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Andy Foster, CFI-S, Light Sport Aircraft Syllabus (Generic)
Revised April 27, 2019
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Introduction
“AndyFoster,CFI-S,LightSportSyllabusCatalogue”containstheflighttraininglessonsthatcomposetheStudentPilotLightSport,TransitioningSportPilotTraining,andCTSWPinchHittersyllabusesIuse.TheStudentPilotLightSportTrainingSyllabusincludesthe“normal”lessonflowandassumesthestudentwillprocureandexecutehisowngroundlessontrainingfortheSportPilotKnowledgeTest.TheGroundLessonTrainingFlowpresentsallthegermanematerialwhiletheIntegratedLessonFlowcombinesthegroundlessonsandflightlessonsintoamatchedset.TheTransitioningSportPilotlessonflowcoversflightandaircraftsystemslessonsnecessarytoensureanalreadycertificatedpilotperformsasafetransitiontoLightSportaircraft.
LessonplansinthisflowhavebeendevelopedasrecommendedbytheFAA’sAviationInstructorHandbookanduseRodMachado’s“SportPilotHandbook”asthe“master”reference.FlightlessonsalsoreferencematerialfromtheGleimSportPilotSyllabus,theFAA’s“AirplaneFlyingHandbook”,“ThePilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge”,theFederalAviationRegulations,the“Airman’sInformationManual”,the“GleimSportPilotFlightManeuversandPracticalTestPrep”,the“GleimPilotHandbook”,andGleim“SportPilotKnowledgeTests”.Groundlessonsreferencethesamematerialasaboveandincludematerialfrom“AviationWeather”.Aircraftsysteminformationispulledfromtheaircraft’sPilot’sOperatingHandbookand/ormanufacturer’smanuals.
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Table of Contents
Student Pilot Light Sport Syllabus……………………………………………………………………….…… 6 FAAStudentRequirements,SportPilotCertificationRequirements,
Expectations,HowtoUsetheReferences
LSA Flight Training Flow…………………….………..……………………………….……………………………. 8 FlightLesson1:IntroductiontoFlight....…….………………………………………………………..10
FlightLesson2:FundamentalsofFlight………………………………………………………………13
FlightLesson3:SlowFlight,Stalls,andSpins…………………………………………………....…15
FlightLesson4:SteepTurnsandGroundReferenceManeuvers….………………………18
FlightLesson5:Landings,Slips,andGo-Arounds…...…………………………………………....20
FlightLesson6:EmergencyOperations……………………………………………………………....22
FlightLesson7:Review………………………………………………………………………………………24
FlightLesson8:ProficiencyLesson#1/Pre-SoloPractice……………………………………..26
FlightLesson9:ProficiencyLesson#2/Solo………………………………………………………..27
FlightLesson10:ShortandSoft-FieldTakeoffsandLandings………………………………28
FlightLesson11:SecondSupervisedSolo……………………………………………………………30
FlightLesson12:DualCross-Country………………………………………………………………….31
FlightLesson13:IntroductiontoControlbyInstruments..………………………………......34
FlightLesson14:SoloCrossCountry…………………………………………………………………..36
FlightLesson15:ManeuversReview/PTSPrep#1……………………………………………...37
FlightLesson16:StudentSoloPractice/PTSPrep……………………………………………….39
FlightLesson17:ManeuverReview/PTSPrep#2……………………………………………….40
FlightLesson18:SoloPractice#2/PTSPrep(Optional)………………………………………..42
FlightLesson19:FinalPTSCheck……………………………………………………………………….43
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LSA Ground School Training Flow…………………………...………………………………………..………44 GroundLesson1:LightSportPilot,Airplane,andPearlandAirportBasics……………45
GroundLesson2:AirplanesandAerodynamics…………………………………………………...48
GroundLesson3:AirplaneInstruments………………………………………………………………50
GroundLesson4:AirplaneEnginesandSystems…………………………………………………51
GroundLesson5:AirplanePerformanceandWeightandBalance………………………..53
GroundLesson6:Airports………………………………………………………………………………….55
GroundLesson7:Airspace…………………………………………………………………………………56
GroundLesson8:FAR’sPart1through71…………………………………………………………..58
GroundLesson9:FAR’sPart91.3thru91.131…………………………………………………….59
GroundLesson10:FAR’s91.151thru91.417,NTSB830……………………………………..60
GroundLesson11:ChartsandAirspace………………………………………………………………61
GroundLesson12:AviationWeather………………………………………………………………….62
GroundLesson13:WeatherServices…………………………………………………………………..63
GroundLesson14:NavigationandPreflightPreparation……………………………………..65
GroundLesson15:AeromedicalFactorsandAeronauticalDecisionMaking…………67
GroundLesson16:KnowledgeTestPrep…………………………………………………………….69
Integrated LSA Training Flow (Description)……………………………………………………………….70
Transitioning Pilot Training Flow (Description)………………………………………………………….71
FlightLesson1:Basicairplaneoperations…………………………………………………………..72
FlightLesson2:Landings,Go-Arounds,andSlips………………………………………………...75
FlightLesson3:EmergencyOperations………………………………………………………………77
FlightLesson4:Cross-CountryOperations………………………………………………………….79
FlightLesson5:TransitionCheck………………………………………………………………………..82
LSA Pinch Hitter Course……………………………………………………..…………………………………….83 GroundLesson1:FundamentalsofFlightandtheLSA……………………………………...…83
GroundLesson2:ScenarioWalkthrough………………………………………………………….....86
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CTSW Pinch Hitter Course (continued) FlightLesson1:MasteringtheBasics………………………………………………………………88
FlightLesson2:BasicMasteryoftheScenario…………………………………………………90
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Student Pilot Light Sport Syllabus ThefollowinglessonplanscomprisetheStudentPilotLightSportSyllabus.
FAAStudentPilotRequirements
Beforeastudentcanbegintraining,heorshemust:
(1) Beatleast16yearsofage(FAR61.83)butcannotbecertifiedasaSportPilotuntilhe/sheis17yearsofage;
(2) Beabletowrite,read,andunderstandEnglish;(3) ObtainaThirdClassmedicalorpossessaUSDriver’sLicense(beforesolo)
SportPilotCertificationRequirements
TomeettherequirementsforaLightSportPilotrating,thestudentmustmeetthefollowingrequirements:
20hrsofflighttimeincluding15fromanauthorizedinstructorinasingleengineairplaneandatleast5hoursofsoloflighttrainingintheareasofoperationin:
(a) 2hoursofcross-country-flighttraining(b) 10takeoffsandlandingstoafullstop(eachoneinvolvingflightinthetraffic
patternatanairport)(c) onesolocross-countryofatleast75nauticalmilestotaldistancewithafull
stoplandingataminimumoftwopointsandonesegmentoftheflightconsistingofastraight-linedistanceof25nmbetweenthetakeoffandlandinglocation;
(d) and2hoursofflighttrainingonthoseareasofoperationsspecifiedin61.311preparingforthepracticaltestwithin60daysbeforethedateofthetest.
a. PreflightPreparation(seePTS)b. PreflightProcedures(SeePTS)c. Airportoperations(communications,patterns,signage,lighting,etc.)d. Takeoffs,landings,andgo-arounds(normal,shortfield,softfield)e. Performancemaneuvers(Steepturns)f. Groundreferencemaneuvers(Rectangularcourse,S-turns,turns
aroundapoint)g. Navigation(pilotage,DR,diverts,lostprocedures)h. Slowflight(maneuvering)i. Stalls(power-on,power-off,spinawareness)j. EmergencyOperations(engineout,systemsmalfunctions,emergency
equipment,survivalgear)k. Post-flightprocedures(afterlanding,shutdown,tiedown)
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Expectations
Flyingisfun,andIwilldoeverythingIcantomakesureyouhaveagoodtime!Thatsaid,flyingmustbeapproachedseriouslyforyourownsafetyandthesafetyofthosearoundyou.Iexpectyoutoexercisegoodjudgment,prepareforlessons,andbeontime.Ifyou’regoingtobelate,justgivemeacallandletmeknow.Mosttimes,you’llsimplygetalatestartbutyouareexpectedtobeaccountableandnotmakethepersonscheduledforalessonbehindyoubecomelate,also.Also,weknowallthisisnew,sodon’tbeafraidtoaskaboutanythingyouhaveadoubtabout.
KeepinmindthattheFAArequirementsaretheminimumrequirementsnecessaryfortheratingandmostpeopletakeslightlylongertogetreadyfortheirPracticalTest.Budgetyourtimeandmoneyaccordingly.FlighttimeisrecordedbyaHobbsmeterintheairplanebutinstructortimeisdeterminedbythetotalclocktimetheinstructorhasbeeninvolvedwiththestudent,includingprebriefanddebrieftimes.
Iurgeeverystudenttoflyatleasttwiceaweekandmoreiftheycandoit.Themoreyoufly,thelessoveralltimeittendstotake...andthelessoverallexpenseyouwillincur…beforeyougetyourrating.Flyingonceaweekorlessusuallymeansabouthalfthenextlessonisoftenspentgettingbackuptospeed,i.e.,whereyouwerewhenyouleftoff.Likewise,evenifyoudoyourowngroundschooling,thereismaterialtostudybeforeeachflightlesson.Ifyoudon’t,youcanexpecttheinstructortospendmoretimemakingsureyouunderstandtheelementsofwhatyouareabouttolearnintheair,costingyoumoremoney.Beingaspreparedforeachlessonasyoucanbewillnotonlymakethelessonmoreenjoyablebutwillsaveyoumoney.MakeMattressMackproud.
HowtoUsetheReferences
EachLessonPlanlistsreferencesthatdetailtheknowledgerequiredforeach.ThatknowledgeandmorewillbenecessarytoflysafelyandpasstheFAASportPilotKnowledgeTest.Studentsmayuseanytrainingmaterialbyotherauthorsororganizationsastheywish,andIwillbehappytositdownwithyoutohelpyoufindtheappropriatematerialinyourownmaterialforeachlesson,ifneeded.
ThegroundschoollessonsintheIntegratedFlowcoverallthesubjectareasneededfortheflightlessonsandtopasstheFAAKnowledgeTest.UsingtheIntegratedFlowalsohastheadvantageoffillinginthosedayswhentheweatherkeepsusonthegroundthoughithasthedisadvantageofbeingmoreexpensive.Usewhateverapproachandtrainingflowisbestforyou.
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LSA-A Flight Training Flow ThistrainingflowisdesignedforstudentswhodesiretoperformtheirowngroundschoolingfortheSportPilotrating.Applicablereadingmaterialnecessarytoprepareforeachlessonislistedoneachflightlessonplan.ThesereferencesmayincludematerialfromRodMachado’s“SportPilotHandbook”,GleimSportPilotmaterials,theFederalAviationRegulations,theAirplaneFlyingHandbook(FAA),thePilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,orothermaterials.Useanyreferenceyouwishtocoversystemsandaeronauticalknowledge;IrecommendusingTheAirplaneFlyingHandbookwhentryingtounderstandhowtoactuallyflyanymaneuvers.Thelistingsforeachlessoncoverthemostessentialinformationnecessarytomasteralessonbutmaynotincludeeverysubjectnecessaryforbestprogress.Thestudentisexpectedtostudywhatevermaterialisnecessarytounderstandeverysubject;ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutwhatelseyoumayneedtostudy,pleaseseeme.
Therearenineteenlessonsinthistrainingflow.Severalofthelessonsmaycontainversions“A”,“B”,“C”,etc.,whichmeansthatextratime(lessons)maybescheduledatthediscretionoftheinstructor.Alessondesignatorfollowedbyan“X”isanoptionallessonthatwouldbenefitthestudentbutisnotrequiredaspartofthenormalFAAflow.Studentsareencouragedtotaketheextralessoniftheycanordesireto.Thatsaid,ifastudenthasmasteredtherequiredmaterialearlierthanscheduledandwishestotakethematerialcoveredinanoptionalcourse,theinstructormayincludethatmaterialinaregularlessonifagreedtobyboththestudentandinstructor.
Eachlessoncontainsanestimateofthetimerequiredtocompleteit.Thetotaltimetocompletethetrainingflowforanaveragepilotisestimatedtobe31.0hrs.Theactualtimewillvaryfromstudenttostudent.
TheFlightLessonflowconsistsofthefollowinglessons:
FlightLesson1:IntroductiontoFlightFlightLesson2:FundamentalsofFlightFlightLesson3:SlowFlight,Stalls,andSpinsFlightLesson4:SteepTurnsandGroundReferenceManeuversFlightLesson5:IntroductiontoLandings,Slips,andGoAroundsFlightLesson6:EmergencyOperationsFlightLesson7:ReviewFlightLesson8:ProficiencyLesson#1/Pre-SoloPracticeFlightLesson9:ProficiencyLesson#2/SoloFlightLesson10:ShortandSoft-FieldTakeoffsandLandingsFlightLesson11:SecondSupervisedSoloFlightLesson12:DualCross-CountryFlightLesson13:IntroductiontoAircraftControlbyInstrumentsFlightLesson14:SoloCrossCountryFlightLesson15:ManeuversReview/PracticalTestStandards(PTS)Prep#1FlightLesson16:StudentSoloPractice/PTSPrep(Optional)
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FlightLesson17:ManeuverReview/PTSPrep#2FlightLesson18:SoloPractice#2/PTSPrep(Optional)FlightLesson19:FinalPTSCheck
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Flight Lesson 1: Introduction to Flight (1.5 hrs.) Objective:Tointroducethestudenttobasicairplaneoperationandcontrols,theuseofchecklistsandcockpitdiscipline,thelocalarea(includingthepracticearea),andtheairport.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:ChapterOne,GettingtoKnowYourAirplane;ChapterTwop2-1thru2-13,2-25thru2-40;ChapterThree,Engines:KnowledgeofEnginesisPower;Aircraft’sPilot’sOperatingHandbook
AirplaneFlyingHandbook,“FlightSafetyPractices,p1-4thru1-7;VisualInspectionp2-1thru2-6;GroundOperationsp2-7thru2-12
Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter2,AircraftStructure;Chapter3,PrinciplesofFlight
GleimSportFlightManeuvers,ChapterII,PreflightProcedures
GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnitOne,AirplanesandAerodynamics
Content:1. Preflightingtheairplane
a. Howtoperformb. WhyIt’sImportant
2. Start-Upa. Settingupthestart/SinglePilotResourceManagement
3. Taxia. Studentintroduction/demosb. Useofcontrols
4. BeforeTakeoffa. Properenginerun-upandaircraftcheckoutb. Properlookout/visualcheckc. Useofradios
5. Takeoff(Noflaps)a. Positioninganduseofcontrols
6. Climba. Maintainingproperattitude/speed/runwayalignmentb. Flapreconfigurationc. Maintaininglookout/collisionavoidance
7. Level-Offa. Howtoperformb. Flapreconfigurationc. Settingpowerandattituded. Lookout/SituationalAwareness(includesairspaceawareness)e. Radiomanagement
8. FlighttoPracticeAreaa. Settingstraightandlevelflight
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b. Flyingaheadingc. Lookout/SA
9. IntroductiontoBasicflightcontrolsandtrima. Pitchfornose/airspeedb. Aileronsforrollc. Rudderforyawd. Coordinatedturns,slips,andskids
i. Explanationofeachii. Howtoperform
e. Climbsi. Discussionofpitchandpowerii. Instructordemonstrates/studentintroduction
f. Descentsi. Discussionofpitchandpowerii. Instructordemonstrates/studentintroduction
10. Returntohomebasea. Instructorcoachesstudentonhowtoperformb. Studentfliesasinstructordirectsc. Weathercheck/radioset-up
11. Flyingthepatterna. Instructorexplainseachlegandhowtoflyit.b. Instructordemonstratesandapproachandlanding(noflaps)with
student“on-stick”;landandtaxibackunlessoutoftime;c. Ondownwind,givetostudentifappropriateandlethimflythe
approach;otherwise,lethimfollowyouthrough;instructorlandwithnoflaps;fullstop
12. Rollouta. Instructordemonstrates.
13. Taxibacka. Studentperforms.
14. Shutdowna. Instructordemonstrates.
15. Post-Shutdowna. Instructordemonstrates.
16. Debriefa. CollaborativeAssessmentb. DiscussnextLesson;askstudenttostudystraightandlevel,turns,
climbs,anddescentsinAFHandairportmarkingsinAIM
CompletionStandardsThelessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudentcanexplainthenecessityforthepreflightandhowtoexecuteit;(2) thestudentcanexplainthepurposeofbasicflightcontrols(ailerons,
stabilator,rudder,flaps,trim),whataxiseachcontrols,andhowtoutilizetheminflightandontheground;and
(3) thestudentcanexplaintheuseofthrottleandbrake;and
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(4) thestudentcanexplaintheuseoftheBRS,itsbasiclimitations,andhowtoutilizeit(ifequipped).
