Download - ANIMAL SCIENCES
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ANIMAL SCIENCESSCIENCE DEVELOPMENTS IN
TRANSGENIC ANIMAL ENGINEERING AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BIOTECHNOLGY AND ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BIOTECHNOLGY AND 2121STST CENTURY AGRICULTURE CENTURY AGRICULTURE
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Biotechnologies, Animal Biotechnologies, Animal Production, and Animal HealthProduction, and Animal Health
1945 to 19951945 to 1995• Milk Production Up 3-Fold• Eggs/Year Up 134 to 254 • Broilers Days to 1.8 kg: Reduced from 84
to 43 Days and one-half the feed• Leaner and Faster Growing Pigs• Leaner and More Efficient Beef Cattle• Overall Improvement in Animal Health
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Research Driven Biotechnologies in Research Driven Biotechnologies in Animal Agriculture and Biomedical Animal Agriculture and Biomedical
ResearchResearch
IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF:
Reproductive BiologyEndocrinology
EmbryologyGenetics/Genomics
NutritionAnimal Health/Disease Resistance
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BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESESTABLISHED: BREEDING AND GENETICS• Statistical Models Predict Breeding Values• Sire Testing and Selection• Crossbreeding
EMERGING• Marker Assisted Selection• Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)/Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms (SNPs)• Direct Gene Transfer • Homologous Recombination• Genetic Engineering Through Sperm
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BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESREPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT
ESTABLISHEDArtificial InseminationSynchronization of Estrus and OvulationSex Reversal (Fish)Artificial Incubation of EggsNutritionDisease Control
EMERGINGSEX CONTROLPREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSISTRAIT SELECTION
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BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESGAMETE AND EMBRYO MANIPULATIONS
ESTABLISHEDSuperovulation, Embryo Collection and Transfer,
IVM and IVF, Embryo Splitting and Cloning from Blastomeres
EMERGING Cloning
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)SCNT for Genetic Engineering
Epigenetics
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Embryo SplittingEmbryo Splitting
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IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGIESIMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGIES
Assisted Reproductive Technologies/Cloning
Embryo Transfer: 40,000-50,000 Calves/Year
IVM/IVF: 4,000 Calves in 1996
Blastomere Nuclear Transfer Cloning (61 males and 126 females)
Embryo Splitting (754 males and 1,472 females)
Reference: NAAB 1996 and Holstein Associate 2001
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BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESIMPACTING LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
Steroid Growth Stimulants
Bovine Somatotropin - Increase Milk Yield
EMERGINGSPERM-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER ECTOPIC DNA CONSTRUCTS
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
GENOME SIGNAL PROCESSING –Systems Biology
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EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIESEMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES
SPERM MEDIATED GENE TRANSFERVIRAL EXPRESSION VECTORS – SPERM UPTAKEDNA POSITIVE PIGS – 0 TO 88%DNA POSITIVE – mRNA POSITIVE – 41-100%EFFICIENT AND INEXPENSIVESTABLE INTEGRATION OF TRANSGENERANDOM INSERTION OF TRANSGENEADVERSE POSITION EFFECTS ON GENE
EXPRESSIONLETHAL EFFECTS OF EXPRESSION VECTOR
VL30 (50 ng) vs PCMVhGH (1000 ng)/1 million sperm
LAVITRANO ET AL. MOL REPROD DEV 64:284
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESEMERGING TECHNOLOGIESEXPRESSION OF ECTOPIC DNA IN RATS
GHRH cDNA DRIVEN BY SYNTHETIC MUSCLE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER:
INCREASE GROWTH HORMONEINCREASE IGF-I
INCREASE FETAL-PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENTINCREASE BIRTHWEIGHTS
ALTERED PITUITARY SOMATOTROPHS AND LACTOTROPHS IN PUPS
KHAN ET AL. 2002; DRAGHIA-AKLI 2002
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SPc5-12 hGH3’ kana
pSP-βgal
pSP-HV-GHRH
SPc5-12 HV-GHRH cDNA hGH3’ kana
β-gal
A.
Figure 1. RDA
B.
40
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cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
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3 weeks
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cf tf cm tm
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treatment group
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SPc5-12 hGH3’ kanakana
pSP-βgal
pSP-HV-GHRH
SPc5-12 HV-GHRH cDNA hGH3’ kanakana
β-gal
A.
Figure 1. RDA
B.
40
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cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
s)
3 weeks
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ght (
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ght (
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cf tf cm tm
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ght (
gram
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10 weeks
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cf tf cm tm
treatment group
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tota
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y w
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00
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0.2
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cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t *1
00
G/wt
TA/wt *
†
†
‡
3 weeks
0.02
0.12
0.22
0.32
0.42
0.52
0.62
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t*10
0
G/wt
S/wt§
§0.02
0.12
0.22
0.32
0.42
0.52
0.62
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t*10
0
G/wt
S/wt§
§
24 weeks
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESEMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
EXPRESSION OF ECTOPIC DNA IN PIGS
GHRH cDNA DRIVEN BY SYNTHETIC MUSCLE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER:
HEAVIER BIRTH WEIGHTSHEAVIER WEANING WEIGHTS
INCREASE SERUM IGF-IINCREASE IN PITUITARY SOMATOTROPHS AND
LACTOTROPHS (BIRTH AND 100 KG)
KHAN et al. 2003, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E224-E231.
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IGF1 SNP 5A Allele and Size of Dog
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Why Clone AnimalsWhy Clone Animals
Research
Development, aging, cancer, models for biomedical research
Applications
Genotype replication, genetic conservation, genetic engineering
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