m hc l g ? m hc l mt nhnh ca vt l hc, nghin cu v s lan truyn ca sng m thanh trong cc loi mi trng v s tc ng qua li ca n vi vt cht.KIN TRC L G ? Kin trc l mt ngnh ngh thut v khoa hc v sp xp khng gian, thit k cc cng trnh kin trc. m hc kin trc bao gm cc phn chnh sau: m hc phng khn gi. Chng n v cch m. Thit k h thng chng n, chng rung trong c hc v h thng m thanh in t.Yu cu cht lng m hc/v phng khn gi 1. nh ngha. 2. Phn loi. Theo c im ca m thanh. Theo c im ca ngun m. 3. nh gi cht lng m hc ca phng khn gi. Ch quan. Khch quan. NGUYN L M HNH HC a >> : hin tng phn x nh hng. Thit k phng m hc theo nguyn l m hnh hc. Hnh ch nht. Hnh thang. Hnh qut. Hnh lc gic. Hnh bu dc. Cc hin tng xu v m hc Hin tng ting di. Hin tng hi t m thanh. m i men phng. TRNG M KHUCH TN khuch tn cng cao th m thanh nghe cng sinh ng v hp dn. khuch tn cao bng p sut m gn nh nhau ti mi v tr ca phng. ngha: ng u ln v mc m cc ch ngi. To s tng gim mc m ti cc ch ngi tng i u n, khng c tng v gim mnh. Lm cho m thanh trong phng tr nn du dng v m cng. TRNG M KHUCH TN Bin php to trng m khuch tn: Phn chia cc b mt theo cu to chu k. B tr vt liu ht m. THIT K PHNG KHN Gi THEO THI GIAN M VANG m vang: Hin tng m thanh cn ngn di khi ngun m ngng tc dng. Thi gian m vang: thi gian cn thit mc nng lng m gim i 60dB hoc ti im khng th nghe c na. Vi V: th tch ca phng (m3) S.o:lng ht m ca phng (m3) 0.16( ).VTsS o= R r tt = ting ni hiu c d dng. Ph thuc: Hnh dng kch thc ca phng. c im ca ngun m pht ra. Thi gian m vang. Mc n trong phng. S ch ca ngi nghe. TNG CNG R Tng cng nng lng m trc tip to iu kin m trc tip truyn tt nht n tai ngi nghe. Tng dc ca sn. Chn hnh dng phng hp l. Ch tnh nh hng ca ngun m. Nu T di lm gim T bng cch t vt liu ht m iu chnh thi gian m vang. C nhng bin php chng n trong phng. To nhng b mt phn x gn sn khu a phn x m ra ch ngi cui phng. V D V THIT KPHNG KHN Gi KYOTO CONCERT HALL Thng tin Sc cha: 1833 ch ngi Th tch phng: 20.000 m3. Din tch phng: 6.300 m2. Khu vc sn khu: 245 m2. Thi gian m vang (tn s trung): 2.0s Mc n nn: NC-15 Sydney Opera House Esplanade Theatre Cc ngun n v nh hng: Phn loi ting n:a. Theo ng lan truyn b. Theo thi gian tc dng c. Theo tn s d. Theo v tr tng i ca ngun nh hng ca ting n:a. nh hng n c quan thnh gicb.nh hng n h thn kinhc. nh hng h tiu ho CHNG TING N TRONG THNH PH 1.Ting n giao thng vn ti: Ting n trong thnh ph ch yu l do ting n do giao thng vn ti gy ra chim t (60 80)%. Mc n ca giao thng vn ti c coi l mc n chung ca dng xe chy trn ng gy ra (mc n tng cng ca nhiu xe). 2. Ting n trong cng nghip:Ting n c kh Ting n va chmTing n kh ngCHNG TING N TRONG THNH PH Bin php phng chng ting n A) Quy hoch vng Khu n: 80dBKhu : 60dBKhu yn tnh: 50dB1. Bin php quy hoch kin trc: B) Quy hoch giao thng S dng cy xanh chng n: Bin php phng chng ting n 2. Bin php k thut: Cy xanh trng gin on Di cy tn l rng c cy b thp di tn l: Bin php phng chng ting n 2. Bin php k thut: Tc dng: - H thp ting n - C s phn x m mi dy cy- Do s ht m v phn x m ca tn l.5m >gim ting n t 5 20dBBin php phng chng ting n 2. Bin php k thut: 1) (422 2 1 12 2 1 122 2 1 12 2 1 1= ++=||.|

\|+=R Tc cc cTc cc cRp pp pp pp pR : H s phn x nng lng T : H s truyn qua nng lng : Mt khi lng C : Vn tc truyn m (1) : vt liu 1 (2) : Vt liu 2 Cch m: Kho st v m rng kt qu ta c cmt s cch m tt bng cch xp tip ni nhau mt vt liu nng v cng vi mt vt liu nh v mm ( khng kh b giam trong lng cc vt liu ny ) Cch m: Lng cch m ca kt cu c xc nh bng cng thc: Trong : * L 1 : Mc p sut m ca phng c mc m cao * L 2: Mc p sut ca phng c mc m thpA : Lng ht m ca phng cch ly S(m2): Din tch ca b mt ngn cchCch m khng kh : 1 2'10.lg ( )SR L L dBA= +Thc t, mc p sut m va chm c quy i nh sau: LU : Mc m trong bnh o phng di sn cc tn s gi tr LU cng nh th sn cch m cng tt. Lngl lng cch m tng thm do

