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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    TRAINING & PROJECT REPORT

    Presented by

    Mr. Ankit Poddar

    Based on the training undertaken in

    Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Ltd.

    Project

    Information Communication Technology Strategy

    Period (dates)

    From - 27 Jan 2009 to 29 Apr 2009

    Industry Guide

    Mr. V. Sarangpani

    Faculty Supervisor

    Ms. Pratidnya Hegde Patil

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    TRAINING/ PROJECT APPROVAL SHEET

    This is certify that

    Shri _Ankit Poddar__________________________________________________

    Roll No./ Exam.Seat No. 115

    has completed the training & project in our company as mentioned below:

    _Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Limited._______________________________

    and the training report is also submitted

    in partial fulfillment of

    9th Trimester Industrial Training for MBA (Tech) in Information Technology sector

    and the same is approved (name/signature of Industry Mentor/HR Department)

    ----------------------------- ----------------------------Date:-Place:Company Seal:

    For SVKMs NMIMS University:

    I have supervised and guided the student and reviewed the report and approve thesame:(Faculty Supervisor) (HOD)

    ---------------------------- -------------------------------Date:PlaceSeal of NMIMS University:

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    Mans quest for knowledge never ends. Theory and practical are essential and

    complimentary to each other. We are indebted and thankful for the assistance received

    from various individuals in making this project a success. We find no words to express

    our gratitude towards those who were constantly involved with us throughout our tenure

    in Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Mumbai.

    We would like to thank Mr. Vinay Christian (IT Consultant), Mr. Sajith Nair

    (Module Leader) and Ms. Kanan Vaidya (Module Leader) of TCS for provides us with

    a learning platform. His guidance and support was a constant source of inspiration. He

    kept faith in us and giving guidance on how to go through the critical project. We are also

    very thankful to him for giving us the kind permission to work in the Institute and also

    highly obliged to him for allocating us a very interesting and challenging project. The

    whole staff of the TCS was highly co-operative and we are thankful for the support they

    extended to us.

    Wed like to thank Mr. Ketan Shah, our HOD, Ms. Pratidnya Hegde Patil

    (Project Coordinator) for molding our thoughts and vision towards this project. We

    appreciate their interest and concern regarding the project. He was constant source of

    inspiration to us throughout our project.

    Last but not the least wed also like to thank ourclassmates and other trainees

    of TCS who have always been there to inspire and help us.

    Name and signature of the student.

    Date:

    Place:

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    INDEX

    1. About Organisation

    IntroductionActivities of Organisation

    Practice Matrix

    Customers

    Global Presence

    2. Introduction

    About MHADAMHADAs Mission, Objectives and IT Vision

    TCS Scope of WorkReview Study

    MethodologyIssues

    3. Overview of IT Strategy

    Current Systems

    Network Solution

    Collaboration Suite

    Master Data Creation

    Change Management

    4. General Administration DepartmentDepartment Review

    Functions of General Administration DepartmentDepartmental Heirarchy

    5. Application Strategy

    Current Status of Applications

    Proposed Systems

    6. Platform Strategy

    Application Architecture

    Technology Architecture

    Proposed PlatformFramework

    7. Operations, Hardware and NetworkingInformation Flow

    Current LAN/ WAN SetupCurrent Hardware Status

    Available Options for Network Solution

    Centralized / Decentralized Architecture

    Thick / Thin / Rich Clients

    VPN / Dial Up Connectivity

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    About Organization

    1.1 Introduction

    Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) provides innovative, end-to-end consulting, IT

    solutions and services to Fortune 500 clients in over 50 countries. With over 45,000

    consultants, over 100 branches, alliances with world IT leaders, cutting-edge R&D,

    and world-class infrastructure, TCS offers products and services in eBusiness,

    Application Development, Architecture & Technology Consulting, Engineering

    Services, e-security, Large Projects, Quality Consulting and Infrastructure

    Development, across verticals such as Banking, Financial Services, Insurance,

    Telecom, Manufacturing, Retail & Distribution, Transportation, Life Sciences &

    Healthcare, Client and Utilities.

    Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is the world-leading information

    technology consulting, services, and business process outsourcing organization that

    envisioned and pioneered the adoption of the flexible global business practices that

    today enable companies to operate more efficiently and produce more value.

    They are part of one of Asia's largest conglomerates - the TATA Group -, which,

    with its interests in Energy, Telecommunications, Financial Services, Chemicals,

    Engineering & Materials, provides TCS with a grounded understanding of specific

    business challenges facing global companies.

    TCS commenced its operations in 1968, when the IT services industry didnt

    exist as it does today. Now, with a presence in 34 countries across 6 continents, & a

    comprehensive range of services across diverse industries, TCS is one of the world's

    leading Information Technology companies. Seven of the Fortune Top 10 companies

    are among their valued customers.

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    Their products are popular all over the world. They are known to be user-friendly,

    flexible, comprehensive, and trailblazers in their respective areas. The various types

    of services and solutions offered by them are as follows: -

    1. Consulting

    2. IT services

    3. BPO

    4. IT Infrastructure Services

    5. Engineering & Industrial Services

    6. Product Based Solutions

    TCS offers an optimum blend of strategy consulting and system integration

    services to help organizations architect and build their services / businesses in the e-

    Economy.

    1.1.1 Vision

    To be Global Top 10 by 2010

    1.1.2 Mission

    To help Customers achieve their business objectives, by providing Innovative,

    Best-in-class Consulting, IT solutions and services. We shall make it a joy for all

    stakeholders to work with us

    1.1.3 Values

    Integrity, Leading change, Excellence, Respect for individual, and Learning &

    Sharing.

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    1.1.4 Quality

    TCS follows a continuous quality enhancement process, and as of today, fifteen

    centers the Qwest, HP, Sholinganallur, Ambattur and GEDC centers in Chennai,

    SEEPZ at Mumbai, Gurgaon II, Noida, and Gulab Bhavan in Delhi, and the

    Bangalore, Calcutta, Lucknow, Pune, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad operations have

    all been assessed at Level 5 maturity of the Software Engineering Institutes

    Capability Maturity Model (SEI-CMM) scale. All major development centers

    belonging to TCS are ISO 9001 certified. TCSs Quality Management System also

    has ISO 9001 compliance.