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Flight Lesson 2: Fundamentals of Flight (1.3 hrs.)
Objective:Todevelopthestudent’sskillsinthefourfundamentalsofflight,i.e.,straight-and-level,turns,climbs,descents,andflapmanagementforthesemaneuvers.Thestudentwillbeintroducedtoradiocommunicationprocedures,airportmarkings,andtrafficpatterns.
References:RoadMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:ChapterTwo,p2-28thru2-40;ChapterSeven,AirportOperations,p7-1thru7-18,p7-27(TaxinginaCrosswind);ChapterEight,p8-1thru8-16
AirplaneFlyingHandbook,Chapter3,BasicFlightManeuvers
Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter4,AerodynamicsofFlight,p4-1thru4-23
GleimSportFlightManeuvers,ChapterII,PreflightProcedures
GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnitOne,AirplanesandAerodynamics
Content:1. Preflight,Start-Up,andTaxi(Review)
a. Instructorpointsoutandexplainsrunwaysigns/markings2. BeforeTakeoffchecklist
a. Studentperforms/instructorcoachesasnecessary3. Takeoff(noflaps)(New)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcoachesasnecessary.4. Climbout(New)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcoachesasnecessary5. Level-off(New)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcoachesasnecessary6. Climbout(New)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcoachesasnecessary7. LevelOff(Review)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcoachesasnecessaryb. StudentfliestoPracticeArea(instructorcoaches)c. Levelturns(studentperforms/instructorcoaches)d. Climbs(studentperforms/instructorcoaches)e. Descents(studentperforms/instructorcoaches)f. Leveloffs(studentperforms/instructorcoaches)
8. IntroductiontoSlowFlighta. Instructordemonstratesslowingtoapproachspeedb. Instructorexplainsuseofflapsandpowerc. Studentexplainshowtoslowtoapproachspeed.d. Studentexplainshowtorecovertocruisespeed.e. Studentperformslevelflightslowdowntoapproachspeed.f. Studentperformsreturntocruise.
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g. Repeatastimepermits/necessary.9. Returntohomebase
a. Studentflies/instructorcoachesb. InstructorexplainsPatternentryc. Checklistsd. Lookout
10. Patterna. StudentperformsentryintoDownwind.b. Studentslowstopatternspeed.(Thisapproachwillbewithnoflaps.)c. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughbase(bestglidespeed)d. Studentfliesdownwindandbase
11. Approacha. Instructordemonstrateshowtosetupfinalapproach.b. Instructordemonstratesuseofpowerandnosec. Instructorillustrateshowtotellwhereyouareflyingtod. Instructordiscussesproperrunwayalignmente. Instructordemonstratescrosswindlandingmanagement(ifable)
12. Flaretotouchdowna. Instructordemonstratesproperflareandtouchdown(noflaps)
13. InstructordemonstratesTouchandGo14. Goaroundthepatternwiththestudentonthestick(orletthemflyabove
500feetAGL,asjudgmentdictates).15. Studentperformsdownwind,base,andfinalapproach.16. InstructortakesoverNLT300feetAGLandperformslanding.17. InstructordemonstratescrossingHoldShort
a. Stopsairplane,studentresumestaxi.18. Taxi
a. Studentperformstaxiback/instructorcoaches19. ShutdownandPost-Flight
a. Studentperforms/instructorcoachesasnecessary20. Debrief
a. Critiqueb. Nextlessonwillbeslowflight,stalls,andspins(discussiononly).
CompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudentcanexplaintheforcesoflift,weight,thrust,anddragandhowtheairplanesgeneratesthoseforces;
(2) thestudenthasbeenintroducedtoandallowedtoperformstraight-and-levelflight,climbs,descents,andshallowandmediumbankedturns;
(3) thestudenthasbeenintroducedtoandhasoperatedtheaircraftcommunicationsandnavigationalequipmentforthefirsttime;
(4) thestudentcanexplainhowtoflytoandfromthepracticearea,howtoapproachtheairport,anddemonstratesabasicabilitytoflydownwind,base,andfinalapproachlegs.
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Flight Lesson 3: Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins (1.5 hrs.) Objectives:Todemonstrateandhavethestudentperformatransitiontoslowflight,shallowbankedturnswhileinslowflight,slowflightrecoverytocruise;power-on(takeoff)stalltechniquesandrecovery;power-off(landing)stalltechniquesandrecovery;andtodiscussspinsandspinrecoverytechniques,includingemergencyparachutedeployment.Additionally,thestudentistomakehis/herfirstattemptsat(oractual)landing.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook,p2-14thru2-20,p2-30thrup2-37,p2-46.
AirplaneFlyingHandbook,Chapter4,SlowFlight,StallsandSpins
Pilot’sHandbookofAviationKnowledge,Chapter4,AerodynamicsofFlight,AircraftDesignCharacteristicsp4-12thru4-19;Stalls,p4-22thru4-23,
GleimSportFlightManeuversHandbook,ChapterVIII,SlowFlightandStalls
GleimPilotHandbook,Sec1.2,StallsandSpins,p.72-78
Pilot’sOperatingHandbook(stalls,spins);BRSManual(ifequipped)
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff(Review)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques2. Takeoff(New)
a. Instructordemo:normalflapconfigurationtakeoff3. ClimbOut(New)
a. Instructordemo:normalflapconfigurationclimbout4. LevelOff(New)
a. Instructordemo:normalflapconfigurationleveloffb. Handofftostudent
5. CruisetoPracticeArea(New)a. StudentPerforms/instructorcritiquesb. Instructorperformsstability/trimdemoc. Studentperformsstabilitydemo/trim
6. SlowFlight(above1500ftAGL)(New)a. StudentstellsInstructorhowtoslowto55knots/Instructorperformsb. Instructordemonstratesanddiscussesslowflightat5knotsabove
stall.(cross-controls,dragcurve,useofpower)c. Instructordemonstratesrecoverytocruised. Studentperforms/instructorcoaches(repeatasnecessary,vary
turns)7. TakeoffStalls(Power-OnStalls)(New)
a. Instructorsetsupscenarioanddemonstratespower-onstall;b. Instructorrecoversandclimbs300feet;c. Studentperformspower-onstall.d. Studentrepeats;instructormayvarybyexecutinginaturn.
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e. Repeatasnecessary8. LandingStalls(Power-OffStalls)(New)
a. Instructorsetsupaircraftanddemonstratespower-offstall(straightahead)
b. Studentperformspower-offstallstraight-aheadc. Studentperformspower-offstallinaturnd. Repeatasnecessary
9. Spins(New)a. Discussionofwhatisaspin/howyougetinitb. Differencebetweenaspinandaspiralc. Recoveryforeachd. Worstcase:BRS!(ifequipped)
10. ReturntoHomeBase(Review)a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques
11. Pattern(Review)a. Studentperformsentry,downwind,baseandfinal
12. Landing(New)a. Studentperformsdownwind,base,andfinal.Instructordemonstrates
finalflareandtouchdown.Instructortaxisbackashediscussesself-critiqueofhislanding.
b. Studentperformsnormalflapconfigurationtakeoffandfliescrosswind,downwind,base,andfinal.Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
c. Instructordemonstratesfullstoplanding.Studentcritiquesduringtaxiback.
d. Studentperformsnormalflapconfigurationtakeoff.Studentfliesdownwind,base,andfinalwithnoflaps.
e. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughfirst(zerodegreeflaplanding).f. Iftimepermits,repeat.
13. AfterLanding,Taxi,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques
14. Debrief(Review)a. CollaborativeAssessmentb. NextLessonwillbeSteepTurnsandGroundReferenceManeuvers
CompletionStandardsThelessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudenthasbeenintroducedtonormalflapconfigurationtakeoffs;(2) thestudenthasbeenintroducedtoandhasperformedslowflightentry,low
flighthandling,andexecutedarecoverytocruisingflight;(3) thestudenthasbeenintroducedtoandhasperformedpower-onandpower-
offstallentriesandrecoveries;(4) thestudentcanexplainwhataspinisandhowtorecoverfromaspin
(includinguseoftheemergencyparachutesystem,ifequipped):
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(5) thestudenthasdemonstratedstraight-and-levelflightwithin+300feet,safeshallowand/ormediumbankedturns,andbasicsofcoordinatedflight(nounsafeskidsorslips);
(6) thestudenthashandledallradiocommunicationsandnavigationaltasks(withcoachingasnecessary);
(7) thestudentdemonstratedthathe/sheunderstoodandflewthedownwind,base,andfinalapproachphase;
(8) andthestudentwasintroducedtotheflareandfinallanding(i.e.,wascoachedthroughhis/herfirstattemptstolandordidland).
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Flight Lesson 4: Steep Turns and Ground Reference Maneuvers (1.5 hrs.) Objectives:Tofamiliarizethestudentwithaircrafthandlingandcontrolduringsteepturns,tointroducethestudenttogroundreferencemaneuversandtheeffectsofwindwhilecontrollinganaircraftclosetotheground,andreviewpreviousmaneuversandtechniquesasdesired.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook,p2-18,p2-44thru2-46
AirplaneFlyingHandbook,LevelTurns,p3-7thru3-13;Chapter6,GroundReferenceManeuvers,p6-1thru6-9(stopbefore“ElementaryEights);Chapter7,AirportTrafficPatterns;Chapter8,ApproachesandLandings,p8-1thru8-17(stopbefore“ShortFieldApproachandLanding)
Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter13,AirportOperations
GleimSportFlightManeuvers,ChapterVI,GroundReferenceManeuvers;PartII/ChapterV,SteepTurns,p.186-190
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,andBeforeTakeoff(Review)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques2. Takeoff,Climbout,andLevelOff(Review)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques3. SteepTurns(New)
a. Instructordiscussesaircraftconfiguration/G-limits(flapsdependent)b. ClearingTurns/Lookout/SAc. InstructordemonstratesoneSteepTurn(360degrees)d. Studenttellsinstructorhowtoperformsteepturn/instructor
performse. Studentperformssteepturnf. Repeatasnecessary;performbothdirectionsg. Instructordiscussesacceleratedstall
4. RectangularPattern(New)a. Instructordemonstratespattern,discussingwindeffectsb. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques
5. S-turns(New)a. InstructorDemonstrateshowtofly,discussingwindeffectsb. StudenttellsInstructorhowtofly/Instructorperformsandcritiquesc. StudentperformsS-turns/Instructorcritiquesd. Repeatasnecessary/timepermits
6. TurnsAboutaPoint(New)a. Instructordiscussesset-upanddemonstratesonetotheleftb. Studenttellsinstructorhowtoexecute/Instructorperformsand
critiquesc. Studentperformsturnsaboutapoint/Instructorcritiquesd. Repeatasnecessary/timepermits
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7. ReturntoHomeBase,PatternEntry(Review)a. Studentperforms/instructorcoaches
8. FinalApproachandLanding(ReviewandNew)a. Studentperforms/instructorcoaches/fullstopb. Studentfliesentirepatterntodownwind/Instructordemonstratesa
downwind,base,final,andlandingwithflaps.9. AfterLanding,Shutdown,Post-Flight(Review)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques10. Debrief
a. Critiqueb. Landings,Slips,andGo-Aroundsarenext.
CompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudenthasdemonstratedabasicabilitytoflysteepturns;(2) thestudenthasdemonstratedabasicabilitytoflyturnsaboutapoint,s-
turnsacrossaroad,andarectangularpatternandcanexplaintheeffectsofwindoneach;
(3) thestudenthasdemonstratedabasicproficiencyattakeoffs,climbs,transittothepracticearea,returnfromthepracticearea,trafficpatternentryandmanagement,andapproachandlanding;
(4) thestudentcanperformabasiclanding(noflaps)withassistance;(5) andthestudenthasbeenintroducedtoalandingwithflaps.
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Flight Lesson 5: Landings, Slips, and Go-Arounds (1.5 hrs.) Objectives:Tointroduceastudenttogo-aroundsusingthefullrangeofflapsettings;tointroduceforwardandsideslipsandthepurposeofeach,andtointroducenormalandcrosswindlandingtechniquesusingallflapsettings.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook,p2-31
AirplaneFlyingHandbook,Chapter8,ApproachesandLandings,p8-1thru8-17(stopbeforeShortFieldApproachandLanding);FaultyApproachesandLandings,p.8-27thru8-35
Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,TakeoffandLandingPerformance,p.10-11thru10-17(stopbeforePerformanceSpeeds);LandingCharts,p10-25,26;AirportLighting,p13-6thru13-9;WindDirectionIndicatorsandTrafficPatterns,p13-10thru13-11;WakeTurbulencep13-15thru13-17;RunwayIncursionAvoidance,p13-18
GleimSportFlightManeuvers,ChapterIVTakeoffs,Landings,andGo-Arounds
GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnitThree,Airports,AirTrafficControl,andAirspace
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,andTakeoff(Review)
a. Studentperformsnormalflapconfigurationtakeoff/instructorcoachesasnecessary
2. No-flapsLanding(Review)a. Studentperformsfullstopwithcoaching.Taxi-back.b. Studentfliesentirepatterntoano-flap,fullstoplanding.c. Repeatasnecessary.
3. PerformIntermediateflaplanding(usually15degrees)(New)a. Ondownwind,Instructortakesairplaneanddemonstratesan
intermediateflapapproachandlanding.b. Studentexecutestakeoffandperformsintermediateflapslandingtoa
fullstop.Taxiback.c. Studentfliesfullpatterntoanintermediateflap,fullstop
landing/Instructorcoaches.d. Repeatasnecessary.
4. Performfullflaplanding(New)a. Ondownwind,Instructortakesairplaneanddemonstratesafullflap
flapapproachandlanding.Taxiback.b. Studentexecutestakeoffandperformsfullflaplandingtoafull
stop./Instructorcoaches..c. Repeatasnecessary
5. CrosswindLanding(noflap)(New)a. Instructorposeshypotheticalcrosswind(ifnoneavailable).Coaches
studentthroughdownwind,base,andfinal.
