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Anatomy of the Knee Joint
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Anatomy of the Knee Joint
Largest and most superficial
Hinge type of synovial joint
Flexion and extension
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Articulations, Articular Surfaces and Stability
3 articulations: Femorotibial articulations (lateral and medial)Femoropatellar articulation
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Femorotibial
Femoropatellar
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Articular surfaces2 femoral condylesthe adjacent surfaces of the superior aspect of the tibial condylesanterior surface of the distal end of the femur where the two condyles join adjacent surfaces on the posterior aspect of the patella
StabilityQuadriceps femoris - Inferior fibres of vastus medialis and lateralis
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Joint Capsule
Fibrous capsuleIt covers the joint on the lateral, medial and posterior aspect
Synovial membraneLines the inner surface of capsule
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Extracapsular Ligaments
Patellar ligamentMedial collateral ligamentLateral collateral ligamentOblique popliteal ligamentArcuate popliteal ligament
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Intra-articular LigamentsCruciate ligamentAnterior cruciate ligamentPosterior cruciate ligament
MenisciMedial meniscusLateral meniscus
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Movements
Flexion – Hamstrings, short head of biceps, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, popliteus
Extension – Quadriceps femorisMedial rotation – Semitendinosus,
semimembranosus, long head of biceps when FLEXED ;popliteus when non-bearing knee is EXTENDED
Lateral rotation – Biceps femoris when knee is FLEXED
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Locking and Unlocking
Locking is a mechanism that allows the knee to remain in the position of full extension
Locking occurs as a result of medial rotation of femur during last stage of extension
Locking is produced by quadriceps femoris
Unlocking occurs as a result of lateral rotation of femur during initial stage of flexion
Unlocking is produced by popliteus muscle
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Blood Supply10 vessels that form the periarticular genicular anastomoses around the knee
InnervationArticular branches from femoral, tibial, and common fibular nervesObturator and saphenous nerves
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Bursae
SuprapatellarPopliteusAnserineGastrocnemiusSemimembranosusSubcutaneous prepatellarSubcutaneous infrapatellarDeep infrapatellar
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