarkingonacapacitormaybeerasedorblurred.ConsultNichiconbeforeusingacleaningmethodoracleaningagentotherthanthoserecommended.
Theuseofhydro-chlorofluorocarbon(HCFC)isexpectedtobebannedinthefutureandNichicondoesnotrecommendtheuseofHCFCasacleaningagentconsideringitsimpactontheenvironment.WhenitisabsolutelynecessarytouseHCFC,cleaningispossibleunderthefollowingconditions:
CAT.8100D
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
(21)FixingMaterialandCoatingMaterial1)Donotuseanyaffixingorcoatingmaterials,whichcontainhalidesubstance.2)Removefluxandanycontamination,whichremainsinthegapbetweentheendsealandPCboard.3)PleasedrythecleaningagentonthePCboardbeforeusingaffixingorcoatingmaterials.4)Pleasedonotapplyanymaterialallaroundtheendsealwhenusingaffixingorcoatingmaterials.
Therearevariationsofcleaningagents,fixingandcoatingmaterials,sopleasecontactthosemanufactureoroursalesofficetomakesurethatthematerialwouldnotcauseanyproblems.
(22)OthersWoodenpackagematerialmaybesubjectedtofumigationbyahalogen(e.g.methylbromide)beforetheyareexportedinorder toprotect themagainstpests. Ifdeviceswithaluminumelectrolyticcapacitorsorcapacitors themselvesaredirectlyfumigatedorpackedwiththepalletthatisfumigated,thecapacitorsmayinternaIlycorrodeduetothehalogencontentsoffumigationagents.
3. In the equipment
( 1 ) Donotdirectlytouchterminalbyhand.
( 2 ) Donot shortbetween terminalswithconductor,norspill conductible liquidsuchasalkalineoracidicsolutiononornearthecapacitor.
( 3 ) Pleasemakesurethattheambientconditionswherethesetisinstallednothaveanyofthefollowingconditions:
AK-225AES
ApplicableSeries
CleaningAgent
Chip(SMD)Type
Chip(SMD)Type
MiniatureTypeConductivePolymerAluminumSolidElectrolyticCapacitors
ZD,ZR,ZE,ZG,ZS,ZP,ZT,WX,WR,WJ,WP,WT,WZ,WF,WG,UP,UT,UA,UL,CB,CW,CD,CL,CM,UD,WD,UB(50Vorless),WH,CJ,CZ,CX,UR,WS,UX(100Vorless),UQ,UN,UE,BC,UG(100Vorless)UJ(100Vorless)
CF,CJ,CK,CG,CS,CV,CX,CRLF,LE,LG,LS,LV,LX
MiniatureTyp
e
Alum
inum
Electrolytic
Cap
acito
rs Ultra-MiniatureType
StandardProducts
High-ReliabilityType
ForSpecialCircuit
ForAudioUse
MA,MP,MT,MF,SA,SR,SP,ST,SF
VK(100Vorless)VR(100Vorless)VY(100Vorless)VZ(100Vorless)RS(100Vorless)RZ(100Vorless)RU(100Vorless)RY(100Vorless)VP,EP
PM(100Vorless)PW(100Vorless)TT,PA,HV,HD,HE,HWPJ(100Vorless)PS(100Vorless)PV,PX,BT(100Vorless)BW,BX(100Vorless)
KLVX02type(100Vorless)
KA,KZ,FG,KT,KW,FW,SW,MW,ES,DB
StandardProducts LS(100Vorless)
High-ReliabilityType
Within5minutes,totalcleaningtimebyimmersion,vaporspray,orultrasonicandsuch.ForSMDandultra-miniaturetype,within2minutestotalcleaningtime.(Temp.ofagent:40oCorbelow)
CleaningConditions
GU(100Vorless)GYLar
geCa
nType
Please contact us about the FPCAP.
CAT.8100D
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
qBeingexposedtowater,hightemperature&highhumidityatmosphere,orcondensationofmoisture.
wBeingexposedtooiloranatmospherethatisfilledwithparticlesofoil.
eBeingexposedtosaltywateroranatmospherethatisfilledwithparticlesofsalt.
rInanatmospherefilledwithtoxicgasses(suchashydrogensulfide,sulfurousacid,nitrousacid,chlorine,bromine,methylbromide,ammonia,etc.).
tBeingexposedtoacidicoralkalinesolutions.
ySince shrinkage,bulgingand/or crackcouldbe seenonouter sleeveof capacitorwhencapacitorsareused inatmospherewherecondensationofmoistureoccures,pleaseconfirmtheiradaptationbeforetheuse.
Thecondensationofmoisturecouldoccurewhen temperaturecycling test /Rapidchangeof temperature test isperformed,inthiscase,aforementionedsleeveproblemcouldbeseen.
4. Maintenance Inspection
( 1 ) Pleaseperiodically inspect thealuminumcapacitors that are installed in industrial equipment. The following itemsshouldbechecked:
qAppearance:Remarkableabnormalitysuchasventoperation,leakingelectrolyteetc.
w Electrical characteristic:Capacitance,dielectric loss tangent, leakagecurrent, and items specified in thespecification.