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b. Instructordemoscrosswindlandingtechnique(wingdown,oppositerudder).Performsfullstoplanding.
c. Studenttakes-offandfliesdownwind,base,andfinal-talksthroughorexecutes(asconditionsallow)crosswindapproachandlandingtoafullstop.
d. Studentperformsnormalflapconfigurationtakeoff.6. Studentperformslandingwithflaps/fullstop.(Review)
a. Instructorcoachesasnecessary.b. Studentrepeatsasnecessarytolandatallflapsettings.
7. GoAround(New)a. Ondownwind,Instructordiscusseswhya“go-around”mightbe
needed;Instructortakesairplaneanddemonstratesago-aroundfromfinalusingafifteendegreeflapsetting;
b. Instructorgivesstudentairplaneatorabove300ftAGL;tellsstudentheisgoingto“go-around”onhiscall.
c. Setupstudentforalandingwithflaps(full).d. At500feetAGL,Instructorcallsforgoaround.
i. Studentexecutes/instructorcoaches.8. Slips(New)
a. Instructorexplains/demosslipwithnoflaps/performslandingb. Studentperformsslipwithnoflaps/performslandingc. Repeatorgotointermediateflapslip/landing.d. Repeatwithafullflapsliptoalanding.e. Repeat(instructoroption).f. Instructordemossideslipforcrosswinduse/touchandgo.
9. Performlandingsofchoicetoafullstop(Review)a. Studentorinstructorpicksandperforms
10. AfterTaxi,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques
11. Debriefa. Critique/discussb. EmergencyOperationsarenext
CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletedwhen:
(1) thestudenthasbeenintroducedtocrosswindlandingtechniques;(2) thestudentcansuccessfullyexecutelandingsusingno,intermediate,andfull
flaplandingswithlittleornoassistance;(3) thestudenthassuccessfullyexecutedgo-aroundsfromno,intermediate,and
fullflapsettings;(4) andthestudenthasbeenintroducedtoandexecutedbothforwardandside-
slips.
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Flight Lesson 6: Emergency Operations (1.5 hrs.) Objective:Tointroducethestudenttoemergencyoperationsincludingengine-outapproaches,theuseofchecklists,andemergencycommunicationsandnavigationaltechniques.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook,p8-11(TheEmergencyFrequency),p8-13thru8-16
Pilot’sOperatingHandbook(fortheaircraftbeingflown),Emergencies
AirplaneFlyingHandbook,EmergencyApproachesandLandings(Simulated),p8-35thru8-27(stopbeforeFaultyApproachesandLandings);Chapter16,EmergencyProcedures
GleimFlightManeuvers,ChapterIX,EmergencyOperations
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-out,andLevelOff
(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorCritiques
2. EngineOutProcedures(New)a. Aviate,Navigate,Communicateb. UseofChecklist/Proceduresc. Evaluatelanding/BRS(ifequipped)d. Waveoffat500feet
3. EmergencyDescents(New)a. Instructordiscusseswhyadescentmightbeneeded(fire,weather,
trafficavoidance)b. Instructordemonstratesahigh-speeddescent(aircraftdependent)c. Studentexecutesd. Instructordemonstratesaturning(highbankangle)emergency
descent/discussesrecoveryanddangersofever-steepeningspirale. Studentexecutesf. Factorstoconsider
4. SystemsEmergencies(New)a. Aviate,Navigate,Communicateb. ChecklistProceduresc. Useofradiosandtranspondercodesd. Instructorpicksanemergencyprocedureandhasstudentstep
throughit(includingcallingforassistance).5. UnusualAttitudeRecoveries
a. Instructortakescontrolofaircraft,hasstudentclosehiseyeswhilemaneuveringaircrafttonosehigh,bankedattitude.Hasstudentopeneyesandrecover.
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b. Instructortakescontrolofaircraft,hasstudentclosehiseyeswhilemaneuveringaircrafttonoselow,bankedattitude.Hasstudentopeneyesandrecover.
c. Instructorrepeatsasdesired.6. LostProcedures(New)
a. Climbb. Locatec. Communicated. Comply
7. ReturntoHomeBase(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcritiques
8. Pattern(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcritiques
9. Normallanding/noorintermediateflaps/fullstop(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcritiques
10. Normallanding/fullflaps/fullstop(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcoaches
11. EngineOutinPattern/fullstop(New)a. Fromabeam,Instructorpullspowerb. Studentexecutesapproachandlanding/Instructorcoachesc. Takentoafullstop
12. AfterLanding,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcritiques
13. Debriefa. Critique/Discussb. NextlessonwillbeaReview
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudentcandemonstratehe/sheknowstheproperprioritiesinanemergency;
(2) thestudenthasbeenintroducedtoemergencylandings;(3) thestudentcanexplainhowtogainassistanceinanemergencyandwhat
resourcesareavailabletohim/herinflight;(4) andthestudenthasdemonstratedtheabilitytosafelyconductanapproach
andlandtheaircraftwithminimalassistanceinseveralflapconfigurations.
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Flight Lesson 7: Review (1.5 hrs) Objectives:Toreviewthefundamentalmaneuversnecessarytopreparethestudentforsoloflight.
References:SeePreviousLessons(1thru6)
RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:p6-12(SoloRequirements)
FAR61.87
Content:Note:Theinstructorwillalsoreviewemergencyproceduresasdesired.
1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-out,LevelOff(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
2. RectangularPatterns(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
3. S-TurnsAcrossaRoad(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
4. TurnsAboutaPoint(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
5. Climbto2500feetwhileturningtoaheading(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
6. SteepTurns(Review)a. EnsureClearingTurnperformedb. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates(checkPTS)
7. SlowFlightandbacktoCruise(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
8. Takeoff/Power-OnStalls(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
9. Landing/Power-OnStalls(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
10. ReturntoHomeBase(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates
11. NormalLandingwithnoorintermediateflapsa. StudentPerforms/InstructorEvaluatesb. FullStoplandingc. RepeatorperformoneGoAround(InstructorChoice)
12. NormalLandingwithfullflapsa. StudentPerforms/Instructorcritiquesb. FullStoplandingc. RepeatorperformoneGoAround(InstructorChoice)d. Repeat
13. SlipstoaLandinga. Flapscannotbetouchedb. Letstudentfigureitout
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c. Landingtoafullstopd. Repeatasdesired
14. SimulatedEngineOut(atanytime)a. StudentPerformsb. Repeat/fullstop
15. AfterLanding,Taxi,Shutdown,Post-Flighta. StudentPerforms/InstructorCritiques
16. Debriefa. Critique/Discussb. NextLessonwillbeaProficiencyLesson
CompletionStandardsThelessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudenthasperformedallrequiredmaneuverssafely.Theinstructorneedstofeelthestudentisreadytosolo.Exceptforapproachandlanding,thestudentisexpectedtobeabletomaintainaltitudewithin300feetandairspeedwithin15kts.Forapproachandlanding,thestudentmustbeabletomaintainairspeedwithin+10or-5ktsofthetarget.Alllandingsmustbeinthefirstthirdoftherunwayunlesstheinstructordesignatesotherwise.
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Flight Lesson 8: Proficiency Lesson #1/Pre-Solo Review (1.4 hrs.) Objectives:Tofurtherdevelopstudentproficiencyandreviewandcorrectweaknesseshighlightedduringthelastlesson.Theinstructorhastheoptionofbypassingthislessonifhefeelsthestudentisreadyforthenextlesson(solo).
References:SeePreviousLessonPlans(1-7).
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-out,&Level-Off(Review)
a. Studentperforms/InstructorEvaluates.2. ProficiencyManeuvers(Review)
a. Instructorrequestsstudentperformsanymaneuverwherehebelievesthestudenthasexhibitedaweakness
b. Instructorcoachesandstudentpracticesuntilproficiencyachieved.3. ProficiencyLandings(Review)
a. Instructorrequestsstudentperformslandingstodemonstrateproficiency
b. Anyweaknessesdiscoveredareworkedon/Instructordemonstratesorcoachesasnecessary
c. Studentfliesatleastfourlandingsusingvariousflapsettingstoafullstop
4. AfterLanding,Taxi,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcritiques
5. Debriefa. Discuss/Critiqueb. Nextlessonisanotherproficiency(and/orsolo).
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhenallrequestedmaneuvershavebeensafelycompleted(theoutcomeofallmaneuvershaveneverbeenindoubt),thestudenthasperformedatleastfourfullstoplandings,andtheinstructorbelievesthestudentisreadyforasoloendorsement.
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Flight Lesson 9: Proficiency Lesson #2/Solo (1.6 hrs.) Objective:Toimprovestudentproficiencyinallmaneuverstaughtsofarandtoallowthestudenttoperformthreetakeoffsandlandingstoafullstopsolo,ifwarranted.Thislessonmayberepeateduntilthestudentissuccessfullyreleasedforsoloandsafelyrecovered.References:SeePreviousLessonPlans(1-8)
FederalAviationRegulations,Part61.87,Part91
GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnitFour,FederalAviationRegulations
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-out,Level-Off(Review)
a. Studentperforms/Instructorcritiquesb. NavigatetoareaandbackwithoutGPS
2. Instructor’sChoice(Review)a. Instructorpickstwosetsofmaneuvers(GR,EMER,STALLs,STEEP)b. Studentexecutes/instructorevaluates
3. PatternWork(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorCritiques
4. NormalLandingstoaFullStopusinganyflapsetting(Review)5. ReleaseforSolo(NEW)
a. Instructorasksstudenttolethimout/takeshandheldb. Studentinstructedtodothreelandingstoafullstopc. Studentsolos
6. AfterLanding,Taxi,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcritiques
7. Debriefa. Congratulatestudent!b. Discuss/Critiquec. Endorselogbook/recordendorsement
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletedwhenthestudenthassuccessfullysoloedtheaircraftandperformedthreetakeoffsandlandingstoafullstopwithalloutcomesneverindoubt.Whiletheinstructorwillmonitorthesolousingahandheldradio,he/shewillonlytalktothestudentifsafetyofflightisindoubtortheinstructorwishestoterminatetheflightforanyreason.
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Flight Lesson 10: Short Field and Soft Field Takeoffs and Landings (1.5 hrs.) Objectives:Tofamiliarizethestudentwiththepropertechniquesforshortfieldandsoftfieldlandingsandtakeoffs.
References:AirplaneFlyingHandbook,CrosswindTakeoff,p5-5thru5-7;Short-FieldTakeoffandMaximumPerformanceClimb,p.5-8thru5-10;Soft/RoughFieldTakeoffandClimb,p5-10thru5-11
Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,TakeoffandLandingPerformance,p10-11thru10-17(stopbeforePerformanceSpeeds)
Pilot’sOperatingHandbook,Short-FieldTakeoffProcedure
GleimSportFlightManeuvers,Soft-FieldTakeoffandClimb,p.155-159;SoftFieldApproachandLanding,p160–164;ShortFieldTakeoffandMaximumPerformanceClimb,p165–169;ShortFieldApproachandLanding,p170-174.
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-outtoClosedPattern
(Review)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcritiques
2. ShortFieldLanding(New)a. InstructortakesaircraftondownwindanddemonstratesShortField
Landingwithrecommendedflapsb. Fullstopandtaxiback
3. ShortFieldTakeoff(New)a. InstructordemonstratesShortFieldtakeoffandVxclimbb. Studenttakesairplanebackondownwind
4. ShortFieldApproachandLanding(New)a. StudentperformsShortFieldLanding/Instructorcoachesb. Fullstopandtaxibackc. Studentperformsshortfieldtakeoff
5. ShortFieldTakeoffandLanding(New)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoachesb. StudentperformssecondShortFieldLandingtofullstopc. Studentrepeatsshortfieldtakeoff
6. Repeatasnecessary(New)a. Discusscrosswindtechniqueifnotbeingused/Useofflapsand
techniqueifgusty7. SoftFieldTakeoffandLanding(New)
a. InstructordiscussesanddemonstratesSoftFieldtakeoffb. InstructordemonstratesSoftFieldlandingusingrecommendedflapsc. FullstopandgivebacktoStudentd. StudentperformsShortFieldTakeoffwithinstructorassistancee. StudentperformsShortFieldLandingwithrecommended
flaps/Instructorcoaches.
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f. Repeatasnecessaryg. Instructordemonstratessoftfieldlandingwithnoflaps(high
crosswind)/fullstop/taxibackh. Studentperformssoftfieldtakeoffandlandingwithrecommended
flapsettings8. AfterLanding,Taxi,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)
a. Studentperforms/Instructorcritiques9. Debrief
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudentdemonstratesabasicunderstandingandproficiencyatperformingshortfieldandsoftfieldlandingsandtakeoffs.Forsoft-fieldlandings,touchdownparametersaregivenpriorityovertouchdownaccuracy;however,innocaseistouchdownbeyondthefirstthirdoftherunwaypermissible.Forshortfieldlandings,thestudentwillbeinstructedtolandwithin400feetofhistargetpoint.Forbothcases,airspeedcontrolisexpectedtobewithin+10and–5ktsoftarget.
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Flight Lesson 11: Second (Supervised) Solo (1.5 hrs.) Objective:Tobuildthestudent’sconfidenceandincreasethestudent’sproficiencybypracticingmaneuverstotheSportPilotPracticalTestStandards.
References:SeePreviousLessons(1-10)
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,Takeoff,Climb,Level-off,TransittoPracticeArea
(Review)2. S-turnsacrossaroad(Review)
a. Studentperforms3. Turnsaboutapoint(Review)
a. Studentperforms4. Transitbacktoairport(Review)
a. Studentperforms5. Trafficpattern(Review)
a. Studentperforms6. SimulatedEngineOut(abeam)(Review)
a. Studentfliestofullstoportouchandgo7. Normaltakeoffandlandingswithvariousflapssettings8. Softfieldtakeoffandlandingpractice
a. Studentfliesalltofullstop9. Shortfieldtakeoffandlandingpractice
a. Studentfliesalltofullstop10. Taxiback,Shutdown
a. Studentexecutes11. Debrief
a. Studentcontactsinstructoranddebriefs
CompletionStandards
Thislessoniscompletedwhen:
(1) thestudenthassuccessfullyexecutedmostmaneuverstoSportPilotPracticalTestStandards;
(2) thestudentdemonstratesgoodsituationalawarenessandgooddecisionmakingduringthedualandsoloportionsoftheflight;
(3) thestudentperformssafelandingswithin400feetofthetargetpoint;(4) andthestudenthascontactedtheinstructorandtheyhavediscussedthe
conductoftheflight.
