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PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX
Pavement Management
for
Airports, Roads, and Parking lots
By Mohamed Y. Shahin
ASTM D 6433 – 07
Standard Pratie for Roads and Parking !ots
Pavement "ondition #nde$ S%rve&s
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ASTM D 6433 – 07
Standard Pratie for Roads and Parking !ots
Pavement "ondition #nde$ S%rve&s
This methodology covers the determination of roads
and parking lots pavement condition through visual
surveys using the Pavement Condition Index PCI!
method of "uantifying pavement condition.
The PCI is a numerical indicator that rates the surface
condition of the pavement. The PCI provides a measure
of the present condition of the pavement #ased on the
distress o#served on the surface of the pavement$%hich also indicates the structural integrity and surface
operational condition locali&ed roughness and safety!.
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Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
a numerical rating of the pavement condition
that ranges from ' to ('' %ith ' #eing the%orst possi#le condition and ('' #eing the
#est possi#le condition.
Terminology
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Terminology
) pavement condition
rating *a ver#al
description of
pavement condition
as a function of the
PCI value that
varies from +failed,to +excellent,
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PCI Calculation Procedure
The pavement is divided into #ranches that
are divided into sections. -ach section is
divided into sample units.
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Terminology
) Pavement Branch*a #ranch is an
identifia#le part of the pavement net%ork
that is a single entity and has a distinct
function.
) or example$ each road%ay or parking
area is a separate #ranch.
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Terminology
Pavement Section*a contiguous pavement
area having uniform construction$
maintenance$ usage history$ and
condition. / section should have the same
traffic volume and load intensity.
The homogeneous section should #e the
length of a future construction M010pro2ect.
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Terminology
Pavement SampleUnit *a su#division
of a pavement
section that has astandard si&e range3
45'' S ` (''' S
Section
Sample 6nit
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Sample 6nits
Sample Si'e, S(
PavementSetion !engt) !ane *idt) Area, S( +00 -00 300
Divided Rd .%m/er of Samples Sample !engt), (T
-0 +0 -,00 3 -+ + +0 -0 30
-0 +- 63,360 4- - + +- -0 -1-
2ndivided Rd
-0 - +3-,000 3 3 60 +00 +40
-0 30 +,400 +06 63 4 0 3 ++7
00 30 +,000 +0 6 4 0 3 ++7
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Sampling and Sample 2nits
Select the sample units to #e inspected. The
num#er of sample units to #e inspected
may vary from the follo%ing3
a num#er of sample units that provides a 75
8 confidence level
/ll sample units in the section may #e
inspected to determine the average PCI of
the section
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Sampling and Sample 2nits
.etork !evelThe minimum num#er of sample units n! that must #e surveyed %ithin
a given section
9o. of Sample 6nits 9o. of 6nits to #e
inspected( to 5 (
: to (' 4
(( to (5 ;
(: to
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Terminology
Pavement Distress*external indicators of
pavement deterioration caused #y loading$
environmental factors$ construction
deficiencies$ or a com#ination thereof.
Typical distresses are cracks$ rutting$ and
%eathering of the pavement surface.
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P0=C->60-
) Data Sheets$ or other field recording
instruments that record at a minimum the
follo%ing information3 date$ location$
#ranch$ section$ sample unit si&e$ sla#
num#er and si&e$ distress types$ severity
levels$ "uantities$ and names of surveyors.
) -xample data sheets for /C and PCCpavements
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#nspetion Proed%re
The definitions and guidelines for "uantifying
distresses for PCI determination are given in
/ppendix ?( for /C pavements. 6sing this test
method$ inspectors should identify distress typesaccurately 75 8 of the time.
@inear measurements should #e considered
accurate %hen they are %ithin (' 8 if
remeasured$ and area measurements should #econsidered accurate %hen they are %ithin 4' 8
if remeasured.
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Asphalt Concrete (AC) Surfaced
Pavement
Measure the "uantity of each severity level
of every distress type present$ and
recording the data. -ach distress must
correspond in type and severity to that
descri#ed in /ppendix ?(Distress in
Asp)alt Pavements
) 9ineteen distress types for asphaltAsurfaced pavements are listed
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>istress -xample
A!!#AT5R "RA"#. (AT#289
Severity evels3
!*ine$ longitudinal hairline cracks running
parallel to each other %ith no$ or only a fe%
interconnecting cracks.
M*urther development of light alligator
cracks into a pattern or net%ork of cracks that
may #e lightly spalled
:*9et%ork or pattern cracking has
progressed so that the pieces are %elldefined and spalled at the edges.
!o" to #easure*/lligator cracking is
measured in s"uare feet of surface area. The
entire area should #e rated at the highest
severity present.
/lligator or fatigue cracking is a series of interconnecting cracks caused #yfatigue failure of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading.
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"al%lation of P"# for Asp)alt "onrete
A"9 Pavement
/dd up the total "uantity of each distress type at each severity level$
and record them in the +Total Severities, section.
>ensity
(;45''D('''.54
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Perent Densit&
>ivide the total "uantity of each distresstype at each severity level #y the totalarea of the sample unit and multiply #y
('' to o#tain the percent density of eachdistress type and severity.
>etermine the deduct value >E! for each
distress type and severity levelcom#ination from the distress deductvalue curves in /ppendix ?;.
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/lligator Cracking >educt Curve
F.7
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Ma$im%m "orreted Ded%t ;al%e "D;9
The follo%ing procedure must #e used to determine the
maximum C>E.
If none or only one individual deduct value is greater than4$ the total value is used in place of the maximum C>E
in determining the PCIG other%ise$
the maximum C>E is calculated as follo%s3
) @ist the individual deduct values in descending order.
) >etermine the allo%a#le num#er of deducts$ m$ from
ig. 5$ or using the follo%ing formula3
m19+00?:D;9@
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Ma$im%m "orreted Ded%t ;al%e "D;9
%here3
m allo%a#le num#er of deducts including
fractions must #e less than or e"ual to
ten!$ and
H>E highest individual deduct value.
or example$m(77J!(''AH>E!
m ( 77J!(''A45.(! F.7
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igure 5
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P0=C->60-
) >etermine total deduct value #y summing individualdeduct values. The total deduct value is o#tained #yadding the individual deduct values$ that is$ ('etermine $ as the num#er of deducts %ith a value
greater than 4.'. or example$ in ig. :$ $ J.) >etermine the C>E from total deduct value and $ #y
looking up the appropriate correction curve for /Cpavements in ig. ?E is the largest of the C>Es.
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>etermine
maximu
m C>E
iteratively
Maximum C>E
PCI(''AMax
C>E
(''A5(
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5(
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Determination of Setion P"#
If all surveyed sample units are e"ual in si&e$ the SectionPCI is the average of the sample unit PCI.
If all surveyed sample units are not e"ual in si&e$ then thePCI of the section PCIs! is calculated as the area
%eighted PCI of the surveyed sample units PCIr ! usinge"uation 53
1
1
( * ) R
ri ri
i
s r n
ri
i
PCI A
PCI PCI
A
−
−
= =
∑
∑
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Determination of Setion P"#
here3
PCIs PCI of the pavement section
PCIr area %eighted PCI of randomlysurveyed sample units$
PCI ri PCI of random sample unit i $
Ari area of random sample unit i $0 Total num#er of inspected random
sample units
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NuestionsO