    1. Organization wide ISO 9001 certification

    2. 15 Centres at SEI CMM Level 5 - Qwest, HP, Sholinganallur, GEDC, Ambattur

    (Chennai), Gurgaon II, Noida, Gulab Bhavan (Delhi), SEEPZ, Calcutta,

    Bangalore, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Pune

    3. EACoE, our joint venture with GE assessed at SEI CMM Level 5

    4. Second in the TATA Group in TBEM assessment

    5. Over 1100 CQAs from TCS, the largest number from any one company,accounting for over a third of the number of CQAs in the world.

    6. For SEI CMM - TCS has 40 Assessors, 3 Lead Assessors and 1 People CMM

    Lead Assessor

    7. First organization in the world to be assessed at PCMM Level 4 - Noida, Gurgaon

    II (Delhi), Kolkata and Tidel Park (Chennai)

    8. Adopting Six Sigma Practices (GE Center Bangalore) - TCS has 12 Six Sigma

    Black Belts

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    1.2 Activities Of the Organization

    1.2.1 Research And Development

    Founded in 1981, TATA Research Design and Development Center, the R&D

    wing of TCS, focuses on applying science and technology to industry in particular

    and society in general. The most critical input to TCS consulting practice, TRDDC,

    today studies and invents leading-edge technology tools and engineering

    techniques, and improves intellectual property that is applied to commercial projects

    all over the world.

    1.2.2 Focus Areas

    1. Software Engineering

    2. Language Processing

    3. Process Control / Real Time Systems Object Technology

    4. Software Re-usability

    5. Concurrent Engineering

    6. Expert Systems

    7. Image Processing

    8. Tool Development

    9. Artificial Intelligence

    10. Re-engineering & Re-usability

    1.2.3 Looking Ahead

    Always looking ahead, TCS is working towards being among the global top ten ITconsulting companies in the coming years. Emphasizing its commitment to quality,

    TCS intends to achieve SEI CMM level 5 certification for all its development centers.

    In retrospection, TCS has grown over the years not merely in size, geographical

    spread and revenue. It has evolved into a corporate culture dedicated to client

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

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    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    satisfaction, lasting relationships and social responsibility. It has become an

    environment where the best minds from the top universities are instilled with the

    finest training possible. Its human skills are ably backed by the latest in hardware,

    software and telecommunication links that span the world.

    The key element of TCS organization is to forge long-term strategic partnerships with

    its customers. These partnerships are forged around customers business objectives

    and IT strategies by configuring appropriate TCS' capabilities in Technology, Industry

    and Services skills mentioned below:

    IPs include:

    Banking Financial Services and Insurance, retail & Distribution, Telecom,

    Manufacturing and Process Industries, Health care, transportation, Utilities and

    Others.

    SPs include:

    E-Business, Infrastructure development and management, Application development

    and maintenance, Engineering services, large projects, security.

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    1.3 Practice Matrix

    TCS has a well defined matrix, and a well scaled up inter-connected industry to

    service approach. The cross-link of the given matrix provides a good hierarchy. In

    the system the practices are very nicely integrated to provide a very stringent array

    and thus provide a better link for processing of the work.

    Practice in TCS is integrated is such a rigid way that the interrelation and

    correlation between all the services provided and the technologies present in the

    Organization make the Company a must in modern IT World.

    The Matrix Organization and the very advanced behavior makes the place cozy

    to work in.

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

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    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    o Citibank

    o Compaq

    o Credit Suisse First Boston

    o Cummins Companyo Dell Computer Corporation

    o Deutsche Bank

    o Dresdner Kleinwort Benson

    o Eaton Corporation

    o East Midland Electricity Co.

    o Fidelity Investment

    o Ford Motor Company

    o General Electric (world-wide)

    o General Motors

    o Client of Sri Lanka

    o Hewlett Packardo HSBC

    o IBM

    o AVIVA

    o Barclays

    o SBI

    o OBC

    o MHADA

    o MCGM

    * (Companies in Bold are distinguished Companies)

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    "The least of my worries has been whether or not the system would work,or if it would be delivered on time. The professionalism, commitment, dedication

    and true passion of the TCS team made it all possible. Thank you, TCS, formaking magic every day of our lives."

    - Monica Singer, CEO, Strate Limited

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    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

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    Madrid

    HongKong

    Taipei

    Geneva

    HoChi

    Minh

    City

    Frankfurt,Munich,Hamburg

    Dubai

    Zurich, Basel,Zug

    NewDelhi

    Toronto

    Montreal

    Sydney

    Melbourne

    Singapore

    KualaLumpur

    Mumbai

    Paris

    Dublin

    Edinburgh

    Luxembourg

    Tokyo

    LondonBirminghamManchesterReadingBristolBerkshireNottingham

    Johannesburg

    Amsterdam,Rotterdam

    Brussels

    CapeTown

    Stockholm

    Wellington

    Calcutta

    Bangalore Chenn

    ai

    Seoul

    Budapest

    Copenhagen

    Helsinki

    Oslo

    BellevueDenverLosAngelesSanFranciscoSunnyvaleSan DiegoPhoenix

    MinneapolisSt. LouisOhioOmahaChicagoMilwaukeeHoustonDallas

    New YorkNew JerseyPittsburghRaleighRockvilleHartfordIndianapolisBostonClevelandDetroitAtlanta

    Boca RatonTampaCincinnatiSao

    Paulo

    Montevideo

    BuenosAires

    MexicoCity

    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    1.5 Global Presence

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    2. Introduction

    TCS, with its in-depth understanding of the Government sector and an

    experience spanning over three decades, is ideally suited to be a single-point

    solution provider for its clients. TCS provides clients with a complete range of

    services from strategic consulting to implementation of solutions, all tailored to meet

    client-specific needs.

    TCS is most suited to take up strategic consultancy for organisations in the

    International market, particularly the Government sector, having logged considerable

    person-years of experience in that area.

    TCS has provided its expertise to governmental agencies all over the world,

    working with numerous hardware and software technologies, to improve the overall

    image and provide better services to its constituents. TCS is also the largest player

    in the government sector in India covering strategic consulting, and providing IT

    solutions addressing requirements across the whole spectrum.

