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America: The Beginning
UNIT 1
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Why?Economics
-materials and markets-land-GOLD!!!!!!-joint stock companies
Renaissance -sailing technologyReligious freedom -Inquisitions
-Reformation
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Early attempts
ROANOKE-Sir Walter Raleigh-”CROATOAN”???-lost colony
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SUCCESS????
JAMESTOWN-Chesapeake Bay, Virginia-Virginia Company (joint stock)-problems
-location- “gentlemen”-GOLD!!!!!-disease-starvation
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SUCCESS!!!!
Success-Captain John Smith
-”no work, no food”-relations with Powhattans
-John Rolfe-tobacco (Brown gold)
-Headright system-pay for a passage and get 50 acres
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-HOUSE OF BURGESES***first representative government***
Nathaniel Bacon-indian attacks-no government protection-BACON’S REBELLION
***first time the colonists show discontent with British rule***
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13 Colonies
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NEW ENGLAND COLONIESMassachusetts
-Plymouth -Pilgrims (Separatists)-Mayflower
-Mayflower Compact***America’s first self government***
- “Thanksgiving”
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-Massachusetts Bay-Puritans
- “purify the Church of England”- “God’s elect” (predestination)-strict adherence to church-John Winthrop
- “city on a hill”
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CHALLENGES TO THE PURITANS (INSIDE)-Roger Williams
-settlers had no right to Indian land-free to worship as they please-Providence, Rhode Island
**first break from the Puritans**-Anne Hutchinson
- you do not need church or ministers-interpret the Bible for yourself-challenged Predestination
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-Salem Witch Trials-people start to doubt Puritans
-Great Awakening-Puritan church loses control-Jonathan Edwards
- “attendance won’t save you”-John Wesley
-take the gospel to the poor-George Whitefield
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CHALLENGES TO PURITANS (OUTSIDE)-Pequots
-Connecticut-upset with colonial “land ownership”-Mystic River Massacre
-Wampanoag- Matacom ”King Phillip”-hated Puritan restrictions- “King Phillip’s War”
***ended Native American resistance in New England***
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MIDDLE COLONIES
Pennsylvania- William Penn-Quakers- “Holy Experiment”
-God’s “inner light” is in all- services held without ministers-no rank-paid Indians for their land
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SOUTHERN COLONIES
Virginia-Jamestown- plantation culture
- “plantation aristocracy”-indentured servitude-slaves (1619)
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Triangle Trade
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Maryland- Lord Baltimore- Catholic refuge-Toleration Act **first law granting religious freedom**
North and South Carolina- “lord proprietors”-plantation aristocracy- “back water” “back woods” farmers
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Georgia-debtors’ prison- “Buffer Zone”-no slavery-no rum
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War!!!!!
Seven Years War (Europe) -1756-1763-England v France
French and Indian War (America)-Ohio River Valley-Fort Duquesne v Fort Necessity-Algonquin (French allies)-Iroquois (British Allies)
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-Colonists fight for England-Albany Plan of Union (Ben Franklin)
***first time a united 13 Colonies is suggested***EFFECTS:
-English win-get all land east of the Mississippi
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-Native Americas not pleased-English rule harshly-Pontiac’s Rebellion
- “smallpox blankets”
-Proclamation of 1763-colonists can not settle Appalachian
Mountains-UPSET!!!!!