Download - Anatomy Muscles Flashcards Origins and Insertions Intended for entry level anatomy students
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Intended for entry level anatomy students
Anatomy Muscles Flashcards
Origins and Insertions
Intended to be viewed as full-screen….
select full-screen, and use “Page Down” to scroll through individual “flashcards” !
Anatomy Muscles FlashcardsOrigins and Insertions
Note: Learn origins and insertions of each muscle well.
This is why the bony landmarks are so important.
Do not memorize the function of muscles !
Muscles contract only linearly.
Thus, to know the origin and insertion of a muscle is to know the function.
Anatomy Muscles FlashcardsOrigins and Insertions
Note: Every muscle has a multitude of actions.
Listed are the primary actions of each muscle !
Anatomy Muscles FlashcardsOrigins and Insertions
Presented in Three Parts:
I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen
II – Muscles of the upper extremity
III – Muscles of the lower extremity
Anatomy Muscles FlashcardsOrigins and Insertions
Each card is a set of three:
The first asks to identify the muscle.
The next provides the clues.
The third gives the name of the muscle.
1. Identify this muscle and its action !
1. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: margin of the orbit
• Insertion: eyelid & skin of face
• Action: closes eye, blink
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Orbicularis Oculi
2. Identify this muscle and its action !
2. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Maxilla and mandible
• Insertion: Fibers of the lips
• Action: Compresses lips
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Orbicularis oris
3. Identify this muscle and its action !
3. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Zygomatic bone
• Insertion: mandible
• Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)
• Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
3. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Zygomatic bone
• Insertion: mandible
• Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)
• Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Masseter
4. Identify this muscle and its action !
4. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: manubrium and clavicle• Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone• Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),
or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
4. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: manubrium and clavicle• Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone• Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),
or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Sternocleidomastoid
5. Identify this muscle and its action !
5. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest• Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible• Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by
drawing it superiorly• Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)
5. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest• Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible• Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by
drawing it superiorly• Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Platysma
6. Identify this muscle and its action !
6. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Inferior border of rib• Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib• Action: Elevates ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
6. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Inferior border of rib• Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib• Action: Elevates ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Hint: External intercostals run in the same direction as your fingers when you put your hands in your pockets
External Intercostals
7. Identify this muscle and its action !
7. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Superior border of inferior rib• Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib• Action: Depresses ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
7. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Superior border of inferior rib• Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib• Action: Depresses ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Hint: Internal intercostals run in the direction that your fingers run when you place your hands on your heart (i.e. deep and perpendicular to external intercostal muscles)
Internal Intercostals
Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage
Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.
Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.
Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
8. Identify this muscle and its action !
Respiratory Diaphragm
Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage
Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.
Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.
Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
8. Identify this muscle and its action !
9. Identify this muscle and its action !
9. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs• Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.
9. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs• Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.
External Oblique Abdominus
10. Identify this muscle and its action !
10. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Pubis
• Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process
• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen
• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
10. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Pubis
• Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process
• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen
• Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Rectus abdominus
Anatomy Muscles FlashcardsOrigins and Insertions
Presented in Three Parts:
I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen
II – Muscles of the upper extremity
III – Muscles of the lower extremity
11. Identify this muscle and its action !
11. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae• Insertion: Clavicle and scapula• Action: elevation of scapulae• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
11. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae• Insertion: Clavicle and scapula• Action: elevation of scapulae• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Trapezius
12. Identify this muscle and its action !
12. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs
• Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle (humerus
(common insertion with teres major muscle).
• Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)
12. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs
• Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle of humerus
(common insertion with teres major muscle).
• Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)
Latissimus dorsi
Anterior view
I13. Identify this muscle and its action !
Anterior view
I13. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Subscapular fossa
• Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)
• Action: Medial rotation of shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus
Anterior view
I13. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Subscapular fossa
• Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)
• Action: Medial rotation of arm at shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus
Subscapularis(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
Anterior viewposterior view
14. Identify this muscle and its action !
Anterior viewposterior view
14. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Supraspinous fossa
• Insertion: Greater tubercle
• Action: abduct arm at shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
Anterior viewposterior view
14. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Supraspinous fossa
• Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
• Action: abduct arm at shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
Supraspinatus(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
15. Identify this muscle and its action !
Anterior viewposterior view
15. Identify this muscle and its action !
Anterior viewposterior view
• Origin: Infraspinous fossa
• Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
• Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
Anterior viewposterior view
15. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Infraspinous fossa
• Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
• Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
• Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus
Infraspinatus(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
posterior view
16. Identify this muscle and its action !
posterior view
16. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: lateral border of scapula
• Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
• Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder
• Innervation: Axillary nerve
posterior view
16. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: lateral border of scapula
• Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)
• Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder
• Innervation: Axillary nerve
Teres Minor(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)
Anterior viewposterior view
17. Identify this muscle and its action !
Anterior viewposterior view
17. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: clavicle and scapula
• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)
• Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder
(similar to supraspinatus)
• Innervation: Axillary nerve
Anterior viewposterior view
17. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: clavicle and scapula
• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)
• Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder
(similar to supraspinatus)
• Innervation: Axillary nerve
Deltoid
18. Identify this muscle and its action !
18. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum
• Insertion: Greater tubercle
• Action: flex arm at shoulder
• Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)
18. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum
• Insertion: Greater tubercle
• Action: flex arm at shoulder
• Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)
Pectoralis major
19. Identify this muscle and its action !
19. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)• Insertion: Radial tuberosity• Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow
(a two-joint muscle)• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
19. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)• Insertion: Radial tuberosity• Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow
(a two-joint muscle)• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii
Anterior view
Posterior view
20. Identify this muscle and its action !
Anterior viewPosterior view20. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus
Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus
• Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)
• Action: Extend forearm at elbow
• Innervation: Radial nerve
Anterior viewPosterior view20. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus
Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus
• Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)
• Action: Extend forearm at elbow
• Innervation: Radial nerve
Triceps brachii
21. Identify this muscle and its action !
21. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
• Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal
• Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist
• Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve
21. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
• Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal
• Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist
• Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
22. Identify this muscle and its action !
22. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
• Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals
• Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist
• Innervation: Median Nerve
22. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
• Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals
• Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist
• Innervation: Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Anatomy Muscles FlashcardsOrigins and Insertions
Presented in Three Parts:
I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen
II – Muscles of the upper extremity
III – Muscles of the lower extremity
23. Identify this muscle and its action !
Posterior view
Posterior view• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum
• Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera
• Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh
• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
23. Identify this muscle and its action !
Posterior view
Gluteus Maximus
23. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum
• Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera
• Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh
• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
24. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: iliac crest
• Insertion: Greater trochanter
• Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip
• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
24. Identify this muscle and its action !
Gluteus Medius
24. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: iliac crest
• Insertion: Greater trochanter
• Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip
• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
25. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Lateral surface of ilium
• Insertion: Greater trochanter
• Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip
• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
25. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Lateral surface of ilium
• Insertion: Greater trochanter
• Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip
• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Minimus
25. Identify this muscle and its action !
26. Identify this muscle and its action !
Posterior view
26. Identify this muscle and its action !
Posterior view• Origin: ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
26. Identify this muscle and its action !
Posterior view• Origin: ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
Semimembranosus
27. Identify this muscle and its action !
27. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
27. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
Semitendinosus
28. Identify this muscle and its action !
28. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
28. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
Biceps Femoris, Long-Head
29. Identify this muscle and its action !
29. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: linea aspera
• Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: common fibular nerve
29. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: linea aspera
• Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia
• Action: flex leg at knee
• Innervation: common fibular nerve
Biceps Femoris, Short-Head
30. Identify this muscle and its action !
30. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
• Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
• Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
30. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
• Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,
via pes anserinus
• Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Sartorius
31. Identify this muscle and its action !
31. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
31. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Rectus Femoris
32. Identify this muscle and its action !
32. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Intertrochanteric line
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
32. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Intertrochanteric line
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Vastus Medialis
33. Identify this muscle and its action !
33. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Greater trochanter
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
33. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Greater trochanter
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Vastus Lateralis
34. Identify this muscle and its action !
34. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
34. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Vastus Intermedius
35. Identify this muscle and its action !
35. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Femoral condyles
• Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon
• Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
35. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: Femoral condyles
• Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon
• Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle
• Innervation: Tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius
36. Identify this muscle and its action !
36. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: tibia
• Insertion: 1st metatarsal
• Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot
• Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
36. Identify this muscle and its action !
• Origin: tibia
• Insertion: 1st metatarsal
• Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot
• Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Tibialis Anterior
Structures that you should study!
• Flexor and extensor retinacula (of wrist and ankle)Without these, muscle tendons would “bow-string” and
make it very difficult to perform their function.
This project was made possible by:
Rachel Uppgaard (Human Anatomy TA, 2007- present)
and artwork by
Jimmy Chue-mai Yang (TA, 2005-2006)