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Amphibians
Chapter 3 Section 3
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Vocab Words
• Amphibios• Hibernation• Estivation• Metamorphosis• Anura
• Caudata• Apoda• Tympanic Membrane• Biological Indicators
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Amphibians
• Amphibios– Greek– Means “double life”
• Most primitive group of land chordates
• Classification– Kingdom: Animalia– Phylum: Chordata– Class: Amphibia
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Amphibian Characteristics• Ectotherms
– Hibernation• Period of inactivity during cold winter months• Amphibians bury themselves in the mud until the
weather gets warmer
– Estivation• Inactivity during weather that is too warm
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• Respiration– Have moist, smooth, thin, scale-less skin– Can breathe through their skin and lining of
their mouths– Most have small saclike lungs in the chest
cavity
• Circulation– 3 chambered heart
• Limited mixing of O2 and CO2 blood
Right AtriumLeft Atrium
Ventricle
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• Reproduction– Dependant on water– Jelly-like eggs that do not have a protective
waterproof shell– External fertilization
• Development– Most amphibians go through metamorphosis,
a change in their appearance from hatchling to adult.
• Meta means “change”• Morph means “shape”
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AMPLEXUS
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Orders of Amphibians
1. Anura: Frogs and Toads
2. Caudata: Newts and Salamanders
3. Apoda: Caecilians and Sirens
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Anura: Frogs and Toads
• Short, broad bodies with 4 legs
• No neck or tail
• Tympanic membranes for hearing
• Tongues are attached to the front of their mouths to flip out and catch prey
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What’s the difference between frogs and toads?
Frogs:• More aquatic (water based)• Bulging eyes• Long hind legs for leaping• Smooth, slimy skin• Have teeth in the upper jaw
Toads:• More terrestrial (land based)• Poison glands behind the eyes• Short hind legs for walking• Bumpy, dry skin• No teeth
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Don’t be Scared!
• Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians
• Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs
• Bufonophobia- Fear of toads
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Don’t buy into the Frog and Toad Prejudice!
• The “tickle” you feel in your throat is actually caused by the draining of your sinuses – not a trapped amphibian!
• Toads do NOT cause warts– Warts are caused by a virus that is only
transmitted to and from humans!– Toads have brown bumpy (wart-free) skin to
help them blend into their habitat (camouflage)
Green is good!
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Caudata: Newts and Salamanders
• Have slender bodies, short legs, and long tails
• Capable of re-growing lost limbs
• Ability to quickly switch from walking to swimming
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What’s the difference between newts and salamanders?
Newts:– More terrestrial (land based)– Smooth sides
Salamanders:– More aquatic (water based)– Have costal grooves
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Apoda: Caecilians and Sirens
• Eel like tailless amphibians
• Nearly functionless eyes
• No external ear openings
• The body is arranged in rings, called annuli, which gives them an earthworm like appearance
• Unlike all other amphibians, they have scales under their skin.
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What’s the difference between a caecilian and a siren?
• Caecilians:– More terrestrial (land based)– Lungs– Dozens of needle sharp teeth
• Sirens:– More aquatic (water based)– Two small forelimbs – Gills and lungs– Few small teeth
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Importance of Amphibians• Keep insect populations in check• Provide food for humans and other
animals• Toxins
– Used by native people for hunting– Researched to find out how the nervous
system works
• Regeneration– Studies are being conducted to find ways of
treating humans who have lost/were born without limbs
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• Biological indicators: a species whose overall health reflects the health of a particular ecosystem– Why Amphibians?
• Live on land
• Reproduce in water
• Absorb gases through their skin
They are directly affected by any chemical change in the environment
Biological Indicators
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Scientists found that an excess of nitrogen and phosphorous from
fertilizers caused this deformation in local frogs
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Origin of Amphibians
• Thought to have evolved from lobe-finned fish 350 mya
• First appeared in the Carboniferous Period
• Permian Period is known as the “Age of Amphibians” – 280-248 mya
I’m Ichthyostega and I’m one of the first amphibians although I still had a few fish-like features like my tail.
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Amphibians in Review