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Flight Lesson 12: Dual Cross-Country (2.5 hrs. maximum) Objective:Tofamiliarizethestudentwiththeskillsnecessarytoplanandexecuteacross-countryflightofatleast75nmwiththreelegs(fullstoplandingeach)ofwhichoneisatleast25nmlong.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapters8,and10-15AirplaneFlyingHandbook,Chapter7,AirportTrafficPatternsPilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter11,WeatherTheory;Chapter12,AviationWeatherServices;Chapter13,AirportOperations;Chapter14,Airspace;Chapter15,Navigation;Chapter16,AeromedicalFactors;Chapter17,AeronauticalDecisionMaking;GarminGPSMAP496Owner’sManualGleimSportFlightManeuversGleimPilot’sHandbookFARPart91Airman’sInformationManual,Chapters1thru8Content:
1. Preflight(New)a. Instructorandstudentreviewsstudent’spreflightplanning(logs,
charts,wx)b. Instructorandstudentcheckwx,TFR’s,etc.Instructordiscusses
variousmeansofdoingthis(i.e.,computerandFSSonPhone).c. InstructorandstudentdiscussfilingandclosingaFlightPlan.d. Instructorandstudentreviewweightandbalanceandfuelplanning.e. Instructorandstudentreviewperformanceplanning(runway,climb,
densityaltitude)2. Start(New)
a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoachesb. Checkavionics,navigationalset-up,cockpitsetup(SRM)
3. Taxi,BeforeTakeoff(New)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoachesb. Setuptherightchartc. Firstheading/checkpointd. Recordingoftakeofftime
4. Takeoff.Climb-out,Level-Off(New)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoaches.
5. Leg1(NoGPS/PilotageandDRonly)(New)
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a. Studentperforms/instructorcoaches.i. Instructordiscusses:
1. Findingandcheckinglandmarks,useofcharts2. Theeffectofwind3. UseofEA-6Btocalculatetime,wind,fuel4. Fuelcheckingandbalancing5. MaintainingtheNavigationalLog6. KeepingSituationalAwareness
b. Firstlandingi. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughapproachandpatternentry
ii. Studentexecuteslandingofchoice/Fullstopandtaxibackiii. CockpitreconfigurationforLeg2,ifcontinuing;shutdown
proceduresifnotiv. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughcheckingweatherforleg2
(usecockpitresourcesifstillinairplane)6. Leg2(NoGPS/PilotageandDRonly)
a. Studentexecutes/Instructorcoachesasrequiredb. Instructorquizzesstudentonsituationalawareness,createsatleast
onedistractionc. Studentfliestosecondairportandexecuteslandingtoafullstop
7. Leg3(GPSallowed,Pilotage,andDR)(New)a. InstructorcoachesstudentthroughGPSset-upb. Studentreconfiguresaircraftandperformstaxi,takeoff,climb-out,
andlevel-offc. Studentestablishescourseusingchart,compass,withGPSbackupd. InstructordiscussesLostProcedurese. Instructordiscussesrunningintounexpectedweather;Instructor
demonstratesGPSweatherfunctions(XMweather);discussesotherwxresourceuse(FSS,Flightwatch);givesstudentsituationthatwouldcauseadivert;studentexplainsactionstobetaken.Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
i. Emphasizelandingiftimeisneededtothinkorassessii. Emphasizehelpisnearlyalwaysavailable.Askforhelpifover
yourhead.iii. Ifyouloseit,usethechute!
f. PatternEntry,Approach,andLanding(Review)i. Studentexecutes/Instructorcritiques
g. AfterLanding,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)i. Studentexecutes/Instructorcritiques
h. Debriefi. Discusscross-countryconduct
1. Pilotageanddead-reckoning2. GPSnavigation3. Navigationallogmaintenance4. Overallsituationalawareness
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CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1)thestudenthasdemonstratedgoodsituationalawareness;
(2)thestudenthasdemonstratedtheabilitytostayoncoursewithin2nmusingnavigationalskillsconsistingofpilotage,deadreckoning,andradioorsatellitenavigationandcanmaintainaltitudewithin200feetandairspeedwithin10knots;
(3)thestudenthasdemonstratedheunderstandsweathercriteria,airspace,andairtrafficcontrol;
(4)thestudenthassafelycompletedtwofullstoplandingsatintermediatestopsandafinallandingattheendoftheflight;
(5)andthestudenthasdemonstratedhe/sheisreadytoundertakethetaskofasolocross-countryonthenextflight.
Thislessonmayberepeatedinfullorabbreviatedformiftheinstructorfindstherearedeficienciesthatputthesuccessfulcompletionofasolocross-countryindoubt.
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Flight Lesson 13: Introduction to Control by Instruments (1.5 hrs.) Objectives:ToevaluatestudentproficiencyagainsttheFAA’sSportPilotPracticalTestStandardstounderstandwhatimprovementsthestudentneedstomake.Thislessonalsoisintendedtointroducecontroloftheaircraftsolelybyreferencetoinstrumentsinpreparationforcross-countryflightinstruction.ThestudentwillbegivenavisionrestrictiondeviceandthenattempttocontroltheaircraftbyuseoftheADI,altimeter,VSI,compassormagneticheadingreadout,andGPS.Thestudentwillbeinstructedtoperformstraightandlevelflight,shallowturns,climbs,anddescentsusinginstrumentsalone.Thepurposeofthislessonistointroduceand/orstrengthenskillsthatmightsaveastudent’slifeinthecaseofaninadvertentencounterwithIFR.
References:SeePreviousLessonPlans(1-9)
RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook,Chapter5,FlightInstruments:Clock,Tops,&Toys,alsop16-6thru16-8
Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter7,FlightInstruments
GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit12,AircraftInstruments
GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit2,Sec2.1thru2.12
(Optional:InstrumentFlyingHandbook(FAA),Chapters4and5)
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-out,&Level-Off(Review)
a. Studentperforms/InstructorcomparestoPTS2. IntroductiontoControlofAircraftbyInstruments.(New)
a. Instructortakescontrolofaircraftandtellsstudenthehasinadvertentlywanderedintothecloudsonhissolocross-country;studentinstallshoodorothervisualrestrictiondevice.
3. StraightandLevel(New)a. Studentinstructedonbasicinstrumentscanb. Studentattemptstokeepwingslevel/Instructorcoachesc. Instructorinstructsstudentonslowingaircraftdownto80knotsd. Instructorinstructsstudentonspeedingbackuptocruise
4. Shallowturns(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentonperforminga10degreebankturntoa
headingb. Instructorasksstudenttoperforma10degreebankturntooriginal
headinginoppositedirection.c. Instructorasksstudenttoperforma20degAOBturntoaheading.d. Instructorasksstudenttoperforma30degreebankedturntoa
heading/Discussessteepturnsandwhyit’sbesttokeepturnsshallow(overbanking,easiertoanticipaterollout,vertigo)
5. ClimbsandDescents(New)
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a. Instructorcoachesstudentinlevelwingsclimbforatleast500feetb. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughleveloffandresumingcruise
(discussVa)c. Instructorcoachesstudenttodescendbacktooriginalaltitudeusing
setspeedbelowVaand500fpmd. Instructorasksstudenttoclimbwitha10-degreeangleofbanktoa
headingandleveloffatadesignatedaltitude.e. Instructorasksstudenttodescendatsamespeedasc.aboveandat
500fpmwhileturningwitha10degreeangleofbanktoaheadingandlevelingoffatadesignatedaltitude.
6. Repeatanyoftheaboveasnecessary.7. LossofControl(Optional,basedontimeandstudentability)
a. Instructortakecontrolofaircraft,hasstudentclosehiseyes,andmaneuversstudenttoattempttoinducevertigo.
b. Instructorplacesaircraftinbanked,nosehighattitudeandinstructsstudenttorecover.Studentexecuteswhileinstructorcoaches.
c. Instructorplacesaircraftinbanked,nosehighattitudeandinstructsstudenttorecover.Studentexecuteswhileinstructorcoaches.
8. Practiceandconfidencebuildinga. InstructoractsasATCandgivesthestudenta“GCA”backtoPearlandb. Studentcontrolstheaircraftandperformscommunicationsfunctions
asneeded/Instructorcoaches.c. Flystudenttodownwindjustbeforemid-fieldandslowtodownwind
speed.9. AfterLanding,Taxi,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)
a. Studentperforms/InstructorcomparestoPTS10. Debrief
a. Discuss/Critique/comparisonresults
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1)theinstructorhashadthestudentexecuteselectedmaneuversrequiredbytheSportPilotPracticalTestStandards.Thestudentandinstructorwillreviewtheresultsofthecheckandthestudentwillbetaskedwithpracticinganymaneuverstheinstructordeemsfitinthenextlesson;and
(2)thestudenthasbeenintroducedtothecontroloftheairplanesolelybyreferencetoinstrumentsandwhentheinstructorhasdebriefedtheflight,includingareviewofthe4C’s.
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Flight Lesson 14: Solo Cross-Country (2.5 hrs. maximum) Objective:Toallowthestudenttoconductasolocross-countryofatleastthreelegs,75nmtotallength,withonelegatleast25nmlong.
References:AirplaneFlyingHandbook,Chapter7,AirportTrafficPatternsPilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter11,WeatherTheory;Chapter12,AviationWeatherServices;Chapter13,AirportOperations;Chapter14,Airspace;Chapter15,Navigation;Chapter16,AeromedicalFactors;Chapter17,AeronauticalDecisionMaking;AviationWeather(all)GarminGPSMAP496Owner’sManualGleimSportFlightManeuvers,GleimPilot’sHandbookFARPart91Airman’sInformationManual,Chapters1thru8Content:
1. PreflightReview(New)a. Instructorreviewsstudent’scross-countryplanningb. Instructorendorsestudentforsolocross-country,includingall
necessaryaircraftandairspaceendorsementsc. Instructorasksstudenttophotographtheairportateachstop.
2. Debriefa. StudentdebriefstheInstructoroncross-countryconducton
hisreturn.
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudentpilotsafelyreturnsfromthecross-countrywithalltrainingobjectivesmetandwithouthavingincurredanincident,accident,orFAAruleviolationandhassuccessfullydebriefedhisinstructoronitsconduct.
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Flight Lesson 15: Maneuvers Review/PTS Prep #1 (1.5 hrs.) Objectives:ToimprovestudentproficiencyofallflightmaneuversrequiredbytheLightSportPilotTestingStandardsandensurethatthestudentcanmeetthosestandardsandisreadyforhis/herLightSportPilotCheckride.NOTE:Thislessonandlessons17and19mayallbeconductedasmockcheckrides.
References:FAALightSportPracticalTestStandards.Allpreviouslessonmaterial.Content:
1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-out,Level-Off(Review)
a. Studentperforms/InstructorcritiquesusingPTS2. Short-FieldTakeoff(Review)
a. Studentperforms/InstructorcritiquesusingPTS3. Studentfliestothepracticeareaandperformsthefollowing
maneuvers/InstructorEvaluates(Review):a. SteepTurnsb. SlowFlightc. Take-off/Power-OnStallsd. Landing/Power-OffStallse. SpinAwareness/Recoveryf. Engine-OutApproachandLandingg. RectangularPatternh. S-turnsacrossaroadi. TurnsaboutaPoint
4. StudentreturnstoHomeFieldandenterspattern(Review)a. Studentexecutes/InstructorEvaluates
5. ApproachesandLandings(Review)a. Studentexecutes/InstructorEvaluatesorsetsup
i. Soft-fieldlanding,taxi-back,short-fieldtakeoffii. Normallanding/highset-up(canbet&g)
1. Studentcanpickhowtosolveiii. Normallanding/highset-up(canbet&g)
1. Useslipstoalandingifnotalreadydoneiv. Intermediatesettingflaplanding(canbet&g)
1. Studentexecutes/InstructorEvaluatesv. Fullflaplanding(fullstop,taxiback)
1. Instructordemonstrates2. Studentexecutes/InstructorEvaluates
6. AfterLanding,Shutdown,andPost-Flighta. Studentexecutes/InstructorEvaluates
7. Debrief
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a. Collaborativeassessmentb. NextlessonisaSoloPractice
i. Recommendmaneuversthatneedwork
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudenthasdemonstratedthathecanflythesemaneuverswithinthestandardslaidouttheFAA’sSportPilotPracticalTestStandards;
(2) andtheinstructorhasahighdegreeofconfidencethatthestudentisreadyforhis/herSportPilotCheckride.
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Flight Lesson 16: Student Solo Practice/PTS Prep (1.5 hrs.)(Optional) Objective:Toallowthestudentanopportunitytoimprovehis/herproficiencybyperformingmaneuversrequiredbytheSportPilotPracticalTestStandardsandprovidingtheinstructoraself-critique.Thelatterbuildsastudent’sabilitytoperformaself-critiquewhentheyfly,askilltheywillneedforallfutureflightsiftheyhopetoimprove.References:FAASportPilotPracticalTestStandards.Materialfromallpreviouslessons.Content:
1. Studentperformssolopracticeofmaneuversrecommendedandchosen.
2. Studentdebriefsself;writesdownnotestopresenttoinstructor3. Studentdebriefsinstructor
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompleteafterthestudentdebriefstheinstructorandtheyagreeonthecontentforthenextlesson.
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Flight Lesson 17: Maneuver Review/PTS Prep #2 (1.5 hrs.) Objective:Tocontinuetopreparethestudenttosuccessfullypasshis/herSportPilotPracticalTest(Checkride).Whendesired,thislessonwillbeconductedbyaCFIwhoisnotthestudent’s“regular”instructor.
References:FAASportPilotPracticalTestStandards.Allpreviouslessonmaterial.
Content:Note:InstructorpicksmaneuversbasedonthoseremainingtobecoveredfromPTSPrep#1andthosethatneedpolish.
1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-Out,Level-Off(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates2. ShortFieldTakeoff/ObstacleClearanceClimb(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates3. SlowFlight(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates4. Takeoff/PowerOnStalls(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates5. Landing/Power-OffStalls(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates6. Spinawareness(Review)
a. Instructordemos/quizzesstudent7. SteepTurns(45o)(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates8. STurnsAcrossaRoad(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates9. TurnsaboutaPoint(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates10. RectangularPatterns(Review)
a. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates11. ReturntoHomebase(Review)
a. TrafficPatternEntryi. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates
12. PatternWork(Review)a. Softfieldlanding/taxiback/softfieldtakeoffb. Flapszerolanding(touchandgo)c. Flapsminussixlandingd. Engineoutlandinge. Goaround/rejectedlandingf. Slipstoalandingg. Studentchoicelandings(3to4)
i. HoldtoPTSstandards
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13. Taxi/Shutdown/Post-Flighta. Studentexecutes;InstructorEvaluates
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudentdemonstrateshe/shecanexecutethemaneuverslistedintheSportPilotPracticalTestStandardswiththegivencriteria.
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Flight Lesson 18: Student Practice/PTS Prep (1.5 hrs.) (Optional)Objective:Toallowthestudenttopracticebeforehe/herSportPilotPracticalTestandtobuildthestudent’sabilitytoself-critiquesohe/shecanemploythatskillinallfutureflying.
References:FAASportPilotPracticalTestStandards.Allpreviouslessonmaterial.
Content:1. Studentandinstructorlistmaneuversthatcanbemostimprovedbypractice.2. Studentfliesselectedmaneuversandperformsandrecordsself-critique.3. Instructorreviewsself-critiquewithstudent
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcomplete:
(1) afterthestudenthasflowntheflightanddiscussedhis/herself-critiquewiththeinstructor;
(2) andthestudentandinstructoragreethatthestudentisreadyforamockcheckride.
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Flight Lesson 19: Final PTS Check (1.5)(Optional) Objectives:Toprovidethestudentwithafinalcritiqueinpreparationforthestudent’sSportPilotPracticalTestStandardscheckride.Theinstructorwillactasifheisanexaminerandevaluatethestudent’sperformanceagainstthePTS.Intheeventaweaknessisspotted,lessons17,18,and/or19mayberepeated.NOTE:Thislessonplanmaybeexecutedduringlesson17.References:FAASportPilotPracticalTestStandardsAllpreviouslessonmaterial.Content:
1. InstructorconductsmockcheckrideusingLSPTS.2. Instructorevaluatesstudentreadinessandrecommendsstudentforcheck
rideorreview.
