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The Shang:Chinas First Civilization
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Shang Dynasty First people to establish an advanced
civilization in China Shang Civilization evolved in Yellow River
Valley
It established the basis of Chinese culture
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Bronze Age Empires
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Introduction to Shang Notes
The Shang were the firstpeople to establish a
civilization in China.
They originated in the
Yellow River Valley.
They were ruled by aseries of warrior kings and
land owning nobles called
aristocrats.
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The last capital of the
Shang was Anyang. The city was
surrounded by
massive walls of
pounded earth.
Laid out in a grid
pattern.
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The greatest Shang ruler was Wu Ding.
His wife, Fu Hao helped him govern.
Her tomb contained thousands of
bronze and jade artifacts and evidence
of human sacrifice.
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Document A
Pictographs are pictures that represent objects andconcepts. (Ancient)
Ideographs are characters that represent an thing oridea. (Modern)
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The Evolution of ChineseWriting during the Shang
Pictographs Ideographs
Mastery of Chinese writing required thememorization of over 10,000 characters, whichtook years to learn.
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Doc B Ancestor Worship
The Chinese believed thatdead ancestors had greatinfluence with the gods.
Prayers were directedtoward these ancestors in
hopes of serving thecommunity.
Kings and nobles viewedthemselves as the importantintermediaries between thepeople and their gods andancestors.
Offerings of food and winewere often given to
ancestors during religiousceremonies.
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Glor ious Ancestors
Ah, the glorious ancestors-
Endless, their blessings,Boundless their gifts are extended;
We have brought them clear wine; They will give victory.
Here, too, is soup well-seasoned,
Setting all quarrels aside, They make safe for us a ripe old age,
We shall reach the withered cheek, we shall go on and on.With eight bells a jangle
We come to make offering.
The charge put upon us is vast and mighty,
From Heaven dropped our prosperity,
Good harvests, great abundance.They come [the ancestors], they accept,
They send down blessings numberless.
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Document C: Oracle Bones
This process is called divination.
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Yin and Yang
The Chinese believed theuniverse reflected a delicatebalance between the forcesof Yin and Yang.
Yin is linked to earth,darkness, and female forces.
Yang stands for Heaven,light, and male forces.
These forces are not inopposition, but must remainin balance with one another.
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Doc D: Shang Bronzes
By 2000 bce theChinese hadacquired bronzemetallurgy.
Possession ofbronze objectswas a sign of
authority andnobility, and oftenused in statereligious rituals.
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Doc E: Filial Piety
Filial Piety meansshowing respect andloyalty for onesparents. It was aprimary virtue in
Chinese social life.
How does thefollowing document
represent the valuesof Filial Piety?
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On Filial Piety
Meng Tzu asked about the treatment of parents. The Master said,
"Never disobey!" When Fan Ch'ih was driving his carriage for him, the
Master said, "Meng asked me about the treatment of parents and I
said, 'Never disobey!'" Fan Ch'ih said, "In what sense did you mean
it?" The Master said, "While they are alive, serve them according toritual. When they die, bury them according to ritual and sacrifice to
them according to ritual."
Tzu-yu asked about the treatment of parents. The Master said,
'''Filial sons' nowadays are people who see to it that their parents get
enough to eat. But even dogs and horses are cared for to that extent. Ifthere is no feeling of respect, wherein lies the difference?"
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A Traditional Chinese House
This housewasdesigned tohave threeor fourgenerationsof aChinese
family underthe sameroof.
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Silk Making
The process of
creating silk was
discovered by the
Shang. Silk worms, which spin
cocoons after eating
mulberry trees, were
raised for the preciousthread they produce.