LIST OF SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE
AbbreviationsISO International Organization for StandardizationTIT Turbine Inlet TemperatureTIC Turbine Inlet Cooling
Symbols UnitsCp [kJ/kg°C]
COP [-]
LHV [kJ/kg]h [kJ/kg]HR Heat ratemP [Pa]
P [Pa]Q [kW]r [-]T Temperature [°C]Tb [°C]Tw Wet-bulb temperature [°C]W Power output [MW]SFC
doi: 10.5028/jatm.2012.04032012
Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance with Inlet Air Cooling Techniques Applied to Brazilian SitesAna Paula Santos1, Cláudia R. Andrade2,*1
2
Abstract: F r r ph r wh r p w r m h h r pr r r hw rm m h rb r h p r r p r -
r h p w r p b h rb r h h r m w r hmpr r mp r r r rb h p r p r - m - wmb m h h p m r r pr p r h mp r r h r hr r h h r r m w r h m r r C h rb
p w r p h r m h r b r r mpr r r mp r r Th r rw b m rr b r Th r m - m h p r
p r r m h p r w r r h rb r mp r rTh m mp w w h r m h mpr b rp h m hh m m w hr h h h r h r m h r m h r h
pr h rm m rb p r rm rr h r p w rp h rm r r mp r r r h m Th r b
w h h m r mp r w h h h w h h r m -C Th hhr h r mp mp m r r mp r r
r h m h rb w r r m h r w rmp r b w h r m m h b rp h w h h b rp h r pr h
h h r m r r w h w r r O h h r h p r rr h w r b w h m p
Keywords: rb T rb T C p r Ch r b rp
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 341
[-][-][-][-][kgwater/kgair]
Subscripts0
aaCMCCL Cooling load
gin InputN Net
TurbineT Totalh
w water
INTRODUCTION
-
-
-
Jaber a
-
-
and
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012342
GAS TURBINE CYCLE
-
Net.
W
0
06
050403
TurbineCompressor
Air ambient
Combus onChamber
P P0 03=
P04
P r P04 03$=
-
T04
PP
TT
T1c
0403
03
04
1
03h= - +
cc-c m= G
W m C T T,C a pa avg 04 03$= -o o ^ hma Cpa a g
-P05
P P PCombustor05 04 D= -
Q m C T T,in a pg avg 05 04$ $= -o o ^ hCpg a g
LHV
/m
Q LHVf
Combustor
in
h=o
o
C mb r
/T T T
P P1
1t06 05 04
05 06
1
$h= - -cc-c m= G
P
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 343
W m C T T,t T pg avg 05 06$= -o o ^ hm T
m m mT a f= +o o o
and Cpg a g
W W WN T C= -o o o
SFCW
m3600
N
f$= o
o
HR SFC LHV$=
SFC LHV3600
th $h =
INLET AIR COOLING SYSTEMS
-
Net.
W
01
02
006
050403
Comp or
Coo ingy m
Evaporative cooling
Coo
ling
med
ia
Air cooledAmbient Air
T Tb Tb Tw03 02 02 02f= - -^ h
m mw a 02 03$ ~ ~= -o o ^ h
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012344
m a 02 03
-
Q m C T T,CL a pa avg 02 03$ $= -o o ^ hm a Cpa a g
Absorption and mechanical chiller systems
-tion cooling.
Ambient air
Chilled water
Air cooled togas turbine inlet
a
Q m h h h ,CL a w02 03 03 02 03$ $ ~ ~= - - -o o ^ ^h h6 @h02 and h03
m mw a 02 03$ ~ ~= -o o ^ h-
a
-
a-
-
WCOPQ
MC
CL=o
o
-
W W W WN t C MC= - -o o o o
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 345
-
a a
100% RH
60% RH
40% RH
20% RH
10% RH
Inlet ChillingProcess
EnthalpyBtu Per Pound
of Dry Air
EvaporativeCooling Process
SpecificHumidity
Dry Bulb Temperature
40
35
30
25
20
15
4 16 27 38 49.000
.005
.010
.015
.020
°C
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
-
-taining
11 [-]Turbine inlet temperature
turbine
100 [mmH2O]200 [mmH2O]
-
-
72
76
80
84
88
92
96
100
104
108
112
116
[%]
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
ISO Conditions:T = 15 °C
= 60 %
TIT = 1385 KHeat ratePower output
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012346
-
-
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
T[°C
]
TIT = 1385 K= 60%
= 0.95= 0.90= 0.85
temperature drop.