    Maharashtra Housing & Area Development Authority (MHADA) is a premier

    Housing organization in India. It is embarking upon an ambitious computerization

    initiative. It is therefore imperative that the deficiencies of the present system, namely

    lack of integrated systems, inefficient work procedures, lack of up-to-date and

    accurate databases, lack of data sharing, etc. be eliminated before digitization.

    MHADA has decided to provide a single point access web portal for citizen centric

    services that would entail revamping of existing web site of the corporation.

    As MHADA lacks specialized manpower in IT field, MHADA invited TCS to share

    its expertise to assist MHADA in formulating an Information Technology Plan. TCS

    will execute this assignment through its Architecture and Technology Consulting

    practice (ATC) supported by other practices of TCS such as Government and

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    Utilities. TCS will customize its IMPACT methodology for MHADA requirements and

    use it for arriving at an IT Strategy and Roadmap.

    This report provides the reader with the insight of how TATA Consultancy

    Services Ltd (TCS) went about assisting Maharashtra Housing and Area

    Development Authority (MHADA) in formulating IT strategy. It will provide insight into

    the steps in executing this assignment through Architecture and Technology

    Consulting Practice (ATC) supported by other practices of TCS such as Government

    and Utilities. It suggests understanding the business vision and the in-depth

    functioning of an organization facilitate in streamlining the processes. On the basis of

    the process study, Departmental IT Plan is developed and Gap analysis is done

    between current and recommended architectures, which help in preparing the tender

    documents.

    From all this, my area of focus was to understand the various functions of

    General Administration department, to do a gap analysis of the current processes

    and the required one, and formulate an IT departmental plan for the same.

    I have understood the process flow for each of the functions of General

    Administration department and analyzed each of the processes with the help of

    process flow chart; and then done a gap analysis accordingly recommending them to

    remove unnecessary steps i.e. BPR keeping in mind MHADAs business vision and

    the suitability for future technology investments. I also have analyzed whether the

    method can be improved by implementation of information technology.

    Finally, I have formulated an IT strategy report for the same. This report is

    mainly a road map for the implementation of the Departmental IT plan. Here, it

    specifies the current status, deciding on requirements of efficient and suitable

    proposed process and carrying out a gap analysis to arrive at a strategy and reduce

    the inefficiency in the current system my area of focus was Application Strategy.

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    Then, I worked on preparation of the ERP tender and training tender. After

    preparing the tenders, I also formulated questionnaire, which had all the queries and

    information not available in the General Administration Department. With the help of

    this questionnaire all the data available could be verified and data not available could

    also be obtained.

    2.1 About MHADA

    Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA) is a premier

    Housing organization established under MHADA Act No. xxviii of 1976. The

    enactment was to unify, consolidate and amend the laws relating to housing,

    repairing and reconstruction of dangerous buildings and carrying out

    improvement works in slum areas.

    MHADA works in multi-institutional environment in co-ordination with State

    Government and other planning and operating agencies. This requires well-

    thought-out intra and inter-institutional co-ordination. The following are the key

    functions of MHADA.

    Providing houses in Maharashtra state.

    Giving clearance as well as redevelopment of urban & rural areas.

    Developing peripheral areas of existing urban & rural areas,commercial centers, new towns, and lands vested in the Authority.

    Repairing and reconstructing old and dilapidated Cessed buildingsin Mumbai city

    Construction & Maintenance of transit tenements.

    Upgrading & improving civic amenities in slums.

    Providing Slum Housing schemes.

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    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    Undertaking mass production of dwelling units.In addition, MHADA is entrusted with the following Activities:-

    Allotment of residential and non-residential tenements and plot.

    Assessment and Recovery of lease rent / rent, service charges, hire

    Purchase installments.

    Conveyance of property to the Housing Cooperative Societies / individuals.

    Allotment of transit tenements and allotment of reconstructed

    tenements to the occupants / tenants of old / cessed buildings.

    Providing proper amenities and maintenance of common

    infrastructure services in the colonies.

    2.2 MHADAs Mission, Objectives and IT Vision

    2.2.1 Mission Statement

    MHADAs mission statement is as follows:

    To provide a more comprehensive & co-ordinated approach towards

    housing development, planning and development of certain areas in a

    balanced manner, with sufficient focus on quality, quantity & affordability.

    2.2.2 MHADAs Objectives

    Objectives related to the study are given below.

    To aid promotion of housing development through streamlined

    investor interface

    To provide quality services through Improved service delivery,

    enhance Professionalism and courtesy

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    To manage resources efficiently through seamless flow of

    information and Improved utilisation of human resource

    potential

    2.2.3 MHADA IT Vision

    MHADAs IT Vision is to harness the potential of information and

    communication technology to improve

    Customer (Current and Prospective) interface and services

    Management Information System

    Communication Across Offices

    Complaint Redressal Mechanism

    Internal processes and procedures

    Co-ordination with other Government & Non-Government

    infrastructure providers

    Marketing and Corporate image

    MHADA's Corporate Mission is to promote and assist in housing

    development for all income groups of society in Maharashtra State. .

    MHADA plans to harness the potential of Information and

    Communication Technology (ICT) to achieve its corporate mission and to

    meet its computerization requirements in the future.

    In 2005, MHADA invited Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS)

    to submit a proposal for ICT initiatives. After several deliberations,

    MHADA appointed TCS as its IT partner/ Technology Consultant.

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    Management and Engineering

    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    2.3 TCS Scope of Work

    The TCS scope of work in each of the phases would be as follows:

    A. Preparation Of Departmental IT Plans

    1. Technology Assessment and suitability

    2. Discussion with technology Experts

    3. Identify areas of application of Information and Communication

    Technologies (ICT) within the Department process

    4. Provide the required inputs for Selection of Enterprise Resource

    Planning (ERP) Package or any other appropriate software

    package (Finance And Accounts, HR and Payroll, Estate

    Management, Project Management Systems, Customer

    Relationship Management Including MHADA Portal and Material

    Management).

    5. All tender documents shall be prepared in accordance with the IT

    Plans prepared by TCS and approved by MHADA for the

    respective area.

    Key Deliverables:

    Submission of documents on

    a. IT Strategy for developing new applications, building new systems,

    integrating legacy system into an interoperable and scalable

    framework, building data centre, developing Geographical

    Information System based systems, modifying existing business

    processes, training the users, undertaking internal structuraladjustments aimed at improving efficiency, helping MHADA in

    smooth change over to modern systems, implementing HR related

    up gradation, implementing other key recommendations.

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    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    b. Current Business, Application and Technical Architecture including

    Security and Network Architecture.

    c. Target business, Application and Technical Architecture including

    Security & Network Architecture.

    d. Recommending IT standards and guidelines.

    B. Preparation of Following Six Type Tenders:

    1. Implementation of the ERP Package (Finance and Accounts,

    HR and Payroll, Estate Management, Project Management

    Systems, Customer Relationship Management Including

    MHADA Portal and Material Management)2. Creation of Master Files for ERP

    a. Mapping data availability needs of with Master files.

    b. Preparation and submission of tender for Master files

    for selected ERP in required format with all technical

    specification.

    3. Geographical Information System (GIS) including Creation of

    Respective Master Files,

    a. Technology assessment

    b. Determination of suitable Technology.

    c. Identification of area and utility for GIS software / agency.

    d. Preparation and submission of tender for the same

    including creation of respective master files with all

    technical specification.

    4. File Management System (Includes Document Management

    System of ERP) for all Departments of MHADA and specific

    software for Legal Department, Legal Management System

    including Creation of Respective Master Files.

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    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    a. Identification of legal functions and verification of same

    from legal department for inclusion in the legal tender.

    b. Preparation and submission of tender for the same

    including creation of respective master files with all

    technical specifications.

    c. Technology assessment, determination of suitable

    Technology.

    5. Computer Based Training or Any Other Tender as May be

    Specified by MHADAor Readymade or Customized Software

    Packages For Engineering & Architectural Departments.

    6. Setting Up of Data Centre Including Required Hardware and

    LAN / WAN

    7. Any Other Tender In Lieu of any of above Tenders as may be

    specified by MHADAor in Accordance with the Requirements

    as per Directives received from the Government before Sign

    Off to any of the above Tender / s.

    Key Deliverables: Tender documents for the select area as above.

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    Mukesh Patel School Of Technology,

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    Information Communication TechnologyStrategy

    C. Evaluate The Responses Received From Bidders And Submit

    Report

    1. Develop evaluation methodology for bidders selection for

    each tender

    2. Assist in scrutinizing and evaluating the tenders received

    and offer comments to the MHADA for its consideration for selection

    of vendors and also assist in carrying out negotiations with vendors.

    3. Complete bid evaluation process management

    4. Advise for customisation

    5. Recommend to finalize the vendor /s to MHADA for

    execution of the project.

    Key Deliverable: Bid Evaluation Reports

    2.4 Review study

    TCS conducted a review study, which encompassed key business processes.

    This revised document covers departmental IT plans. This report

    Examines the current applications and their usefulness

    Lists the areas which could be computerized

    Details new applications which need to be developed

    2.5 Methodology

    TCS adopted participative methodology in which the internal team is involved at

    all stages of development of new ICT strategy for the organization. A questionnaire

    (given in appendix 1) was developed for each of the departments & it was sent to the

    respective departments.

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    Several presentations were organized in which top management personnel

    participated besides key members. The purpose of the study was explained to the

    participants. The idea of forming process teams was mooted and readily accepted by

    the management. Accordingly, process teams representing all the departments were

    formed.

    These teams were asked to review the relevant process document in the light of

    changes taken place in the department / organization and suggest changes. The

    teams were also requested to fill in the questionnaire. These filled in questionnaires

    were analyzed. Detailed discussions were held with the process teams and HODs

    were held at every stage. Based on the above this document on Departmental ITplans was prepared. Further, the inputs given by the process teams are being used

    to prepare the tender specification.

    2.6 Issues

    2.6.1 IT related issues in MHADA

    There are certain IT related issues in MHADA, which need to be addressed so as

    to accelerate the growth of computerization. These include:

    Non- uniform technology platforms

    Partial computerization

    Insecure transactions

    Non-Availability of data in the required format and in time

    Limited connectivity

    Lack of integration of various applications already deployed

    No online application processing

    Limited availability of skilled IT personnel

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    2.6.2 Business Related Major Issues

    The major Business related issues for MHADA are:

    Limited focus on Customer Relationship Management.

    Difficulty in getting updated and accurate information for internal as well

    as external customers.

    Enhancing corporate image of MHADA.

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    3. Overview Of IT Strategy

    This chapter highlights the major observations and recommendations. These

    are categorized under the following heads.

    Applications

    Network

    Collaboration Suite

    Master file creation

    Change Management

    Timelines

    3.1 Current Systems

    3.1.1 Analysis

    The applications that support the major business processes of MHADA fall short

    of meeting current requirements of MHADA as the systems,

    Operate on multiple platforms

    Operate at multiple locations without any connectivity

    Are not integrated with each other

    Have limited functionalities

    Are designed to support the automation of some of the manual processes

    Operate in an insecure environment

    These applications are specially developed for MHADA.

    Thus these systems are not extracting the full potential of the Information andcommunication Technology. The following table provides a comparison between

    Bespoke (tailor made applications) and ERP packages.

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    Table 3.1.1.: Bespoke Systems Vs ERP Package

    Parameter Bespoke ERP Package

    Time required for development

    and implementationHigh

    Low. Customization required

    for some functions.

    Cost High Medium

    IntegrationExtensive testing

    required

    Already integrated. Testing is

    required.

    Adoption of best practicesTo be identified and

    incorporated.Incorporated

    Impact of technologicalobsolescence

    High. Continuous up

    gradation required at a

    very high cost.

    New technology can be

    deployed easily as the vendorcomes out with new versions

    fully integrated.

    3.1.2 Recommendations

    TCS recommends that MHADA should opt for an integrated ERP package

    rather than the re-development of these applications. The ERP package shall have

    the following modules:

    Finance & Accounts

    Human Resource Management

    Estate Management

    Project Management

    Materials Management

    Customer Relationship Management

    Portal, GIS, File Management System (including Document Management

    System) & Legal Management System shall be developed and integrated with the

    proposed ERP Package.

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    Use of the existing Financial Accounting, Payroll, Marketing and Application for

    Cessed Buildings & Transit Camps shall be discontinued after the implementation of

    ERP solution.

    3.1.3 Single Line Technology

    As MHADA is a medium sized organization, TCS recommends the use of

    single line of technology for all the applications because of the following reasons:

    Required skills not available in MHADA to manage applications on

    multiple technologies.

    Running and maintaining applications on multiple technologies require

    additional efforts and may become a costly proposition in the long run.

    Integration will continue to be a major issue as and when any change is to

    be incorporated.

    Though this will result in total dependence on one vendor, the advantages

    outweigh the risks. In case, a different technology is to be added for any specific

    reason, the same may be done as an exception.

    Selection of type of ERP solution will influence selection of following entities,

    Operating system

    Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS)

    Hardware and Networking

    Bandwidth requirement

    Framework (Front end)

    Messaging Solution

    Hence, firm recommendations will be made after finalizing ERP solution.

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    3.2 Network Solution

    Implementation of these solutions would require creation of organization wide

    network.

    Centralized Architecture is recommended due to ease of Operation and

    maintenance besides better control.

    Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) & Virtual Private Network (VPN) is

    recommended as it can be implemented within a short time and is cost

    effective. As and when, Maharashtra Governments Statewide WAN (MSWAN) is

    put into operation; MHADA may consider using this network if it is made

    available, cost effective and meets service quality requirements.

    Selection of ERP solution will have influence on network architecture and the

    bandwidth required by each office.

    3.3 The Collaboration Suite

    To have better communication within the organization as well as external

    world, MHADA needs to have Collaboration Suite (Messaging Solution). Currently

    employees use commonly available Messaging Systems such as Gmail, Yahoo and

    Hotmail. These require Internet connectivity and may pose security threats. Further,

    these mail ids do not identify the employees with MHADA. TCS evaluated four

    Collaboration Suites.

    Though extent of feature compliance is marginally higher for Lotus Domino

    Notes than that of Exchange, cost is very high. Postfix costs for Lotus Domino Notes

    is much less than the other suites. Selection of operating system will have a bearing

    on this.

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    3.4 Master Data Creation

    Master files for the new applications need to be created. In the case of existing

    databases, migration and enhancement would be required. As master file creation is

    a time consuming exercise, MHADA shall initiate this process as soon as ERP

    solution is finalized after obtaining the format from the selected vendor.

    3.5 Change Management

    Implementation for ERP would involve adoption of best practices and extensive

    changes in the current procedures. To manage this, core team representing various

    functions and various boards will be required. The key responsibilities of the process

    champions are as follows:

    Conceptualize new processes

    Identify enhancements required in the Applications

    Justify enhancements

    Finalize specifications

    Vet the Tender documents

    Assist In Evaluation of Bids

    Identify Prospective Users and Locations

    Facilitate Development of New Applications

    Facilitate creation of Master Files

    Assist in the maintenance of the application

    Get Trained In the Use of New Applications

    Train Other Users

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    4. General Administration Department

    4.1 Department Review

    The General Administration department is concerned with all the Human

    Resource related issues of MHADA employees. It is under the direct supervision of

    VP/CEO at MAHADA and there are a total of around 3500 employees in MHADA.

    Authority at Mumbai Office that is in Bandra centrally coordinates all HR functions.

    MHADA Organization is classified into Vice President (VP) office and regional

    boards. The VP office and each of the 9 regional boards are further divided into

    Divisions/Sections/Departments with respective cadres under them. There are 48

    cadres in all like Secretary, Administrative Officer, Sr. Assistant, Jr. Assistant, Sr.

    Clerk, Jr. Clerk etc. These cadres are categorized as Class I, II, III, and IV

    employees.

    General Administration maintains department, Cadre and Reservation

    Category wise sanctioned strength for the VP as well as regional board offices. For

    each cadre there is a predefined ratio for Direct Recruit and Promote.

    4.2 Functions Of General Administration Department

    The functions that are mainly carried out in the general administration

    department are as follows:

    Employee Recruitment

    Maintenance of employee records

    Performance Monitoring and Appraisal

    Maintenance of the record of incentives

    Training and Development

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    General activities loan applications, telephone bills, etc

    Departmental Enquiry / Disciplinary Actions

    Transfers and posting

    4.3 Departmental Hierarchy

    Figure 1 Departmental Hierarchy

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    Vice President / Chief

    Executive Officer

    Secretar

    y

    Administrative Officer

    (Mumbai Board + 7 otherboards)

    Public Relations

    Officer

    Employees (Class I, II,

    IIIII & IV)

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    5. Application Strategy

    The business objectives and organizational needs of any organization

    determine its Information System (IS) Strategy. The IS strategy should also take into

    consideration the current technology and the organization's ability to assimilate new

    technology. The design of any IS should also consider the compilation, processing

    and distribution of information. Hence the drivers for planning and design of any

    information system are:

    Volume, criticality and frequency of information (entities and data elements)needed.

    Data processing philosophy (applications architecture).

    Data distribution mechanism (networking and communication architecture).

    Overall cost effectiveness.

    Ease of use.

    Suitability for MHADA.

    Ease of Implementation.

    5.1 Current Status Of Applications

    A brief description of applications that are currently operational in MHADA is

    given in Table below.

    Table 5.1 - Current ApplicationsSr.No.

    Name of the System Platform Vendor

    1 Monthly & Annual AccountPreparation

    Oracle 7 NIC

    2 Provident Fund Accounting Windows / Unix (FoxPro) NIC

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    Sr.No.

    Name of the System Platform Vendor

    3 Payroll Windows / Unix (FoxPro) NIC

    4 Marketing System Windows (MS Access) NIC5 Preparation of Financial

    Performance BudgetWindows (MS Access) NIC

    6 Outstanding Payment Calculationfor Oshiwara Powai Schemes.

    Windows / Unix (FoxPro) NIC

    7 STAAD Pro 2002 COTS

    8 Auto CAD LT 2002 COTS9 Auto Desk Architectural Desktop

    3.3COTS

    10 Auto Desk Map 6 COTS

    11 Lottery System Windows Shanti Computer Systems

    The TCS team evaluated these systems keeping in mind:

    Integration with other systems

    Capability to meet the future requirements of the users

    Proposed IT strategy

    TCS team also evaluated the requirements of the organization keeping in mind the

    IT Vision of the organization.

    The departmental issues and the systems required by each of the departments are

    discussed in detail in the following sections.

    5.1.1 Finance And Accounts Department

    5.1.1.1 Current System Scenario

    The Accounts and Finance department uses two systems

    Accounting System

    Payroll System

    Accounting System

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    Table 5.1.1.1 - Existing System and Entities Accounting System

    Item DescriptionName of System Accounting SystemUser Department Accounts and Finance Department

    Software Details Windows 98 / XP, Oracle 7i and Unix 5.0

    System FunctionalityMaintenance of Accounts

    Generate standard reports

    Major Entities

    Revenue expenditure details

    Revenue income details

    Capital expenditure details

    Capital receipts details

    The following issues pertaining to the current Accounting System emerged

    during the discussion with the users.

    Financial Accounting system is not integrated with other systems

    available.

    The system implemented (Oracle 7 i) is very old. The server may

    pose problems, as it is Pentium II based & migrating to Pentium IV is

    tough. Moreover, with no support available from NIC, there are issues

    pertaining to maintenance.

    Data transferred to Head Office consists of only abstract and no

    details and hence drill down reports could not be generated. The data

    transfer from regional offices is by means of MS excel workbooks

    generated on a monthly basis using CDs or floppies for this transfer.

    Cost Center, Budgeting and facility for Centralized Audit are not

    available in the system.

    Only limited divisional level MIS could be generated from the

    system.

    The recommended system enhancements are as follows:0

    5.1.1.2 System Enhancements

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    Centralized access to all MHADA offices for relevant data - both

    for Data Entry and generation of reports

    Following reports to be generated through the system.

    Capital and Revenue receipts.

    Maintenance and Repair expenditure details.

    Rent received and expenditure on MHADA buildings.

    Work-wise details, Project details and comparison of

    Administrative Departments Permission (ADP), technical sanction

    and monthly expenditure.

    Area-wise income and expenditure (Sub-Division upwards).

    Sub-Division-wise comparison of monthly cash flow and budget

    provisions.

    Cost Center-wise reports.

    Monitoring Fund Movement.

    5.1.2 Payroll System

    5.1.2.1 Current System Scenario

    The following are the issues:

    The system has been implemented across the regional boards in

    Maharashtra with independent databases.

    The employee details have to be re-entered incase of promotions

    and transfers in the master maintained at the new location due to

    absence of a centralized database for employee records.

    There is no provision for managing Computer Advance and the

    House Rents.

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    Difficulty in supplementary bills with respect to Group Insurance

    Scheme / LIC, Computer Advance, Income Tax and House Rent.

    This is not integrated with any other System in the organization.

    All the information as required for Service Record Book is not

    available in the system. Hence, Service Record Book is maintained

    separately.

    5.1.2.2 Recommendations

    MHADA should have an integrated Human Resource Management System.

    5.2 Proposed Systems

    As indicated earlier, all the systems available are disparate in nature.

    These systems were developed and implemented over a period of several years.

    The need of the hour is to integrate all these systems. The expectations of the

    stakeholders can be fulfilled in time only if a radical approach is adopted. Hence

    TCS recommends implementation of a tried and tested ERP solution for MHADA.This can be achieved in less than a year, if the required data is made available in

    time and cooperation of all is secured.

    The following is the overview of the requirements, which are needed to be

    addressed by design, development, and implementation of the ERP System. The

    modules are listed as per the order of importance. The proposed features are

    relevant to the organization. The Functionality matrix of the proposed modules is

    provided in Appendix 2.

    The modules have been selected keeping in mind the major departmental

    issues as discussed above and the capability of various ERP solutions available.

    It is important to note that ERP solution may not address all the issues . Further, it

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    requires adoption of best practices, which will be beneficial for the organisation.

    This will also call for change of procedures followed.

    Description of all the Modules and their Interconnection in MHADA

    5.2.1 Financial Module

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    ERP in MHADA

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    An integrated Financial Management Module should have the

    following features:

    Budgeting and Planning

    General Ledger

    Accounts Payable

    Accounts Receivable

    Budgeting

    Loan Management

    Asset Management

    Project Accounting

    Cash Management

    MIS

    5.2.2 Human Resource management System

    It is recommended that MHADA should go in for an integrated

    Human Resource Management System (HRMS) along with Payroll System.

    This will lead to higher effectiveness in its operations.

    The following are the desired additional features of HRMS and

    Payroll System:

    Managing loans, etc.

    MIS Reports

    Performance Appraisal System (Annual Confidential Report)

    Promotions and Transfers

    Employee Grievances

    Separation (due to resignation, dismissal, death, disability,

    retirement including voluntary retirement etc)

    Recruitment

    Union Matters

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    Non contributed PF

    5.2.3 Estate Management System

    The Estate Management maintains details as follows,

    Managing tenement records

    Managing rent records,

    Conveyance

    A single comprehensive point of access will increase the efficiency of

    managing tenements. For this purpose, a universally accessible database needsto be made available. The best way to handle this would be to use a web portal

    that provides all information about locations, maps and other related information,

    The system shall provide the following details.

    By location

    Details of Rent charges & other service charges

    Transit Tenement Details

    By original owner

    By mode of acquisition

    By possession date

    By survey number / City Survey Number

    By utilization

    By nature of disputes and combination of the above

    It shall also provide area, compensation amount paid, lease agreement etc.

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    5.2.4 Project Management

    MHADA plans, manages and implements projects pertaining to acquisition

    and disposal of land, different services, infrastructure and development at several

    locations and construction of tenements in the state. All these projects are

    implemented, where forecasting, estimation, tracking and monitoring of the

    projects are required. The major projects are

    Survey and demarcation of land

    Creation of infrastructure facilities such as:

    i. Housing

    ii. Area Development

    iii. Slum Improvement

    iv. Rehabilitation & Reconstruction

    v. Drainage systems

    vi. Internal Roads

    vii. Common facilities

    These projects are either initiated by MHADA or done through deposit

    contributory work managed by MHADA.