tc dng ht m ca phng. A0: Lng ht m tiu chun A0= 10m2 A: Lng ht m ca phng di snCch m: Cch m va chm : 10lg ( )V UoAL L dBA= 10.lg ( )oAdBA Qua thc nghim ta thy rng, sn ton khi & sn rng nu ch c lp chu lc vi lp mt lm sch th khng ngn cch ting n va chm. Do ngn cch ting n v chm thng x l 1 lp m n hi trn mt sn. Nh lp m ny, lng cch m ca sn s c tng thm. Tng t nh vy i vi trn v tng. Do cn phi la chn vt liu cch m tt v thit k tt khi xy dng. Cch m: Vt liu A Kt cu nhiu lp Cch m khng kh : Bin php Cch m: Cch m va chm : S dng trn treo Sn ni Bin php H thng thng gi viu ha khng kh (HVAC system) 1) Ting n t h thng c kh Nguyn nhn chnh to nn ting n t h thng c kh l nhng rung ng my to ra khi vn hnh H s truyn ng Tha s tt dn Tn s dao ng ring ca my Tn s dao ng ring ca thit b gim chn222 201 21 2ntn nFFenete ene e| |+ |\ .= = | | | | + || \ . \ . ::::ntnee m cch ly Gi cao su L xo Gi treo cch ly Gi khng kh Phn loi: 2) Ting n t h thng ng dnCc loi vt liu cch m Bt cht do (Plastic foam) Si khong vt (Mineral wool) Si thy tinh (Glass fibre) m lt ng B tiu m Lp bc ng Bin php x lI. STNGTHCHCAH THNGVIPHNGM. II. CCHCHN - NIT - NH HNGLOA. III.MTHANHINTNGY TRANG. I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M: 1/Ph m: Tn hiu Trng cm Ph m mt bi nhc Ph m Trng cm 2/ Chng ngi vt v hng tm nhn: - Cc bc sng di ca tn s thp c th nhiu x (hoc b cong) xung quanh cc i tng. - Cc bc sng ngn hn tn s cao b chn bi cc i tng trong ng i ca chng. I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M: 3/Xc nh c thi gian hi m(m vang): nh ngha: Thi gian m vang l thi gian cn thit mt nng lng m gim i 106 ln hay mc nng lng m gim i 60dB so vi tr s n nh trong qu trnh tt dn t do ca n khi ngun m ngng tc dng.I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M: 4/M phng trc khi lp t: a/ Phn mm CARA (ComputerAidedRoomAcoustics) I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M: I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M: b/ Auralization: l qu trnh dng hnh m thanh, bng hoc ton hc m hnh vt l, lnh vc m thanh ca mt ngun m trong mt khng gian. M hnh phng ha nhc ca hi trng Sigyn, nm Turku, Phn Lan. II. CCH CHN-NI T-NH HNG LOA: - Loa phng thanh cn phi c t trong mt ng nhn thng cho tt c cc thnh vin ca khn phng. - M hnh iu khin v kch thc loa: Nhng nh thit k h thng m thanh chn nhng loa sao cho vng ph sng ca chng ph hp vi vng nghe. - H thng phn phi m thanh bao gm nhiu loa. Mt dng ph bin ca h thng phn phi m l s dng loa chiu xung t trn nh, bao ph tng mt khu vc c th.- H thng m thanh ti u ha: ngoi loa phng thanh t, nhng h thng m thanh c thit k theo hng in t phi c iu chnh bng cch s dng thit b v k thut thch hp. Loa Point-and-Shoot v Vertical-Line-Array : - Loa phng thanh Point-and-shoot l loa truyn thng, bao ph mt khu vc nht nh ca khn phng. - Vertical-Line-Array ang tr nn ngy cng ph bin trong lp t nhng ng dng bi v s ci tin trc sau nh nhau ca vng ph sng v gc ph sng hp thng ng, kt qu l lm r r m thanh t hn sn khu v trn nh. II. CCH CHN-NI T-NH HNG LOA: Loa tr hon - lp y v cc h thng phn phi m thanh: Cc tn hiu lp y vo loa in t cn c tr hon m thanh v n tai ca ngi nghe ng thi gian ng b (ngha l, trong vng 30 ms) ca m thanh t cc loa chnh. II. CCH CHN - NI T - NH HNG LOA: III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG: 1/m thanh ngy trang l g? Mt h thng lc m thanh bao gm mt dn ni tip cc loa, thng c lp t pha trn trn treo, n phn phi mt m thanh nn trong ton b khng gian thit k.2/N hot ng nh th no?*To ra tn s m thanh nn cho trung ha ting n.*Cng ngh ny cn ba yu cu quan trng v m: - Phm vi ng thp: l s bin ng v m lng ca m thanh theo thi gian hay s khc bit gia cc mc m thanh cao im v m thanh nn.- T s tn hiu-m nn thp: T s khc bit cng ln, cc ting n cng d nghe hn.- m thanh nht qun ti a. 3/Cc loi h thng ngy trang m: a/H thng centralized (tp trung ha)A centralized system III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG: b/ H thng phn cp decentralized system : III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG: c/S pht trin gn y nht l h thng mng: A networked system III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG: Architectural Acoustics by Marshall Long www.wikipedia.org http://www.kineticsnoise.com http://www.noisecontrol.com http://www.industrialnoisecontrol.com V mt s ngun khc t Internet Ngun: