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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 1
Animal Emergency Animal Emergency ResponseResponse
Decontamination and DisposalDecontamination and DisposalRolesRoles
Dr. Bethany GrohsU.S. EPA
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 2
AuthorityAuthority
! EPA –National Contingency Plan (NCP)
! USDA –National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS)
! Incidents of National Significance –National Response Plan (NRP) and annexes
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 3
NRP and Associated AnnexesNRP and Associated Annexes
! Basic Plan– DHS overall Federal lead for Incidents of
National Significance! Emergency Support Function Annexes
– Primary and Support Agencies support DHS! Incident Annexes
– Coordinating and Cooperating Agencies support DHS
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 4
Cyber Response
Food Safety and Agriculture Response
Terrorism Response
Biological Response
Nuclear/Radiological Response
JFO SOP
PFO SOP
Donations Management
Logistics
ESF #10 – Hazardous Materials
ESF # 9 – Urban Search and Rescue
ESF #8 – Public Health & Medical Services
HSOC SOPMitigation
Legal IIMG SOP
NRP Changes and Updates
ESF #7 –Resource Support & Logistics
Management
ESF #15 – Emergency Public Info & Ext Comms*
ESF #6 – Mass Care, Housing & Human Srvcs
ESF #5 – Information and Planning
ESF #4 - Firefighting
ESF #3 – Infrastructure
ESF #2 – IT and Telecommunications
ESF #1 - Transportation
ESF #14 – Economic Stabilization*
ESF #13 – Law Enforcement*
ESF #12 - Energy
ESF #11 –Agriculture
Private Sector Coordination
Financial Management
Worker Safety and Health
Support Annexes
Emergency Support Function
Annexes
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Terms and Definitions
Appendices
Basic Plan
Natural Resources
Community Relations
Congressional Affairs
Public Affairs
Most Relevant NRP Elements Most Relevant NRP Elements
Hazardous Materials Response
Catastrophic Incident Response
Incident Annexes
Note: This illustrates structure and proposed content. ESF, Support and Incident Annexes are not finalized.
*Proposed
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 5
Agricultural and Natural Agricultural and Natural Resources AnnexResources Annex
! ESF#11! Originally food safety under FRP! Expanded to include agriculture and natural
resources - status! USDA primary agency for ag resources! EPA support agency
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 6
Agriculture and Natural Agriculture and Natural Resources AnnexResources Annex
! OSC role– Support agency
! provide technical assistance and subject-matter expertise on facility remediation, and agricultural (animal and crop), and contaminated product disposal
! Surge capacity lab! Identify antimicrobial chemicals/pesticides! Investigative support and intelligence analysis for oil/hazmat
incidents! Technical assistance in determining when water is suitable for
human consumption
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 7
Other Relevant AnnexesOther Relevant Annexes
! Biological Incident! Oil/Hazmat Incident! Food and Ag Incident (to be developed…)! ESF#8! ESF#10
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 8
CONOPSCONOPS
! Request from White House Homeland Security Council
! Animals, Crops, and Food! Decontamination and Disposal
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 9
CONOPS for HSPDCONOPS for HSPD--99
! OSC role! 3 levels of response! “regardless of response level, the ag
community must be prepared to work closely with the emergency management community to deal with an animal health emergency
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 10
DecontaminationDecontamination
! Definitions! Considerations
– Location – Source– Containment– Sampling
! Decontamination Agents
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 11
EPA DefinitionEPA Definition
! The process of eliminating or reducing a contaminant to a level that allows the location or item to be returned to normal use. A contaminant is a chemical, biological, or radiological substance that may occur on surfaces, in water, or in/on food or agricultural commodities that poses a potential risk to human health and/or the environment
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 12
USDA DefinitionUSDA Definition
! Cleaning and disinfection (C&D) are tools used to impede the spread of pathogenic microorganisms.
! Disinfection is not sterilization! C&D will prevent the movement of
microorganisms on fomites and reduce the risk of pathogen transmission during the period while highly contagious disease pathogens are being eliminated from the national herd
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 13
CleaningCleaning
! Major part of sanitation procedures. Heavy contamination of animal feces and urine in animal confinement areas and fat in abattoirs
! “High pressure cleaning with hot water and detergents is the only practicable procedure but brings its own attendant problems of the disposal of effluent”
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 14
DisinfectantDisinfectant
! Physical or chemical agent that destroys vegetative forms of harmful micro-organisms, usually on inanimate objects but sometimes on the coat or hooves of animals.
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 15
C&D ConsiderationsC&D Considerations
! Location! Source! Containment! Sampling
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 16
C&D Unit in ICSC&D Unit in ICS
Information OfficerSafety OfficerLiaison Officer
SituationUnit
Leader
EpidemiologyUnit
EnvironmentalUnit
PlanningSection
DisposalUnit
Cleaning & DisinfectionUnit
OperationsSection
LogisticsSection
Finance/Administration
Section
Incident Command
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 17
Function of the C&D UnitFunction of the C&D Unit
! Arrive on premises during euthanasia and disposal and provide C&D for all vehicles, equipment, and personnel leaving the premises– Provide input to the Command level – Provide technical advice to owners of infected or
contiguous premises– Operate and arrange for C&D stations for vehicles– Coordinate with Logistics Section on supply of
disinfectant– Provide personnel to supervise C&D of quarantined
premises
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 18
Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge
! Pathogen transmission to susceptible species (including humans if zoonotic) may occur:– Directly, via animal contact with an infeted
animal or animal product, including blood; secretion (e.g., milk and saliva); excretions (e.g., manure and urine); epidermal outgrowths (feathers, hair, horn, hooves); and exhaled moisture
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 19
pathogen transmission cont.pathogen transmission cont.
– Indirectly, via animal contact with contaminated feed, and water; fomites (e.g., clothing, tools, equipment, vehicles, bedding, supplies, and other inanimate objects); and people or animals (e.g., roaming and scavenging wildlife – including vermin and dogs – on the premises) who are contaminated with a pathogen, but not infected or susceptible to it
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 20
pathogen transmission cont.pathogen transmission cont.
– Via arthropod vectors (e.g., insects and ticks) that may serve either as mechanical carriers of a disease agent or as an important part of the life cycle of the agent (e.g., mosquitoes that carry the Rift Valley fever agent).
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 21
Decontamination AgentsDecontamination Agents! Physical
– Heat, radiation, filtration, impact! Chemical
– Soaps/detergents– Phenol and coal tar acids– Biguanides– Halogens– Aldehydes– Surfactants– Alcohols– Heavy metals– Dyes– Gaseous disinfectants
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 22
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and and RodenticideRodenticide Act (FIFRA)Act (FIFRA)
! Product-licensing statute: pesticide products must either have an EPA registration or exemption before they may be distributed, sold, or used in the U.S.– Review and register pesticides for specified use– Cancel a registration for cause– Issue crisis exemption if needed
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 23
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 24
DisposalDisposal
! Definitions! Considerations! Methods
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 25
EPA Roles/RegulationsEPA Roles/Regulations
! RCRA! CERCLA! CWA! CAA
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 26
USDA USDA
! Effective disposal of animal carcasses and materials is a key component of a successful response to an animal health emergency. Overall goal is to control and contain the spread of disease– Disposal personnel– Evaluation of disposal sites– Selection of optimal methods– Disposal of miscellaneous items
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 27
ConsiderationsConsiderationsItems for DisposalItems for Disposal
! Carcasses! PPE! Waste – liquid and solid! Animal products
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 28
Disposal Unit in ICSDisposal Unit in ICS
Information OfficerSafety OfficerLiaison Officer
SituationUnit
Leader
EpidemiologyUnit
EnvironmentalUnit
PlanningSection
DisposalUnit
Cleaning & DisinfectionUnit
OperationsSection
LogisticsSection
Finance/Administration
Section
Incident Command
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 29
Disposal UnitDisposal Unit
! Disposal Unit Leader! Disposal Team Manager! Disposal Team Members
! Team assigned to each premises as soon as possible after it is declared an infected or contact premises
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 30
Disposal LocationsDisposal Locations
! On-Site Disposal– Most expeditious– Public health or environmental protection laws, permits– Suitability of potential sites on property– Number and species of carcasses– Potential hazard material may pose to humans/livestock
on site– Amount and size of rocks, soil types– Access roads for large trucks– High-water line, water reservoirs, wells
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 31
OffOff--Site DisposalSite Disposal
! Safe, efficient transfer of carcasses! May be considered when
– Infectious material from labs and on-site facilities are limited
– Insufficient space or poor seasonal conditions on-site– Too close to human habitation– Carcasses can be rendered in off-site facilities more
efficiently than on-site disposal
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 32
Transporting Infected MaterialTransporting Infected Material! Carcasses must be sprayed with disinfectant prior to
loading! Large-capacity vehicle made leakproof by lining and
sealing with disposable, tough, plastic sheeting ! Layer of absorbent material (sawdust) over plastic! Minimal handling of carcasss! Careful loading! Spray with disinfectant after loading and after sealing! Biosecurity measures entering and leaving premises! Clean vehicle after leaving premises! Clean and disinfect vehicle after unloading carcasses
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 33
Temporary StorageTemporary Storage
! Prompt disposal after euthanasia may be impossible especially in major outbreak– Pile carcasses in closed building– Pile carcasses outdoors, spray with disinfectant,
cover securely with tarpaulin– Pile carcasses outdoors and cover with soil– Control measure for insects/fomites to reduce
disease spread via humans, domestic pets, wild animals, vermin
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 34
Disposal Options Disposal Options -- BurialBurial
! Selection of site! Burial Equipment! Burial pit dimensions! Gas Production! Site Management
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 35
Disposal Options Disposal Options -- IncinerationIncineration
! Open Burning (small amount only)– Selection of Burn Site– Fuel requirements– Construction of fire bed
! Pathology Incineration! Air Curtain Inciineration
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 36
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 37
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 38
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 39
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 40
Disposal Options Disposal Options -- RenderingRendering
! Minimum standards– Particle size no greater than 1 inch– Temperature at 260 deg. F with alarm system– Material at minimum temp for 15 mins– Adequate security– Receiving side separate from finishing side– Air flow from finishing side to receiving side
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 41
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 42
Disposal Options Disposal Options -- CompostingComposting
! Complex process! Control of pathogen primary concern
– Inappropriate for TSE agents
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2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 43
Disposal of Misc. MaterialDisposal of Misc. Material
! Milk! Dairy Wastewater! Lagoons! Egg and Hatchery Waste! Feed, Grain, Hay, Straw! Silage! Manure! Wool and Mohair