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Pow
erou
tput
[MW
]
TIT = 1385 K= 0.90
= 18%= 60%
Base-case
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0Th
e rm
alef
ficie
ncy
[%]
TIT = 1385 K= 0.90
= 18%= 60%
Base-Case
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48-4
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
T[°C
]
Intake temperature[°C]
TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: = 18% and 60%Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 and = 18%Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 and = 60%
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 347
-
a
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature[°C]
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Pow
er o
utpu
t[M
W]
TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: = 18%Absorption chiller: = 60%Base-case
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature[°C]
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
Ther
mal
effic
ienc
y[%
]
TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: = 18%Absorption chiller: = 60%Base-case
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Pow
erou
tput
[MW
]
TIT = 1385 K= 60 %
COP = 7.0COP = 4.5COP = 2.0
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Pow
erou
tput
[MW
]
TIT = 1385 K= 60 %
COP = 7.0COP = 4.5COP = 2.0
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012348
-
obtained at
-
-
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
34.5
35.0
35.5
36.0
36.5
37.0
37.5
38.0
38.5
39.0
Pow
erou
tput
[MW
]
TIT = 1385 KCOP = 4.5
= 18%= 60%
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Mas
sflo
ww
ate r
[kg/
s]
ma = 141.16 kg/sTET = 1385 °C
= 18%Evaporative cooling: = 0.90Absorption chillerMechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
Cool
ing
load
[MW
]
TIT = 1385 K= 18 %
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5Absorption chillerEvaporative cooling: = 0.90
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 349
-
-
Table 2.
Site25.0
Latitude [°]Longitude [°] - 41.34
101.25
-
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
Pow
erou
tput
[MW
]
TIT = 1385 K= 18%
Evaporative cooling:Absorption chillerCompression chiller: COP = 4.5Base case
= 0.90
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Intake temperature [°C]
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
The r
mal
e ffic
ienc
y[%
]
TIT = 1385 K= 18 %
Evaporative cooling:Absorption chillerCompression chiller: COP = 4.5Base-case
= 0.90
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
31.5
32.0
32.5
33.0
33.5
34.0
Months
DECOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPR NOVMARFEBJAN
Am
bien
t tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
DECNOVOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPRMARFEBJAN
Rel
ativ
e hu
mid
ity [%
]
Months
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012350
Op ra r Na i na Si ma ri
-
-
a a
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
31.5
32.0
32.5
33.0
33.5
34.0
34.5
35.0
Months
DECOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPR NOVMARFEBJAN
Am
bien
t tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
DECNOVOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPRMARFEBJAN
Months
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Rel
ativ
e hu
mid
ity [%
]
Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 Absorption chiller Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
DECOUTSEPAUGJUL NOV
Months
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
2,400
2,800
3,200
3,600
4,000
4,400
Incr
emen
tal e
lect
ric e
nerg
y ge
nera
tion
[MW
h]
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
2,400
2,800
3,200
3,600
4,000
4,400
4,800
5,200
Mounths
DECOUTSEPAUGJUL NOV
Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 Absorption chiller Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
Incr
emen
tal e
lect
ric e
nerg
y ge
nera
tion
[MW
h]
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 351
-
-
CONCLUSIONS
T0
-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Table 3. I
43.28
32.0243.2453.00
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012352
REFERENCES
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a-
a -
a
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a-
a
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a
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a
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012 353