    The Project Management has to cover following broad aspects in Projects

    Execution,

    Estimation

    Tendering

    Bid evaluation

    Project monitoring and control

    Bill processing

    Contract Management

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    5.2.5 Material Management(MM)

    MHADA procure materials required for its internal consumption such as

    stationery, computer peripherals, testing materials, electrical equipments,

    uniforms etc. The department depending upon the consumption pattern of the

    materials & anticipated future requirements generates the requirement. Materials

    are procured by taking requisite permission from respective authorities.

    A central store for materials is available, but not all the materials are stored &

    managed by central stores. Also data on Annual Maintenance Contract of

    equipments is managed at the department level.

    The present system is decentralised & having no cross linkages with all the

    departments of MHADA. This increases inventory carrying & procurement costs.

    It is recommended to have MHADA should go for Materials Management

    module of ERP to exercise effective control on all above issues.

    5.2.6 Customer Relationship management

    MHADA currently has no Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system

    in place. As mentioned earlier, problems like customers not having access to

    updated information and inability to identify potential customers can prove to be

    detrimental to MHADA in the near future. Because of its scale of operation,

    MHADA needs to have an effective Customer Relationship Module with

    appropriate focus on different customer types and their needs.

    As MHADA has a huge customer base across Maharashtra, the management

    of customer related data becomes a tedious and time-consuming job if done

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    manually. Hence, it is recommended to deploy a CRM system for the same,

    which would provide a comprehensive view of the customers to the users.

    The following are the desired features of the CRM module:

    Provision for grouping customers

    Provision of Search Facility

    Maintenance of payment details

    Management of complaint redressal

    Generation of standard reports archive

    5.2.7 Portal

    Portal shall be a single comprehensive point of access for all the stake

    holders viz. existing and prospective customers, Employees and other

    Government agencies to provide efficient services and to enhance the

    effectives of MHADAs processes.

    The proposed portal shall have the following features:

    Portal for Existing & Prospective Customers

    i. User Id and passwords for all registered customers

    ii. Downloadable forms

    iii. Information on schemes

    iv. Information and statistics repository

    v. Reference number for tracking status of application

    vi. Search facility

    vii. Payment gateway

    viii. Complaint Management System including complaint

    status.

    ix. Comprehensive Help & FAQ

    x. Multilingual Support

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    Portal for External Agencies

    i. User id management for other Government agencies

    Portal for Employees (Position based)

    The portal shall be integrated with File Management System & Complaint

    Management System

    i. Access with role based security

    ii. Email and SMS alerts on receipt of complaints /

    applications

    iii. Automatic updation of status of application

    iv. Escalate complaints in the workflow as per Service Level

    Agreements (SLAs).

    v. MIS

    5.2.8 Geographical Information System,

    MHADA has identified GIS as the need of the hour technology for better

    management of activities from acquisition & disposal of land to management of

    estate and transit camps. GIS is further required for better decision making in

    redevelopment / reconstruction of cessed buildings in the city of Mumbai as most

    of the data involved is spatial in nature.

    Following are the layers to be covered:

    Land

    Buildings (Including Cessed buildings & Transit Camps)

    5.2.9 File Management System(including Document

    Management System)

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    As most of the processes are workflow intensive and involve movement files

    across departments, MHADA requires fast and easy access to files in automated

    system. Hence a comprehensive File Management System would provide a

    common platform for maintaining files, harmonize the workflow of respective

    departments.

    Following are the desired features for File Management System:

    Processing of file (notings)

    File Room (Repository for files)

    Physical File Management (Shadow physical file movement)

    Knowledge Management

    Dashboard and MIS

    Automated workflow

    Electronic File System

    While discussing the issues of the File Management, it was highlighted that a

    robust Document Management System for the organization is necessary for

    quick and easy retrieval of information. The broad functionalities of the Document

    Management System are as follows:

    Managing unstructured information (text documents, engineering

    drawings)

    Integration with applications like CRM and ERP

    Content Lifecycle management

    Workflow management

    The features of Document Management System will be incorporated in File

    Management System.

    5.2.10 Legal Management System

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    Managing cases manually has led to duplication of efforts and inefficient

    information handling thereby delaying decision-making process, which is

    detrimental to MHADAs interests.

    5.2.11 Collaborative Suite

    In an integrated environment, MHADA needs to have a collaboration suite to

    interact with the internal as well as the external world & also for initiating the

    workflows of different systems. TCS team identified the following features, which

    would be required by MHADA.

    Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

    Message Store System (MSS)

    Secured Web-mail Service

    Authorization / Directory Service

    Global Filtering

    Anti-SPAM and Anti Virus Service

    Backup solution

    Centralized Help desk

    Bulletin and Discussion forums

    Mobile Access (Push Pull Technology)

    Instant messaging / chatting

    Available Choices in messaging system are:

    1. Microsoft Exchange

    2. IBM Lotus Domino

    3. Novell GroupWise

    4. Postfix

    The selection of messaging system for MHADA depends on operating

    system, which in turn depends on selection of ERP.

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    The decision for the same can be taken after selection & finalisation of ERP

    package & corresponding operating system.

    6. Platform Strategy

    The application and technology architecture enables mapping out the technology

    and application into a framework. It is very critical for an organization since it avoids

    serious operational or design issues like scalability and reliability problems.

    6.1 Application Architecture

    Applications in the past have been built by integrating local system services

    such as file systems and device drivers, which were very flexible, but are error-

    prone, costly and time-consuming.

    Today, complex distributed applications are being constructed that integrate

    existing applications and services from all over their networks. Although this has

    been a powerful architectural model for a number of years; it creates "islands of

    information" that cause significant problems, particularly with respect to

    integration.

    With the advent of Internet and with the help of Web technology, it is possible

    to create powerful applications that can be used by anyone, anywhere. It further

    increases the reach of applications and enables the continual delivery of service

    through a communication network.

    Programming languages like .NET and J2EE facilitate this idea by joining the

    tightly coupled, highly productive aspects of n-tier computing with the loosely

    coupled, message-oriented concepts of the Web. This style of computing is

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    called XML Web services. It represents the next evolution of application

    development and is the basis for conceptual application architecture.

