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American Life in the 17th Century: 1607-1692
AP US
Unit 2 Chapter 4
September 20, 2010
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Points to Consider
• What was 17th century life like in the Chesapeake?
• What was 17th century life like in New England?
• What problems occurred for the colonists during the 17th century? Why?
• What were the similarities and differences between the Northern and Southern colonies in the 1600’s?
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I. Life in the Chesapeake
• Short life expectancy
• Mostly men
• High death rate
• No extended family
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Ib. Tobacco and its Effects
• Drop in prices from large supply caused farmers to buy more land to sell more…
• Indentured Servants– Freedom Dues– Headright System– Life of an indentured servant
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1c. Problems in the Chesapeake
• Poor single men• On the frontier - issues with
the Native Americans• Bacon’s Rebellion
– Frontiersmen vs. “haughty” landowners
– Former servants vs. those with land and money
– Made landowners concerned about indentured servants = slavery
Indentured Servitude Certificate
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II. Colonial Slavery
• Most slaves arrived in North America after 1700
• Changes led to increase in slavery– Bacon’s Rebellion– Rising wages in England stemmed the flow
of potential servants– Loss of royal monopoly for slave transport
decreased prices slightly
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IIc. Slaves in Colonial America• West Coast of Africa• Middle Passage• Originally mostly men
– Property– Separated from any family– Regional differences - worse
in the Deep South– Developed their own culture
• Some revolts still– 1712 - NYC– 1739 - Stono River SC
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III. Southern Society and Life
• Rich planters vs. Poor Whites– Small farmers were the largest social
group - precarious existence
• Urban vs. Rural– Few cities– Life centered around the plantation– Poor roads = river transportation– Less culture and education than New
England
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IV. New England Society and Life
• Greater life span
• Families moved to NE instead of individuals
• Early marriage and longer life expectancy = larger birthrate
• Family environment
• Women had less rights because of longer life expectancy for the men
• Small towns were the main focus
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IVd.Religious Changes• Still problems - wealthy, town running elite
vs. poorer farmers on the border
• Religious zeal on the decline
• Jeremiads scolded their parishioners
• Created the Half-Way Covenant to alllow those who had not been converted into the church
• Women became a larger part of the church
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Salem Witch Trials• Read The Crucible• 1692 - 20 people put
to death on accusations of witchcraft by adolescent girls in Salem, MA
• Stopped in 1693 when the governor’s wife was accused
• Poor (accusers) vs. Wealthy (accused)
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IVe. Farming Issues
• Rocks– They suck– They show up every winter– They’re everywhere– They keep coming back – How do you get rid of them without a front-
end loader???
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Farming Issues cont.• Less cultural diversity
• Less agricultural diversity
• Small farms
• Pigs hurt the environment
• Most people lived in the harbor towns (rocks scared them away from working in agriculture)
• Champions of Manifest Destiny (get away from the rocks)
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IVf. New England’s Effect on America
• Yankee Ingenuity
• Simple town design
• Democracy
• Puritan Ethic - religion as the center of society
• Hardwork
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V. Early Settlers in General
• Were farmers• Women did the housework, men farmed• Children helped and were rarely
educated• Land was cheap (except in South)• Middle class people• Basic equality in middle and NE
colonies
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Vg. Issues for the Early Settlers
• Leisler’s Rebellion: 1689-1691– Landholders vs. Merchants in NYC
• Rich tried to keep the poor in their place– Didn’t really work because no one cared
while trying to build a new country– What would this mean for America?