5. In an Emergency
( 1 ) Ifyouseesmokeduetooperationofsafetyvent,turnoffthemainswitchorpullouttheplugfromtheoutlet.
( 2 ) Donotbringyour facenearthecapacitorwhenthepressurereliefventoperates. Thegassesemittedfromthatareover100oC.Ifthegasgetsintoyoureyes,pleaseflushyoureyesimmediatelyinpurewater.Ifyoubreathethegas,immediatelywashoutyourmouthandthroatwithwater.Donotingestelectrolyte.Ifyourskinisexposedtoelectrolyte,pleasewashitawayusingsoapandwater.
6. Storage
( 1 ) ltisrecommendedtokeepcapacitorsbetweentheambienttemperaturesof5oCto35oCandarelativehumidityof75%orbelow.
( 2 ) Pleasemakesure theambientstorageconditionswillbe free from theconditions thatare listed inclause1. "CircuitDesign"at(9).
Inordertomaintainthesatisfactorysolderingconditionforconductivepolymeraluminumsolidelectrolyticcapacitors,thefollowingitemsmustbestrictlyadheredto.1) Partsshouldbestoredsealedinabaguntiltheyareactuallyused.2) Oncethesealedbagiscutopen,allthepartsshouldbeusedatonetime.Ifnot,thentheremainingpartsshouldbe
placesinabagandsealedwithtape.3) Inordertomaintainagoodsolderabilityoftheparts,shelflifeofpartsshouldnotexceed1year.
CAT.8100D
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
7. Disposal
( 1 )Takeeitherofthefollowingmethodsindisposingofcapacitors.
qMakeaholeinthecapacitorbodyorcrushcapacitorsandincineratethem.
wIfincinerationisnotapplicable,handthemovertoawastedisposalagentandhavethemburiedinalandfilI.
( 2 )Whenremovingacapacitorfromthecircuitboardorwhendisposingofcapacitorpleaseensurethatthecapacitorisproperlydischarged.
ESR, Impedance Measuring Point Radial lead type ESR should be measured at both of the terminal ends closest to the capacitor body.
Chip type ESR should be measured at both of the terminal ends closest where the terminals protrude through the plastic platform.
TheabovementionedmaterialaccordingtoEIAJRCR-2367B(issuedinMarch,2002),titled"Guidelineofnotabiliaforaluminumelectrolyiccapacitorsforuseinelectronicequipment".Pleaserefertothebookfordetails.
Capacitance (µF) Code
0.1 0R1 0.47 R47 1 010 2.2 2R2 22 220 220 221 2200 222 22000 223
Rated voltage Code (V)
2.5 0E 4 0G 5.5 0L 6.3 0J 10. 1A 16. 1C 20. 1D 25. 1E 35. 1V 50. 1H 63. 1J 80 1K 100 2A 110 2Q
Cap. tol. (%) Code
±10 K ±20 M –10 to +30 Q –10 to +50 T Special A
Conductive polymer type (CA32,04)
P
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Chip type Radial lead type (CE32,04)
U
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Axial lead type (CE02)
T
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Can type (CE621,622,692, 694,695,331)
L
Type numbering system
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Type Series name Rated voltage Rated capacitance Capacitance Configuration Size tolerance code
Rated voltage Code (V) 125 2B 160 2C 180 2Z 200 2D 220 2P 250 2E 315 2F 350 2V 400 2G 420 W6 450 2W 500 2H 550 2L 630 2J
See pages
29, 95 to 97See pages
31 to 364
See pages
31 to 364
Taped,lead cut / formedSee pages20 to 22
Specification code
Large Can Type
Miniature Type
1 Please contact us about the FPCAP.
1
CAT.8100D
OVERSEAS FACTORY PRODUCTION ITEMS LIST
™ ™
™ ™
™ --
™™
™™
™™
™ --
Type Classification Series NICHICON(MALAYSIA)SDN.BHD.
NICHICONELECTRONICS(WUXI)CO.,LTD.
ChipAluminumElectrolyticCapacitors ChipType
WX,WR,WJ,WT,
WZ,WF,WG,UT,
UA, UL,CD, UD,
WD,UB,WH,UR,
WS,UX
WP,UP
MA,MT,SA,SR,ST
VK,VR,VY,VZ
VP,EP
PM,PW,HD,HE,HW,
PJ,PS
HV,PV,PT,PZ,
CA,CS,LD
BT
KL
AQ,AS
FW
MW,SW
LS,LG
GU,GN,GG,GJ,
GY,GX
KG,KS,KX
™ --
™™
™--
™ ™
™ ™
™ --
™
--
--
applicableSizeD=φ 63to100
L=80to200L
Pleasecontactusfordetails.
Ultra-MiniatureType
StandardType
HighReliabilityType
SpecialEquipment
ForAudioEquipment
StandardType
HighReliabilityType
ForAudioEquipment
MiniatureAluminum
ElectrolyticCapacitors
LargeCanAluminum
ElectrolyticCapacitors
ScrewTerminalElectrolyticCapacitors
However,pleasecontactusbecausetheremaybeaseries,sizethatcannotbeproducedatagivenfactory.
ALUMINUMELECTROLYTICCAPACITORS
™ ™