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudentdemonstrateshecanperformallmaneuverswithinthecriteriaspecifiedintheSportPilotPracticalTestStandards;
(2) andtheInstructorrecommendsthestudentforendorsementfortheSportPilotPTS.
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LSA-A Ground School Training Flow TheLSA-AGroundSchoolTrainingFlowconsistsofthoseacademiclessonsnecessarytogivetheSportPilotthenecessaryknowledgehe/sheneedstoflyandpasstheSportPilotKnowledgeTest.TheGroundSchoollessonsarebasedonthoseusedbytheGleimSportPilotkit,thoughsomehavebeentailoredtomeetourdesires.AlllessonswillalsodetailwheretheequivalentmaterialmaybefoundinFAApublications.TheLSA-AGroundSchoolconsistsof16lessons,eachabouttwohourslong.Theyare:GroundLesson1:LightSportPilot,Airplane,andPearlandAirportBasicsGroundLesson2:AirplanesandAerodynamicsGroundLesson3:AirplaneInstrumentsGroundLesson4:AirplaneEnginesandSystemsGroundLesson5:AirplanePerformanceandWeightandBalanceGroundLesson6:AirportsGroundLesson7:AirspaceGroundLesson8:FAR’sPart1through71GroundLesson9:FAR’sPart91.3thru91.131GroundLesson10:FAR’s91.151thru91.417,NTSB830GroundLesson11:ChartsandAirspaceGroundLesson12:AviationWeatherGroundLesson13:WeatherServicesGroundLesson14:NavigationandPreflightPreparationGroundLesson15:AeromedicalFactorsandAeronauticalDecisionMakingGroundLesson16:KnowledgeTestPrep
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 1: Sport Pilot, Airplane, and Pearland Airport Basics Objectives:ThislessonisintendedtoinformthestudentpilotabouttheprivilegesandrestrictionsofbeingaSportPilotandwhatFAAtrainingrequirementsarenecessarytomeettobecomeaSportPilot.Thestudentisalsointroducedtothebasicaerodynamicsbehindflight,thebasiccomponentsofanaircraft(usingtheFlightDesignCTSWasanexample)andthetypesofairports.ThestudentisalsointroducedtospecificsconcerningoperationsoutofKLVJ,includingrunwayandtaxiwaymarkings.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapters1thru3,7
FederalAviationRegulations,Part21,23,61,91
ThePilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter2,AircraftStructure;Chapter3,PrinciplesofFlight;Chapter5,FlightControls;Chapter13,AirportOperations(p13-1thru11);Chapter14,Airspace(p14-1thru3)
Gleim“SportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest”:Introduction,StudyUnit1,StudyUnit2
GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit1pp25-47;StudyUnit3Sec3.1-3.5,3.9-3.13,3.26-3.31)
Content:1. WhatareSportPilots?
a. DefinitionofaLightSportAircrafti. LSAairplanes
1. LandandSeaa. Specialb. Standardcategorythatfitsc. Experimental
ii. Ultralights1. Trikes2. Weight-shift
iii. Glidersb. BriefHistoryofLSA’sc. Requirementsforowning/operatinganLSAd. AdvantagestotrainingforSportPilote. DisadvantagesandrestrictionsonSportPilotprivilegesf. FAARequirementstobecomeaSportPilot
2. Howdowefly?a. Bernoulli’sprincipleb. Airfoilsandhowtheyworkc. Controlsurfaces(ailerons,rudders,stabilator/elevator,flaps,slats)d. Basicdefinitions
i. Camber,chordline,aspectratioii. Angleofattack,relativewind
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iii. Lift,drag,weight,thrust3. BasicAirplaneComponents
a. Fuselagei. Structuraltypes
1. Tubeandfabric2. Metal:semi-monoque3. Metal:monoque4. Composite
b. Wingsi. Low,mid,highii. Cantilevered,non-cantileverediii. Flaps
1. CTSWhasslottedflaps2. CTSW“nominal”flapsettingis-6degrees
iv. Ailerons1. CTSW’sfollowflapsforbettercontrol
c. Verticaltaili. Cantedandnon-cantedii. Rudder
d. Horizontaltaili. Elevatorii. Stabilator
e. Enginei. Reciprocating,turbineii. Cooling(airand/orliquid)
1. CTSWusesbothiii. Carburetedvsfuelinjected
1. CTSWhasdual,automaticmixtureadjustingcarburetors
iv. Magnetosvselectronicignition1. CTSWhaselectronicignition
4. Whatisanairport?a. ControlledandNon-Towered
i. Ellington,Hobby,andGalvestonareControlledAirports(theyhaveatower—ClassDorB)
1. Musthavepermissionfromairtrafficcontrollersintowertoland
ii. KLVJisa“non-towered”oruncontrolledairport1. Nopermissionrequired2. Pilotsperformtrafficsequencing
iii. Trafficpattern1. Altitudeis1044ftMSL(1000ftAGL)2. Standardlefthand3. Crosswind,downwind,base,final
b. KLVJspecificsi. Runwaydetails
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1. Runwaysigns2. Runwaymarkings
ii. Taxiwaydetails1. Taxiwaysigns2. Taxiwaymarkings
iii. WeatherServices1. ASOS
iv. Communications1. CTAF-122.8002. Unicom-122.800
v. AirspaceRestrictions1. HobbyClassB
a. 8nmnorthb. 2000feetandabove
2. EllingtonClassDa. 3nmeast
vi. FuelServices1. 100LL2. JetA
vii. OperationalSpecifics1. BannerTow2. Helicopters
a. Apexb. LifeFlight
3. Pipeline/PowerlinePatrol4. Ellingtoncrosstraffic
a. IFRapproachesaboveb. Northernrunwayapproachessouth
5. PollyRanch
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudentspassawrittenexamonthelessoncontentwithascoreof70%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 2: Airplanes and Aerodynamics Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sknowledgeofairplanes,aerodynamics,andaircraftstability.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter2and15Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter3,PrinciplesofFlight;Chapter4,AerodynamicsofFlight;Chapter5,FlightControlsGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit1,AirplanesandAerodynamicsGleimSportPilotFAAKnowldegeTest,StudyUnit11,AirplanesandAerodynamics(7pages)Content:StudymaterialfromGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit1:
1.1 Definitions1.2 TheAirplane1.3 AxesofRotation1.4 FlightControlsandControlSurfaces1.5 ForcesActingonanAirplaneinFlight1.6 DynamicsoftheAirplaneinFlight1.7 GroundEffect1.8 HowAirplanesTurn1.9 Torque(leftturningtendency)1.10 AirplaneStability1.11 LoadsandLoadFactors1.12 StallsandSpins
QuestionsfromGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest:
11.1 FlapsandRudder11.2 AerodynamicForces11.3 AngleofAttack11.4 FundamentalsofFlight11.5 StallsandSpins11.6 Frost11.7 GroundEffect11.8 AirplaneTurn11.9 AirplaneStability11.10 TorqueandP-Factor11.11 LoadFactor
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CompletionStandardsThisclassisconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthaspassedthequestionbank(Gleim11.1thru11.11)withagradeof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 3: Airplane Instruments Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sunderstandingofaircraftinstrumentsandhowtheywork.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter5,FlightInstrumentsPilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter7,FlightInstruments;GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit2,AirplaneInstruments,Engines,andSystems(23pages)
GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit12,AirplaneInstruments(4pages)
Content:StudymaterialfromtheGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit2:
2.1 Pitot-StaticSystem2.2 Altimeter2.3 VerticalSpeedIndicator2.4 AirspeedIndicator2.5 GyroscopicFlightInstruments2.6 TurnCooridnator2.7 Turn-and-SlipIndicator2.8 AttitudeIndicator2.9 HeadingIndicator2.10 MagneticCompass2.11 CompassErrors
QuestionsfromtheGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest:
12.1 MagneticCompass12.2 Pitot-StaticSystem12.3 AirspeedIndicator12.4 Altimeter12.5 TypesofAltitude12.6 SettingtheAltimeter12.7 AltimeterErrors12.8 GyroscopicElements
CompletionStandardsThisclassisconsideredcompletewhenallthematerialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthaspassedthequestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim12.1thru12.8)withascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 4: Airplane Engines and Systems Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sunderstandingofairplaneenginesandsystems.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapters3-5Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter6,AircraftSystemsGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit2,AirplaneInstruments,Engines,andSystems(39pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit13,AirplaneEnginesandSystems(3pages)Content:StudymaterialfromGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit2
2.12 GlassCockpitInstrumentation2.13 AirplaneEngines2.14 HowanEngineOperates2.15 IgnitionSystem(expandedtoincludetheCTSW’sCDIsystem)2.16 InductionSystem2.17 FuelSystem2.18 OilSystem2.19 CoolingSystem(expandedtoincludeCTSWair/liquidsystem)2.20 Propellers2.21 FullAuthorityDigitalEngineControl(FADEC)2.22 ElectricalSystem2.23 LandingGearSystem2.24 EnvironmentalSystem2.25 DeiceandAnti-IceSystems
QuestionsfromtheGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit13:
13.1 ElectricalSystems13.2 EngineTemperature13.3 EngineIgnitionSystems13.4 CarburetorIcing13.5 CarburetorHeat13.6 Fuel/AirMixture13.7 AbnormalCombustion13.8 AviationFuelPractices13.9 MiscellaneousAirspeedQuestions13.10 TaxiingTechnique13.11 StartingtheEngine
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CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudentshasansweredthequestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim13.1thru13.11)andpassedwithascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 5: Airplane Performance and Weight and Balance Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sunderstandingofaircraftperformanceandthefactorsthatplayintoitandhowweightandbalanceaffectsaircraftperformanceandcontrol.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapters14and15Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter11,AircraftPerformance;Chapter9,WeightandBalanceGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit5,AirplanePerformanceandWeightandBalance(30pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit14,AirplanePerformanceandWeightandBalance(7pages)Content:StudyMaterialfromtheGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit5:5.1 DeterminantsofAirplanePerformance5.2 StandardAtmosphere5.3 PressureAltitude5.4 DensityAltitude5.5 TakeoffPerformance5.6 ClimbPerformance5.7 CruiseandRangePerformance5.8 GlidePerformance5.9 CrosswindPerformance5.10 LandingPerformance5.11 WeightandBalanceOverview5.12 WeightandBalanceTerms5.13 BasicPrinciplesofWeightandBalance5.14 MethodsofDeterminingWeightandBalance5.15 CenterofGravityCalculations5.16 CenterofGravityCharts5.17 CenterofGravityTables5.18 WeightChangeandWeightShiftCalculationsQuestionsfromtheGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTestStudyUnit14:
14.1 DensityAltitudeComputations14.2 TakeoffDistance14.3 ClimbPerformanceandThrust14.4 RangeandEndurance14.5 CruisePowerSettings
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14.6 CrosswindComponents14.7 GlideSpeed14.8 LandingDistance14.9 WeightandBalanceDefinitions14.10 CenterofGravityGraphs14.11 CenterofGravityTables
CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudentshavetackledthequestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim14.1thru14.11)andpassedwithascoreof80%orabove.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 6: Airports Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sknowledgeofairports,waketurbulenceandcollisionavoidance,andradiocommunicationsproceduresandphraseology.References:RodMachado’sSportPilothandbook:Chapters7and8Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter13,AirportOperationsGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnits3,Airports,ATC,andAirspace(42pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit1,Airports(7pages)Content:StudymaterialfromGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit3:
3.1 RunwayandTaxiwayMarkings3.2 AirportLighting3.3 VisualGlideslopeIndicators3.4 WindandLandingDirectionIndicatorsandSegmentedCircles3.5 AirportTrafficPatterns3.7WakeTurbulence3.8CollisionAvoidance3.14GroundControl
QuestionsfromGleimSportPilotHandbook,StudyUnit3:1.1 RunwayMarkings1.2 AirportBeacons1.3 AirportTrafficPatterns1.4 VisualApproachSlopeIndicators(VASI)1.5 WakeTurbulence1.6 CollisionAvoidance1.7 GroundControlCompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompleteafterallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredthequestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim1.1thru1.7)andscored80%orhigher.
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LSA-A Ground School Ground Lesson 7: Airspace Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sknowledgeofthedifferentcategoriesofairspace,therequirementstoflywithin,andtechniquesusedwhenoperatingineach.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapters7thru9Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter14,AirspaceGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit3,Airports,AirTrafficControl,andAirspace(23pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit2Content:StudymaterialfromtheGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit3:
3.9 RadioCommunicationsandPhraseology3.10 AirportswithoutanOperatingControlTower3.11 AutomatedWeatherReportingSystems3.12 AirportswithanOperatingControlTower3.13 AutomaticTerminalInformationService(ATIS)3.18 Emergencies3.19 RadioFailureProcedures3.20 EmergencyLocatorTransmitter(ELT)3.22 TransponderOperation3.24 GeneralDimensionsofAirspace3.25 ControlledandUncontrolledAirspace3.27 ClassBAirspace3.28 ClassCAirspace3.29 ClassDAirspace3.30 ClassEAirspace3.31 ClassGAirspace3.32 SpecialUseAirspace3.33 OtherAirspaceAreas
QuestionsfromtheGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit2:
2.1 AirspaceOverview2.2 ClassDAirspace2.3 ClassCAirspace2.4 TransponderCodes2.5 RadioPhraseology2.6 ATCTrafficAdvisories2.7 ATCLightSignals2.8 EmergencyLocatorTransmitters
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CompletionStandards:Thislessoniscompletedwhenallmaterialispresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(2.1thru2.8)andpassedwithascoreof80%orgreater.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 8: FAR Parts 1 through 71 Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sknowledgeoftheFederalAviationRegulations.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter6FederalAviationRegulationsPart1through71GleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit4,FederalAviationRegulations(36pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit3,FARParts1thru71(5pages)Content:StudymaterialfromtheGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit4:4.1 FederalAviationRegulations4.2 Part1–DefinitionsandAbbreviations4.3Part21-CertificationProceduresforProductsandParts4.4 Part39–AirworthinessDirectives4.5 Part43–Maintenance,PreventiveMaintenance,Rebuilding,andAlteration4.6 Part61-Certification:Pilots,FlightInstructors,andGroundInstructorsQuestionsfromGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit3:3.1 FARPart13.2 FARPart213.3 FARPart393.4 FARPart433.5 FARPart613.6 FARPart71CompletionStandards:Thislessonwillbeconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim3.1thru3.6)andpassedwithascoreof80%orhigher.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 9: FAR Parts 91.3 thru 91.131 Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sunderstandingofFederalAviationRegulations.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter6FederalAviationRegulationsPart91GleimSportPilotHandbook,StudyUnit4,FederalAviationRegulations(8pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit4,FARPart91.3thru91.131(4pages)Content:StudymaterialfromGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit44.8 Part91–GeneralOperatingandFlightRules(91.3thru91.131)StudymaterialfromGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit44.1 FARPart91.34.2 FARPart91.7thru91.94.3 FARPart91.15thru91.1074.4 FARPart91.111thru91.1214.5 FARPart91.123thru91.131CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompleteonceallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthassuccessfullyansweredthequestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim4.1thru4.5)withascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 10: FAR Parts 91.151 thru 91.417, NTSB 830, and Sport Pilot Twists Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sunderstandingoftheFederalAviationRegulations.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter6FARPart91,GeneralOperatingandFlightRules49CFR830,NotificationandReportingofAircraftAccidentsorIncidentsandOverdueAircraft,andPreservationofAircraftWreckage,Mail,Cargo,andRecordsGleimSportPilotHandbook,StudyUnit4,FederalAviationRegulations(24pages)
GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit5,FARParts91.151thru91.417andNTSB830(4pages)
Content:StudymaterialforGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit4:4.8 GeneralOperatingandFlightRules(91.151–91.417)4.9 NTSB830–NotificationandReportingofAircraftAccidentsofIncidentsand
OverdueAircraft,andPreservationofAircraftWreckage,Mail,Cargo,andRecords
4.10 SummaryofCurrentFARNumbers
StudymaterialfromGleimSportPilotKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit4:5.1 FAR91.151thru91.1595.2 FAR91.203thru91.3195.3 FAR91.403thru91.4175.4 NTSB830CompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletedwhenallmaterialispresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(5.1–5.4)withascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 11: Charts and Airspace Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sabilitytointerpretandusesectionalandterminalareachartstoidentifyairspace,altitudes,identifyinglandmarks,radiofrequencies,andlinesoflatitudeandlongitude.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter10Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter15,NavigationGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit9,Navigation:Charts,Publications,andFlightComputers(14pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit9,SectionalChartsandAirspace(5pages)Content:StudymaterialforGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit9,Charts:9.1 VFRNavigationalCharts9.2 LongitudeandLatitude9.3 SectionalChartSymbology9.4 TerminalChartDifferences(notinGleim,extramaterial)StudymaterialforGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit9:9.1 AirspaceandAltitudes9.2 IdentifyingLandmarks9.3 RadioFrequencies9.4 LongitudeandlatitudeCompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim9.1thru9.4)withascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 12: Aviation Weather Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sunderstandingofthefundamentalsofweather.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter11-UnderstandingWeatherAviationWeatherGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit7,AviationWeather(27pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit7,AviationWeather(5pages)Content:StudymaterialfromtheGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit7:7.1 TheEarth’sAtmosphere7.2 Temperature7.3 AtmosphericPressure7.4 Wind7.5 Moisture,CloudFormation,andPrecipitation7.6 StableandUnstableAir7.7 Clouds7.8 AirMassesandFronts7.9 Turbulence7.10 Icing7.11 Thunderstorms7.12 FogStudymaterialfromGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit7:7.1 CausesofWeather7.2 ConvectiveCurrents7.3 Fronts7.4 Thunderstorms7.5 Icing7.6 MountainWave7.7 WindShear7.8 Temperature/DewPointandFog7.9 Clouds7.10 StabilityofAirMasses7.11 TemperatureInversionsCompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletedwhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim7.1thru7.11)withascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 13: Aviation Weather Services Objectives:Todevelopthestudents’understandingoftheaviationweatherservicesavailabletohim/herforpreflightplanningandin-flightusage.Thisincludeshis/herabilitytointerpretweathercharts,reports,andbriefings.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter12,WeatherCharts&Briefings:PIREPS,Progs&METARSPilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter12,AviationWeatherServicesGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit8,AviationWeatherServices(44pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit8,WeatherServices(9pages)Content:StudymaterialfromGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit8:8.1 FlightServiceStation(FSS)8.2 AviationRoutineWeatherReport(METAR)8.3 PilotWeatherReport(PIREP)8.4 TerminalAerodromeForecast(TAF)8.5 AviationAreaForecast(FA)8.6 In-FlightAviationWeatherAdvisories8.7 WindsandTemperaturesAloftForecast8.8 SurfaceAnalysisChart8.9 WeatherDepictionChart8.10 RadarSummaryChart8.11 ShortRangeSurfacePrognosticChart(PROG)8.12 Low-LevelSignificantWeatherChart(SIGWX)8.13 DUATS8.14 AviationWeatherResourcesontheInternetStudymaterialfromGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit8:8.1 WeatherBriefings8.2 AviationWeatherRoutineWeatherReport(METAR)8.3 SIGMETsandAIRMETs8.4 PilotWeatherReport(PIREP)8.5 AviationAreaForecast8.6 TerminalAerodromeForecast8.7 WeatherDepictionCharts8.8 RadarSummaryChartsandRadarWeatherReports8.9 En-RouteFlightAdvisoryService(EFAS)8.10 WindsandTemperaturesAloftForecasts(FB)8.11 TranscribedWeatherBroadcasts
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CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim8.1through8.11)whileattainingascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 14: Navigation and Preflight Preparation Objectives:Todevelopastudent’sabilitytousenavigationalcharts,publications,andaflightcomputertoproperlyplanaVFRdaycross-countryflight.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter13Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter15,NavigationGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit9,Navigation:Charts,Publications,FlightComputers(38pages)andStudyUnit11,Cross-CountryFlightPlanning(16pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit10,NavigationandPreflightPreparation(11pages)Content:StudymaterialfromGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit9:9.4 FAAAdvisoryCirculars(AC)9.5 AeronauticalInformationManual(AIM)9.6 Airport/FacilityDirectory(A/FD)9.7 NoticetoAirmanSystem(NOTAM)9.8 FlightComputers9.9 TheGleimFlightComputer(E6B)9.10 TheCalculatorSideoftheFlightComputer9.11 ConversionofNauticalMilestoStatueMilesandViceVersa9.12 Speed,Distance,andTimeCalculations9.13 FuelComputations9.14 TrueAirspeedandDensityAltitude9.15 Corrected(ApproximatelyTrue)Altitude9.16 Off-coursecorrection9.17 RadiusofAction9.18 OtherConversions9.19 TemperatureConversions9.20 TheWindSideoftheGleim(E6B)FlightComputer9.21 DeterminingMagneticHeadingandGroundspeed9.22 DeterminingWindDirectionandSpeed9.23 DeterminingAltitudeforMostFavorableWinds9.24 Alternative:E6BComputerApproachtoMagneticHeading9.25 InformationSideofSlidingCard(GleimE6B)9.26 ElectronicFlightComputers9.27 ASACX-29.28 Sporty’sE6BStudymaterialfromtheGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit11:11.1 PreflightPreparation
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11.2 VFRFlightPlan11.3 WeightandBalance11.4 Navigation11.5 DiversiontoanAlternateAirport11.6 LostProceduresStudymaterialfromGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit10:10.1 DensityAltitude10.2 PreflightPreparation10.3 WeightandBalance10.4 Navigation10.5 DeterminingWindSpeedandDirection10.6 VFRFlightPlan10.7 PreflightInspection10.8 FAAAdvisoryCirculars10.9 Airport/FacilityDirectoryCompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim10.1through10.9)andachievedascoreof80%orbetter.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 15: Aeromedical Factors and Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sunderstandingofthemedicalfactorsrelatedtoflightandtheaeronauticaldecisionmakingprocess.References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapter16Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter16,AeromedicalFactors;Chapter17,AeronauticalDecision-MakingGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit6,AeromedicalFactorsandAeronauticalDecisionMaking(ADM)(34pages)GleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest,StudyUnit6,AeromedicalFactorsandAeronauticalDecisionMaking(ADM)(5pages)Content:StudymaterialfromtheGleimPilotHandbook,StudyUnit6:6.1 FitnessforFlight6.2 Hypoxia6.3 Dehydration6.4 Hyperventilation6.5 CarbonMonoxidePoisoning6.6 DecompressionSicknessafterScubaDiving6.7 MotionSickness6.8 SinusandEarBlock6.9 SpatialDisorientation6.10 IllusionsinFlight6.11 Vision6.12 AeronauticalDecisionMaking(ADM)6.13 Weather-relatedDecisionMaking6.14 StressandFlying6.15 IdentifyingtheEnemy6.16 CockpitResourceManagement(CRM)StudymaterialfromGleimSportPilotFAAKnowledgeTest:6.1 Hypoxia6.2 Hyperventilation6.3 Alcohol6.4 SpatialDisorientation6.5 Dehydration6.6 Vision6.7 CarbonMonoxide6.8 AeronauticalDecisionMaking(ADM)
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6.9 EarBlockCompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsinthequestionbank(Gleim6.1through6.9)andachievedascoreof80%orhigher.
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LSA-A Ground School Lesson 16: Knowledge Test Prep Objectives:Toevaluatethestudent’sunderstandingoftheinformationnecessarytopasstheSportPilotKnowledgeExam.References:GleimSportPilotSyllabus,EndofCourseKnowledgeTestFAASportPilotKnowledgeTestQuestionBankContent:Duringthislesson,thestudentswilltaketheGleimSyllabus“EndofCourseKnowledgeTest”.Thetestwillbegradedinclassandanymissedquestionsdiscussed.Atthediscretionoftheinstructor,theinstructormayalsogiveasecondtestbasedontheFAA’sSportPilotKnowledgeTestQuestionbank.Again,thistestwillalsobegradedinclassandanymissedquestionsdiscussed.CompletionStandards:Thislessonwillbeconsideredcompletewhenallmaterialhasbeenpresentedandthestudenthasansweredallquestionsposedandpassedwithascoreof80%orhigher.StudentsreachingthatmarkwillbesignedofftotaketheFAA’sSportPilotKnowledgeTest,ifrequired.
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LSA-A Integrated Training Flow TheLSA-AIntegratedTrainingFlowcombinesthelessonsintheLSA-AFlightTrainingFlowandtheGroundLessonTrainingflowtoprovideamorecomprehensiveapproachtoobtainingtheLightSportPilotrating.Itisintendedfornewpilotswhowishtohaveinstructor-ledlessonsforbothgroundandflighttrainingtoprovideamoreintegratedapproachtotraining.Thelessonflowisasfollows:
GroundLesson1:LightSportPilot,Airplane,andPearlandAirportBasicsFlightLesson1:IntroductiontoFlightGroundLesson2:AirplanesandAerodynamicsFlightLesson2:FundamentalsofFlightGroundLesson3:AirplaneInstrumentsFlightLesson3:SlowFlight,Stalls,andSpinsGroundLesson4:AirplaneEnginesandSystemsFlightLesson4:SteepTurnsandGroundReferenceManeuversGroundLesson5:AirplanePerformanceandWeightandBalanceFlightLesson5:IntroductiontoLandings,Slips,andGoAroundsGroundLesson6:AirportsFlightLesson6:EmergencyOperationsGroundLesson7:AirspaceFlightLesson7:ReviewGroundLesson8:FAR’sPart1through71FlightLesson8:ProficiencyLesson#1/Pre-SoloPracticeGroundLesson9:FAR’sPart91.3thru91.131FlightLesson9:ProficiencyLesson#2/SoloGroundLesson10:FAR’s91.151thru91.417,NTSB830FlightLesson10:ShortandSoft-FieldTakeoffsandLandingsGroundLesson11:ChartsandAirspaceFlightLesson11:SecondSupervisedSoloGroundLesson12:AviationWeatherGroundLesson13:WeatherServicesGroundLesson14:NavigationandPreflightPreparationFlightLesson12:DualCross-CountryGroundLesson15:AeromedicalFactorsandAeronauticalDecisionMakingFlightLesson13:IntroductiontoAircraftControlbyInstrumentsFlightLesson14:SoloCrossCountryFlightLesson15:ManeuversReview/PTSPrep#1GroundLesson16:KnowledgeTestPrepFlightLesson16:StudentSoloPractice/PTSPrepFlightLesson17:ManeuverReview/PTSPrep#2FlightLesson18:SoloPractice#2/PTSPrep(Optional)FlightLesson19:FinalPTSCheck(Optional)
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Sport Pilot Transition Training Flow ThistrainingflowensuresthatratedpilotstransitioningtoSportPilotaircraftandoperationsunderstandSportPilotoperationsandcansafelyflyaLightSportaircraft.Whileallflightphasesarevisited,emphasisisplacedonapproachandlandingoperationssincethisistheareawheremostLightSportaccidentsinvolvingratedpilotsoccur.Flighttimeandnumberoflandingsaredesignedtomeetorexceedaverage(Avemco)insurancerequirementsforsolocertificatedpilotLightSportoperation.(10landingstoafullstop;5hrs.ofdualflighttime).
Thistrainingflowconsistsofthefollowinglessons:
LSA-AGroundSchoolLesson1:LightSportPilot,Airplanes,andPearlandAirportOperations(SeePageXX)
TransitionFlightLesson1:Basicairplaneoperations
TransitionFlightLesson2:Landings,Go-Arounds,andSlips
TransitionFlightLesson3:EmergencyOperations
TransitionFlightLesson4:Cross-CountryOperations
TransitionFlightLesson5:TransitionCheck
Theestimatedflighttimeneededtocompletethislessonis8.5hrs.Theactualtimedependsonstudentabilitybutwillbenolessthan5hrs.totalinanycase.
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Transition Flight Lesson 1: Basic Light Sport Airplane Operations (1.7 hrs) Objective:Tointroducethestudenttobasicairplaneoperationandcontrols,refreshhisuseofchecklistsandcockpitdiscipline,familiarizehimwiththelocalarea(includingthepracticearea)andtheairport,andfamiliarizehimwithapproachandlandingoperations.(ThislessonassumesthisisthefirstflightintheCTSWforthepilot.IfthepilothasflownanIntroflight,atthediscretionoftheinstructor,theymayflyTransitionFlightLesson1Avicethisone.PilotswithpreviousCTSWPICtimemaygodirectlytoTransitionFlightLesson5.)
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapters1and3AirplaneFlyingHandbook,“FlightSafetyPractices,p1-4thru1-7;VisualInspectionp2-1thru2-6;GroundOperationsp2-7thru2-12Pilot’sOperatingHandbook
Content:1. Preflightingtheairplane(New)
a. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughapreflightusingthechecklistb. Instructordiscussesweightandbalanceandperformancedataon
board.2. Start-Up(New)
a. Instructordiscusesproperentry,cockpitset-up,andstartsequence(includingsystems)
b. LightSportwarningc. InstructorreviewsseatbeltandharnessusageandBRSdiscipline
3. Taxi(New)a. Instructoremphasizes:
i. Off-nominalviewpointii. Properpositioningofcontrolsiii. Turningradiusiv. Hazardsoftaxiingwithdooropen
4. BeforeTakeoff(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentthrough:
i. Properenginewarm-up,run-up,andcheckoutii. Aircraftandavionicsoperationandset-upiii. BRSdisciplineIfequipped)iv. Properlookout/visualcheckdownfinalv. Useofradios/callsigns
5. Takeoff(New)a. Studentperformsnoflaptakeoff
6. Climb(New)a. Instructortalksstudentthroughclimbandflapmanagement.
7. Level-Off(New)
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a. Instructortalksstudentthroughlevel-off/Studentperformsandsetsupcruiseconfiguration.
i. Settingpower/100LLlimitationsb. Instructordiscusseslookout/SA(includesairspaceandairport
awareness)c. Instructorpointsairplanetowardpracticearea;studenttakes
airplaneinlevelflightatcruiseatorabove1500feetbutbelow2000.8. Basicflightcontrolsandtrim(New)
a. Instructorcoachesstudentthrough:i. Shallowbankturns(10-20degrees)ii. Onceinpracticeareaandafterclearingturns,student
performs30and45degreebankedturns.Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
iii. Instructordiscussestrim(3axis).b. Descents
i. Instructorasksstudenttodescendatcruisespeedat500fpmfor500feet
c. Climbsi. Instructordemonstratestakeoffclimbsusing0and-6degreesflap.
ii. Studentperformstakeoffclimbsat0and-6degreeflaps9. SlowFlightandStalls(Atorabove1500feetAGL)(New)
a. Instructordemonstratesputtingaircraftinslowflightconfigurationi. Notescross-controlisnormalii. Demonstratesanddiscussesperformingshallowturns
b. Studentperformsslowflight/Instructorcoachesasnecessary.c. Studenttransitionsbacktocruiseflight.d. Repeatasdesired.e. TakeoffStalls(noflaps)
i. Instructortalksstudentthroughset-up/studentexecutesii. Repeatasdesired
f. LandingStalls(Fullflaps)i. Instructortalksstudentthroughsetup/studentexecutesii. Repeatinaturn.
g. ApproachandLandingDemoi. Studentslowsaircrafttodownwindspeedanddemonstratesabilitytomaintainaltitudeandairspeed.
ii. Studentslowsaircraft,ifnecessary,todroptofullflaps;maintainsairspeed,levelflightandperformsshallowturns.
iii. Studentreducespowerandfliesasimulatedapproach.iv. WaveoffNLT600feetAGL.v. Repeatbutcallforago-aroundandclimb300feet.
10. Returntohomebase(New)a. StudentfliesaircraftbacktoKLVJ/Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
11. Pattern,Approach,andLanding(New)a. Studentsfliespattern.
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b. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughfirstlandingapproachwithnoflaps/touchandgoorfullstopandtaxiback
c. Studentperformsintermediateflapsettingtakeoffandapproachtoafullstoplanding.
d. Repeatorhavestudentperformafullflaplanding.e. Repeatasdesired.
12. RolloutandTaxiback(New)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
13. Shutdown(New)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
14. Post-Shutdown(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughsecuringtheaircraft
15. Debriefa. CollaborativeAssessmentb. Studentfeedback
CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudenthasdemonstratedabasicproficiencywhenoperatingtheaircraft,i.e.,altitudewithin200feet,airspeedwithinplusandminus10knotsintheairandplus10andminus5duringtheapproach;
(2) andthestudentisabletolandtheaircraftwithcoachingbutno“handson”assistance.Landingsrequiringinstructortakeoverwillnotbecountedtowardanylandingrequirements.
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Transition Flight Lesson 1A: Basic Operations (1.2 hrs) (Pilots who have flown a previous Intro flight may use this lesson vice TFL 1.) Objective:Torefreshthestudenttothebasicaircraftoperationandcontrols,refreshhisuseofchecklistsandcockpitdiscipline,familiarizehimwiththelocalarea(includingthepracticearea)andtheairport,andfamiliarizehimwithapproachandlandingoperations.
References:RodMachado’sSportPilotHandbook:Chapters1and3AirplaneFlyingHandbook,“FlightSafetyPractices,p1-4thru1-7;VisualInspectionp2-1thru2-6;GroundOperationsp2-7thru2-12Pilot’sOperatingHandbook
Content:16. Preflightingtheairplane(New)
a. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughapreflightusingthechecklistb. Instructordiscussesweightandbalanceandperformancedataon
board.17. Start-Up(New)
a. Instructordiscusesproperentry,cockpitset-up,andstartsequence(includingsystems)
b. LightSportwarningc. InstructorreviewsseatbeltandharnessusageandBRSdiscipline
18. Taxi(New)a. Instructoremphasizes:
i. Off-nominalviewpointii. Properpositioningofcontrolsiii. Turningradiusiv. Hazardsoftaxiingwithdooropen
19. BeforeTakeoff(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentthrough:
i. Properenginewarm-up,run-up,andcheckoutii. Aircraftandavionicsoperationandset-upiii. BRSdiscipline(ifequipped)iv. Properlookout/visualcheckdownfinalv. Useofradios/callsigns
20. Takeoff(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughnoflaptakeoff.
21. Climb(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughclimbandflapmanagementas
required22. Level-Off(New)
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a. Instructorcoachesstudentasnecessarytogetairplanethroughlevel-offandcruiseconfiguration.
b. Instructordiscusseslookout/SA(includesairspaceandairportawareness)
c. Instructorpointsairplanetowardpracticearea;studenttakesairplaneinlevelflightatcruiseatorabove1500feetbutbelow2000.
23. SlowFlightandStalls(Atorabove1500feetAGL)(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentintofullflap,slowflightconfigurationat
45knots.b. Studentperformsslowflight.c. Studenttransitionsbacktocruiseflight.d. Repeatwithruddertrimforcruise/returntocruisingflight.e. TakeoffStalls(noflaps)
i. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughpoweronstraightaheadstall.
ii. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughpoweronstallinaturn.f. LandingStalls(fullflaps)
i. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughpoweroffstallstraightahead.
ii. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughpoweroffstallinaturn.iii. Repeatifdesired.
24. Returntohomebase(New)a. StudentfliesaircraftbacktoKLVJ/Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
25. Pattern,Approach,andLanding(New)a. Studentsfliespattern.b. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughfirstlandingapproachatnoflaps;
fullstopandtaxibackc. Studentperformsintermediateflaptakeoff(ifappropriate)and
approachtofullstoplanding.d. Repeatorhavestudentperformafullflaplanding.e. Repeatasdesired.
26. RolloutandTaxiback(New)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
27. Shutdown(New)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoachesasnecessary.
28. Post-Shutdown(New)a. Instructorcoachesstudentthroughsecuringtheaircraft
29. Debriefa. CollaborativeAssessmentb. Studentfeedback
CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(3) thestudenthasdemonstratedabasicproficiencywhenoperatingtheaircraft,i.e.,altitudewithin200feet,airspeedwithinplusandminus10knotsintheairandplus10andminus5duringtheapproach;
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(4) andthestudentisabletolandtheaircraftwithcoachingbutno“handson”assistance.
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Transition Flight Lesson 2: Landings, Go Arounds, and Slips (1.8 hrs.)Objectives:Todevelopthestudent’sabilitytolandtheaircraftsafelyusingdifferenttechniquesandaircraftconfigurationsaswellashisabilitytoexecuteagoaroundorperformslipstoalanding.References:AirplaneFlyingHandbook,Chapter8,ApproachesandLandings,p8-1thru8-17(stopbeforeShortFieldApproachandLanding);FaultyApproachesandLandings,p.8-27thru8-35
Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,TakeoffandLandingPerformance,p.10-11thru10-17(stopbeforePerformanceSpeeds);LandingCharts,p10-25,26;AirportLighting,p13-6thru13-9;WindDirectionIndicatorsandTrafficPatterns,p13-10thru13-11;WakeTurbulencep13-15thru13-17;RunwayIncursionAvoidance,p13-18
Pilot’sOperatingHandbook
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,andTakeoff
a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiquesb. Studentperformstakeoffofchoice.
2. NormalLanding(0degreesflaps)a. Studentperformsfullstop.Taxi-back.b. Studentperforms0degreeflaptakeoff.
3. Performnormallanding(intermediateflapsetting).a. Studentperformsfullstop.Taxi-back.b. Reconfigurefortakeoff.(Setflaps,trim.)c. Studenttakesusaroundthepattern.
4. Performnormalfullflaplanding/fullstop.a. Taxi-back.b. Studenttakesusaroundthepattern.Studentchoicelanding.
5. Performfullflaplanding.(New)a. Studentperformsfullstopfullflaplanding.b. Repeatasdesired.
6. GoAround(New)a. At300feetAGL,Instructorcallsforgoaround(anylanding).
i. Reconfigureflapsasnecessary.ii. Executenormalclimb-out.iii. Checkforobstacleclearance/sidestep.
7. SlipstoaLanding.(New)a. Instructorsetsupademonstrationofaslipwith15degrees
flaps/performslanding/touchandgob. Studentperformsslipwith15degreesflaps/performslandingtoafull
stop.c. Repeatorgoto30degreeflap,slip/landing
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d. Repeatorgoto40degreeflap,sliptoalanding/Taxiback8. ShortFieldTechniques(New)
a. Instructordemosshortfieldtakeoffandlanding/taxibackb. Studentperformsshortfieldtakeoffandlanding/taxibackc. Repeatasdesired.
9. SoftFieldTechniques(New)a. Instructordemossoftfieldtakeoffandlandingb. Studentperformssoftfieldtakeoffandlandingc. Repeatasdesired.
10. Iftimeremains,pickatakeoff/landingandhavestudentperform11. AfterTaxi,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)
a. Studentperforms/instructorcritiques12. Debrief
a. Critique/discussb. EmergencyOperationsarenext
CompletionStandards:Thislessonisconsideredcompletedwhen:
(1) thestudentcansuccessfullyexecutelandingsusing0,15,30,and40degreeflaplandings;
(2) useshortfieldandsoftfieldtechniquesfortakeoffandlanding;(3) thestudenthasbeenfamiliarizedwithbothforwardandside-slips;(4) and when the student has successfully executed go-arounds using several
flapsettings.Approachairspeedcontrolneedstobewithin+10and-5knots. Landingmustbewithin400feetofaselectedpoint.
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Transition Flight Lesson 3: Emergency Operations (1.5 hrs.) Objectives:Toensure the student can successfullyexecuteemergencyoperationsthatmightbenecessarywhileflyingaLightSportaircraft.References:Pilot’sOperatingHandbook,Emergencies
AirplaneFlyingHandbook,EmergencyApproachesandLandings(Simulated),p8-35thru8-27(stopbeforeFaultyApproachesandLandings);Chapter16,EmergencyProcedures
Content:1. Preflight,Start,Taxi,BeforeTakeoff,Takeoff,Climb-out,andLevelOff
(Review)a. Studentperforms/InstructorCritiques
2. EngineOutProcedures(New)a. Studentperforms“simulatedenginefailure”atInstructorcall.b. Instructoremphasizes:
i. Aviate,Navigate,Communicateii. Checklistisavailabletohelp.iii. EvaluatelandingvsuseofBRS
c. Waveoffat600feetAGL3. EmergencyDescent(New)
a. Instructordiscussesneedfor(fire,weather,trafficavoidance)anddemonstrateshigh-speeddescent.
b. StudentexecuteswithInstructorcoaching.c. Instructordemonstrateslow-speeddescent(60knots).d. Studentexecutese. Factorstoconsider
4. SystemsEmergencies(New)a. Aviate,Navigate,Communicateb. Instructoremphasizesuseofchecklisttoassistc. Useofcommunications(radio,squawk)
5. ControlofAircraftSolelybyInstruments(InadvertentIFR)(New)a. InstructordiscussestheFourC’s:
1. Climb2. Confess3. Communicate4. Comply
b. Instructorplacesstudent“underthehoodandhasthestudentexecutethefollowingmanuevers:
i. Straightandlevelii. Alevelturn(withandwithouttheGPS)iii. Climbiv. Descent
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v. Climbingturnsvi. Descendingturns
6. LostProcedures(New)i. Climb(Locate)ii. Confessiii. Communicateiv. Comply
7. ReturntoHomeBase(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcritiques
8. Pattern(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcritiques
9. Normallanding/15degflaps/fullstop(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcritiques
10. Normallanding/30degflaps/fullstop(Review)a. Studentexecutes/instructorcoaches
11. EngineOutinPattern/fullstop(New)a. Fromabeam,Instructorpullspowerb. Studentexecutesapproachandlanding/Instructorcoachesc. Takentoafullstop
12. AfterLanding,Shutdown,andPost-Flight(Review)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcritiques
13. Debriefa. Critique/Discussb. NextlessonwillbeaReview
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudenthasshownhe/shemaintainsgoodsituationalawarenessandairmanship;
(2) cansuccessfullyexecuteanengine-outapproachtoalandingwithsomeassistance,
(3) usesallresourcesavailable(checklist,GPS,communications,etc.)togainassistanceasneeded;
(4) andthestudenthasdemonstratedtheabilitytolandtheaircraftnormallywithminimalassistanceinseveralflapconfigurations.
Approachairspeedcontrolneedstobewithin+10and-5knots. Landingmustbewithin400feetofaselectedpoint.
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Transition Flight Lesson 4: Cross-Country Operations (2.0hrs) Objectives:Tofamiliarizethetransitioningpilotwiththecross-countrycapabilitiesandsystemsavailableinaLightSportaircraftandhavethestudentdemonstratehisabilitytoplanandexecuteashortcross-countryflight.
References:AirplaneFlyingHandbook,Chapter7,AirportTrafficPatternsPilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter11,WeatherTheory;Chapter12,AviationWeatherServices;Chapter13,AirportOperations;Chapter14,Airspace;Chapter15,Navigation;Chapter16,AeromedicalFactors;Chapter17,AeronauticalDecisionMaking;FARPart91Airman’sInformationManual,Chapters1thru8ASupplementalHandbookforOwningandFlyingtheCTSW
FlightDesignCTSWPilot’sOperatingHandbookGarminGPSMAP496Owner’sManualContent:
1. Preflight(New)a. Studentpresentspreflightplanning(logs,charts,wx,TFR’s),explains
howtheseresultswereproduced(i.e.,computer,FSS,phone,TV),andwhetherheintendstouseaflightplan.Instructorreviewsallmaterialandcoachesasnecessary.
b. Studentspresentsweightandbalance,fuelplanning,andperformanceplanning(runway,climb,densityaltitude).Instructorreviews.
2. Start(Review)a. Studentperformsstartandset-up/Instructorcoaches
3. Taxi,BeforeTakeoff(Review)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoaches
4. Takeoff.Climb-out,Level-Off(Review)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoaches
5. Leg1(NoGPS/PilotageandDRonly)a. Studentperforms/Instructorcoaches.
i. Instructoremphasizes:1. Powermanagement(100LL)2. Flapmanagement3. GPSOFFimpacts4. Fuelmanagementandbalancing
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ii. Lookingforeffectsofwindsb. Firstlanding
i. Studentexecutespatternentry,approach,andlandingtoafullstop.
ii. Instructoremphasizes:1. Checkingfuel(visual)2. Checkingweather(GPSOFFandON)3. Reconfigurationandset-up
6. Leg2(GPSallowed,Pilotage,andDR)a. InstructorcoachesstudentthroughGPSset-upbeforetakeoffb. Studentreconfiguresaircraftandperformstaxi,takeoff,climb-out,
andlevel-offc. Studentestablishescourseusingchart,compass,withGPSbackupd. Instructortellsthestudenthe’slost.Studentexplainswhathewould
do.e. Instructordiscussesrunningintounexpectedweather:
i. Aviate,navigate,communicateii. Evaluateweatherinflightiii. Turnaroundifindoubt…or…Divertiv. Ifyougetintotheclouds..
1. Climb2. Confess3. Communicate4. Comply
v. Landifyouneedtimetothinkorassessvi. Askforhelpifoveryourheadvii. Ifyouloseit,usethechute!
f. PatternEntry,Approach,andLandingi. Studentexecutes/Instructorcritiques
g. AfterLanding,Shutdown,andPost-Flighti. Studentexecutes/Instructorcritiques
7. Debriefi. Discusscross-countryconduct
1. Pilotageanddead-reckoning2. GPSnavigation3. Navigationallogmaintenance4. Overallsituationalawareness
CompletionStandardsThislessonisconsideredcompletewhen:
(1) thestudenthasdemonstratedgoodsituationalawareness(2) thestudenthasdemonstratedgoodnavigationalskillsusingpilotage,dead
reckoning,andtheGPSandcanmaintaincoursewithin2nm,altitudewithin200feet,andairspeedwithin10knots;
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(3) thestudenthasdemonstratedheunderstandsweathercriteria,airspace,andairtrafficcontrolandhowtogetinformationfromeach
(4) thestudenthassafelycompletedtwofullstoplandingsattwodifferentairports,oneofwhichmaybeafinallandingattheendoftheflight;
(5) andtheinstructorisconvincedthestudentisreadytoundertakethetaskofasolocross-countryonthenextflight.Thislessonmayberepeatedinfullorabbreviatedformiftheinstructorfindstherearedeficienciesthatputthesuccessfulcompletionofasolocross-countryindoubt.
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Transition Flight 5: Transition Check (1.5 hrs)
Objectives:Toevaluatethetransitioningpilot’sreadinessforsoloand/orpassengerflightoperationsinaLightSportaircraft.
References:AnyfromTransitionFlightLessons1through4Content:Beforetheflight,theinstructorwillreviewwiththestudentallhisnecessaryrequirementstobesignedoffas“safeforsolo/passengeroperations”.Thisflightwillbeusedtoaddressanyshortfallsandtheinstructorwillallowthestudenttoplanandexecuteaflighttoadestinationwithin100milesoftheairfield.Theinstructorwillmonitorthestudent’sexecutionoftheflight,observehisawarenessoftheairplaneanditsenvironment,askthestudenttoperformvariousmaneuversandseveraltypesoflandings,providetutorageasnecessary,andspringsomeunexpectedscenariosonthestudentheisaskedtosolve.CompletionStandards:ThislessonwillbeconsideredcompletewhentheinstructorfeelsthestudentcansuccessfullyandsafelyoperateaLightSportaircraftinallflightphasesandthatthestudentunderstandstheoperationsandrestrictionsofoperatingwithinLightSportFAR’s.SuccessfulcompletionofthislessonmaybeusedasjustificationtosignoffasuccessfulBFRaswellasasign-offforLightSportaircraftoperation.
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LSA Pinch Hitter Course Objective:Thismini-courseconsistsoftwogroundlessonsandtwoflightlessonsdesignedtoteachanon-pilotpassengerhowtonavigateandflytheLSAtoanearbyairfieldwherethepassengercanattempttoland(andtheLSAisnotBRSequipped)intheeventthepilotisincapacitated.
References:Pilot’sHandbookofAeronauticalKnowledge,Chapter2,AircraftStructure;Chapter3,PrinciplesofFlight;Chapter4,AerodynamicsofFlight,p4-1thru4-23Pilot’sOperatingHandbookContent:Ground Lesson #1: Fundamentals of Flight and The LSA (1.0 – 1.5 hrs)
1. BasicAerodynamicsa. Bernoulli’sPrincipleb. Forcesonanairplane
i. Liftii. Dragiii. Weightiv. Thrust
c. Generatinglifti. Theeffectofairfoilcurvatureii. Theeffectofangleofattackiii. Howliftanddragrelate
1. Therelationshipofspeed2. Therelationshipofangleofattack
2. TheLSAa. MajorParts
i. Cockpit1. doors
ii. Fuselage(empennage)iii. Wings
1. Flaps2. Ailerons
iv. VerticalTail1. Fin2. Rudder
v. Stabilatorvi. LandingGear
1. Brakesvii. EngineandPropeller
b. FlightControli. Flightaxes
1. Pitch
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a. Controlledbystabilatorviastick2. Roll
a. Controlledviaaileronsviastick3. Yaw
a. Controlledviarudderandrudderpedalsii. Theuseoftrim
1. Pitch2. Roll3. Yaw
iii. PowerandSpeed1. Enginecreatespower(thrust)
a. Controlledviathethrottle2. Brakesstoptheairplaneontheground
a. Controlledbybrakeleverc. Systems
i. RadiosandNavigation1. Inpanelcommunicationsradio
a. Howtotalkoveritb. Howtoswitchfrequenciesc. EMERswitch(ifequipped)d. MONswitch(ifequipped)
2. InpanelGPS(ifequipped)a. Basicdisplayitems
i. Movingmapii. Airportsymbologyiii. Airspacesymbology
b. Controlsi. NEARESTbuttonii. DIRECTbuttoniii. Selectinganairporttosteerto
c. Chartsi. Airportsymbologyonthechartii. UsingthechartandGPS
1. Todetermineposition2. Todeterminesteering
ii. TheEngine1. TheIgnitionSwitch
a. Howstarttheengineb. Howtostoptheengine
iii. TheBallisticRecoverySystem1. Systemdescription2. Armingandde-arming3. Deployingthesystem4. Deploymentprocedures
a. Wheretheyareinthechecklistb. Proceduralrun-through
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3. Howtocontroltheairplaneinflighta. Purposeoftheflightcontrols
i. Stickcontrolspitchandroll1. Walkstudentthroughusingimaginarycontrolsand
modelairplanea. Pitchupanddownb. Rollleftandright
b. Purposeoftheruddersi. Rudderpedals(rudder)controlsyaw
1. Walkstudentthroughyawingleftandright2. Stepontheball3. Ifyou’regettingoverloaded,putyourfeetonthe
floorandflypitchandroll.c. Purposeofthethrottle
i. Speedupandslowdownii. Climbanddescend
d. Instrumentsi. Airspeedindicatorii. Altimeteriii. Slip/skidindicatoriv. Digitalheadingreadout(autopilot)v. Compass
e. Useoftheautopiloti. Descriptionofslavingmodes
1. HowtoslavetotheGPS2. Howtoslavetothecurrentmagneticheading3. Howtoengagealtitudehold4. Characteristicsoftheautopilot
ii. Howgetautopilottorelease1. Panelbuttons2. Stickbutton
CompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudentcanpassawrittenexamontheclassmaterialandpasswithatleasta70%score.
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Ground Lesson #2: Scenario Walkthrough (1.0 -1.5 hrs) Note:ThislessonistobeconductedwhilesittingintheLSA.Thenon-pilotpassengerwillbeintherightseatandtheinstructorwillbeintheleftseat.(IftheaircraftisequippedwithaBRS,itwillremainpinnedduringthislesson.)
1. Reviewofaircraftcontrola. Runthroughpitch,rollandyawcontrolsb. Showaircraftinstrumentsandreviewwhattheytellyou.
2. Walk-throughscenarioa. Discussthefollowingscenariosthatmightoccurifapilotis
incapacitated:i. Pilotslumpedandaircraftdiving/climbing
1. Movethepilotoffstick:a. Llvelflight.b. Checkairspeedc. Reducepowerifnecessary
i. Airspeedii. RPM
d. Determinenearestairportse. Picktheclosestandthebestone(largerairports
havemorehelp)f. EnteritinGPSg. Rollaircrafttomatchupheadingh. Callforassistance;useEMERfrequency(121.5)i. DeclareanEMERGENCYusing
“Mayday!Mayday!Mayday!”anddescribepredicament.
j. Stayonthisfrequencyunlessconfidentofcontrollingairplaneandhowtoswitch.
k. Puttransponderon7700,ifpossible.l. Tellthemwhereyouarenavigatingto.m. Ifairtrafficcontrolwantsyoutogosomewhere
elseandyouthinkyoucan,followtheirdirections.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucan.Sticktoyourplanandtellthemwhatyouaredoing.
n. Navigatetoairport.o. IfnotBRSequipped:
i. Determineairportaltitude.ii. Determinethewindandlandingrunway.iii. Howtoflydownwind,base,andfinal.iv. Approachingtoland.v. Flaringandlanding.vi. Shuttingdownandgettingout.
p. IfBRSequipped:i. Fly600-1000feetoverairport.
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ii. Overtheairport,turnofftheengine.iii. Deploytheparachute.iv. Removekeyandshutofffuel.v. Leavedoorsclosed.vi. Cinchupseatbeltsandharness.vii. Afterimpact,exitaircraftasquicklyas
possible.q. Checkonpilotonlyifsafetypermits.Ifyousmell
fuel,donotreturn.2. IfunabletogetpilotoffstickandBRSequipped:
a. Shutoffengineb. Deploychutec. Callforassistance;useEMERfrequency(121.5)d. DeclareanEMERGENCYusing
“Mayday!Mayday!Mayday!”anddescribepredicament.
e. Puttransponderon7700,ifpossible.f. Pullkeyoutofignitionandshutofffuel.g. Removekeyandshutofffuel.h. Leavedoorsclosed.i. Cinchupseatbeltsandharness.j. Afterimpact,exitaircraftasquicklyaspossible.k. Checkonpilotonlyifsafetypermits.Ifyousmell
fuel,donotreturn.CompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudentcanpassawrittenexamontheclassmaterialandpasswithatleasta70%score.
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Flight Lesson #1: Mastering the Basics (1.0 – 1.5 hrs)Note:Thislessonistobeconductedwiththenon-pilotpassengerintherightseatandtheinstructorflyingfromtheleftseat.IftheaircraftisequippedwithaBRS,itwillremainpinnedduringthislesson.
Purpose:Thepurposeofthislessonistoteachthepassengerbasicaircraftandnavigationalcontroltoenablethepassengertoflytoanearbyairport,performasafedescenttothepatternaltitudeorslightlybelow,anddeploytheBRStoputtheaircraft’soccupantssafelyontheground.
1. BasicFlightManeuveringa. Instructorwillflytheairplaneouttoapracticeareaandclimbto2000
feetAGLorhigher.b. Instructortrimstheaircraftforcruise(5200RPM)andperforms
stabilitydemoc. Instructordemonstrateshowpitchcontrolworksanddemonstrates
flyinginlevelflight.d. Studenttakescontrolandtriestokeepairplanelevel.Instructor
discussespitchattitudesightpictureanduseofaltimetertocrosscheck.
e. Instructordiscussessoundandfeelofairplaneclimbingordescendingandthendemonstrateseach.Studentperformsconstantpowerclimbanddescentasinstructorquizzesaboutperceptions.
f. Instructordemonstratesashallowlevelflightturn,discussingcontrolinputs,sightpicture,andcross-check.
g. Instructordemonstratesproperuseofruddertocoordinateturnsandshowsaslipandaskid.Instructordemonstratesrecovery“usingtheball”.
h. Instructordemonstrateslevelflightshallowturnswithfeetflatonthefloor.
i. Studentpracticeslevelflightturnsupto30degreesangleofbank.Studentdemonstratestheabilitytoturnleftandright.
j. InstructorpointsoutheadingindicationsonGPSandcompass.Instructordemonstratesaturntoaheadingonboth.
k. StudentattemptsalevelflightturntoaheadingontheGPSandthecompass.Instructorhasstudentrepeatasnecessaryuntilmastered.
l. Instructortalksthroughhowtoperformadescentandlevel-off.Studentisaskedtoreadthealtimeterduringthedescentandcallaltitudeandairspeedonairspeedindicator.
m. Instructorclimbsairplanebackuptoworkingaltitude.Studentperformsadescentusingnoseforairspeedandpowerforaltitudecontrolandlevelsoffataltitudepickedbyinstructor.InstructorpointsoutVSIandhowitcanbeusedforcontrol.
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n. Instructordemonstrateshowtoperformafullpowerclimb.Instructorlevelsairplaneandthentalksstudentthroughaclimbofatleast500feet.
2. NavigatingBacktoanAirporta. Instructorresumescontrolofaircraft.Instructorhasstudentuse
NearestfunctiontoselectKLVJ.InstructorhandsoffaircraftcontroltostudentandasksstudenttofollowtheGPSsteeringtotheairport.StudentfollowsGPSbacktowardKLVJ.Instructordiscussessomefactorstoconsiderwhenpickinganairport.
b. Iftimeanddistancepermits,instructorpretendsheisATCandasksstudenttoflyaheading.Oncestudentisonheading,instructorgivesstudentaheadingbacktoKLVJ.
c. Atfivemilestoairport,instructortakescontrolbackandmakespatternentry,talkingaboutwhereairplanesarelikelytobe.Passengerisinstructedtotargetcenterofairport.
CompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletewhentheinstructorhasdemonstratedlevelflight,shallowturns,climbs,anddescentsandthestudenthasexhibitedabasicabilitytoperformthesemaneuvers.Altitudecontrolmusthavebeenwithinthreehundredfeet,rollwithintendegrees,andairspeedwithin20knots.ThestudentmustbeabletodemonstratetheabilitytousetheNEARESTfunctionoftheGPStofindthenearestairportsandunderstandhowtonavigatetooneofthem.
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Flight Lesson #2: Basic Mastery of the Scenario (1.0 – 1.5 hrs) Note:Thislessonistobeconductedwiththenon-pilotpassengerintherightseatandtheinstructorflyingfromtheleftseat.IftheaircraftisequippedwithaBRS,itwillremainpinnedduringthislesson.
Purpose:Thepurposeofthislessonistoreviewbasicmaneuversandhavethestudentrespondtoscenariosofpilotincapacitation.
1. BasicManeuverReviewa. Instructortakesaircraftoffandhandsoffaircrafttostudentinthe
climb.Studentperformsclimboutandleveloff.Instructorassistsasnecessary.
b. Instructorclimbsaircrafttoatleast2000feetAGLwhenappropriateandhandsoffaircrafttostudent.Studentperforms:
i. Levelflight(+/-300feet)ii. Shallowturnsleftandright(30degmaxbank,heading+/-20
degrees)iii. Descentofatleast500feetwithairspeedwithin20knotsof
levelflight;leveloffwithin300feetofdesignatedaltitudeiv. Fullpowerclimbwithin+/-20knotsofVyforatleast500feet;
leveloffwithin300feetoftargetv. Repeatuntilstudentmeetsparameters
c. Oncecomplete,instructorhasstudentsetuplevelflightatcruise(5200rpm).Instructorthenasksstudenttodeterminenearestairports,pickoneofthem,andsteertowardit.Studentdoesso,keepingaltitudewithin300feetandsteeringwithin20degrees.
d. Oncestudentdemonstratesability,InstructormovestoBasicScenario.2. BasicScenario
a. Instructordeclaresheisincapacitated.Studenttakescontrolofaircraftandexecutesprocedures.Instructorassistsasnecessary.Oncestudentissatisfactorilyheadingtowardanairport,instructorasksstudenttotellhimwhatremainstobedone.Instructorfillsinasnecessaryandretakescontrolifaircraftwhencomplete.
b. Instructorturnsaircraftawayfromairport.Atatimeofhischoosing,instructordeclaresheisincapacitatedandevaluatesstudentperformance.Instructordebriefsrunwhenstudentissuccessfullyheadingtoanairport.
c. Instructorclearsairportareaandthenslumpsatthecontrols,puttingtheaircraftintoashallowclimbordive,ashechooses.Instructoronlyrespondstothestudenttothedegreenecessarytoensurethestudentunderstandsthisisasimulatedscenarioandtokeepavisuallookoutforotheraircraft.
d. Studentfliesaircraftintothepatternandgetssetupforafinalapproach.Studentfliesfinaldownto400feetAGL.Instructorassumescontrolandreturnsforlandingorpractice,asdesired.
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e. CompletionStandards:Thelessonisconsideredcompletewhenthestudenthasdemonstratedabasicabilitytotakecontroloftheaircraftinthecaseofpilotincapacitation,tosteerittoanearbyairport,toflyittoorslightlybelowthetrafficpatternaltitude,tonavigateittoapositionwhereBRSdeploymentwouldlowertheaircrafttotheairport,anddemonstratesanunderstandingofhowtoexecuteaBRSdeployment.