    6.2 Technology Architecture

    The technology architecture would form the basis for achieving enterprise

    wide services in MHADA. The proposed architecture also needs to integrate the

    activities of various departments and provide efficient and convenient execution

    of the various transactions within MHADA. The system makes the inter and intra

    departmental information exchange an easier and transparent task which in turn

    will help MHADA serve the clients better. While addressing, the inter- and intra-

    departmental data sharing within the departments, the architecture should

    eventually get integrated with other external systems being developed for the

    entire Maharashtra state and which are currently outside MHADA. The

    Architecture should also enable interface to the existing departmental systems

    thereby enabling data integration.

    The high level diagram for technology architecture is presented below. The

    bottom layer indicates the infrastructure services comprising operating system,

    hardware and networking. The middle layer is the information services, which has

    the centralized data. The top layer indicates the application services such as

    portal etc.

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    Typical 3 Tier Architecture.

    6.3 Proposed Platform

    TCS proposes standardization for front-end technology, back-end database

    and operating system across all MHADAs IT infrastructure.

    6.3.1 Operating System As Platforms

    An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the

    hardware and software resources of a computer. The OS performs basic

    tasks, such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing the processing

    of instructions, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking

    and managing files.

    There platforms are 2 main, which MHADA needs to evaluate, namely

    LINUX and Microsoft Windows. The following factors are considered for

    analysis.

    Table 6.3.1: Comparison of Linux and Microsoft Operating Systems for Desktop

    Sr.No.

    Parameters Linux Microsoft Windows-XP/Vista Ready/ Vista

    1 Familiarity and Level ofcomfort

    Nil Very Good

    2 Easier integration Requires additional effort, asrequirements of multipletechnologies need to befulfilled.

    Technology providerensures integration

    3 Maturity Good Very Good and Proven4 Availability of ERP

    solution for adoptionMajor ERP solutions canoperate on this technology

    Major ERP solutions canoperate on this

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    Sr.No.

    Parameters Linux Microsoft Windows-XP/Vista Ready/ Vista

    except Microsofts ERP

    Solution

    technology including

    Microsofts ERP5 Training required to

    adopt new technologyRequired - complexityinvolved is more.

    May be required in somecases but is muchsimpler to learn.

    6 Time required to adoptnew technology

    High Low

    7 Ownership oftechnology

    No specific owner as thereare multiple service providerssuch as Novell and Red hatwho provide value addservices and maintenance

    Owned by Microsoft

    8 Continuous

    improvement

    Depends upon the success of

    Linux. Else, ServiceProviders may stop improvingthe product.

    Committed to improve

    the technology andprovide support.

    9 Cost reduction There is competition amongstservice providers.

    Cost reduction may beexpected of competitionincreases from Linuxservice providers.

    10 Assured maintenanceservices

    Depends upon the success ofLinux. Else, ServiceProviders may stopsupporting the product.

    Very Good

    11 Overall Cost Though it is available free of

    cost, for manuals andsupport, service providershave to be paid.

    Reasonable.

    12 Security Very good Vulnerable to virusattack.

    It is difficult for medium sized organizations like MHADA to maintain

    multiple technologies. Hence, we recommend proven and mature technology

    rather than a technology that is yet to mature. As MHADA is embarking on

    large scale computerization, it is preferable to proceed with the familiartechnology to avoid additional cost involved in training the personnel to adapt

    to a new technology besides more time is also required to do so. This

    recommendation is made in the light of factors mentioned above and shall not

    be treated in isolation as it is context relevant.

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    Hence, MHADA should standardize on Windows XP/ Vista ready (and

    later Vista) as its Desktop operating system. It is learnt that most of the

    computers procured by MHADA comply with this. Though there is some initial

    cost advantage in adopting Linux, it is widely believed that maintenance costs

    over a long run neutralize the initial cost advantage. Since the approach

    proposed is for centralized applications delivered on a browser front end it is

    advised to continue using Internet Explorer on Windows.

    6.4 Framework

    In software development, a framework is a defined support structure in which

    another software project can be organized and developed. A framework may

    include support programs, code libraries, a scripting language, or other software

    to help develop and glue together the different components of a software project.

    Frameworks are designed with the intent of facilitating software development,

    by allowing designers and programmers more time on meeting to spend software

    requirements rather than dealing with the more tedious low level details of

    providing a working system. For example, a team using Apache Struts to develop

    a web site can focus on how deposit refunds are going to work rather than how to

    control navigation between pages in a bug-free manner. However, there are

    common complaints that using frameworks adds to "code bloat", and that a

    predominance of competing and complementary frameworks means that one

    wastes time on rote programming and design, rather than time spent on learning

    frameworks.

    Table 6.4: Comparison of Development Frameworks

    Sr.No.

    FeatureMicrosoft

    . NET FrameworkJ2EE Framework

    1 ProgrammingLanguage

    C# Java

    2 Core Components . NET Common components Java Core API

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    Sr.No.

    FeatureMicrosoft

    . NET FrameworkJ2EE Framework

    3 Server Pages Active Server Pages (ASP) Java Server Pages (JSP)

    4 RuntimeEnvironments

    IL Common LanguageRuntime (CLR)

    Java Virtual Machine (JVM),CORBA IDL and ORB

    5 Web Components Win Forms and Web Forms Java Swing6 Database

    ConnectivityADO + SOAP based web

    servicesJDBC, EJB, JMS and Java

    XML Libraries (XML4J,JAXP)

    7 Performance of Applications

    Depends on machine memorysize and processing capability

    Depends on size of memory

    8 ApplicationDevelopment Time

    Quicker due to available libraryresources

    Slower due to lack of libraryresources

    9 Skills availability Very good Very good

    10 O/S dependence Yes No

    MHADA should adopt a centralized architecture and all applications should

    be web enabled. Any one of the development frame works can be used

    depending upon Operating System and ERP solution selected.

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    . Operations, Hardware and Networking

    7.1 Information Flow

    HO(Mumbai Board, R&R

    Board, SIB, Konkan Board)

    R&R - Tardeo

    The information flow amongst various offices under Mumbai and Konkan Board is

    depicted in the diagram above. In the first phase, the Data Center shall support MHADA

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    R&R -Colaba

    R&R - Byculla

    R&R - KalachowkieR&R - Sion

    R&R - Chandanwadi

    R&R - Dadar

    R&R - Worli

    Konkan Board - Kalyan

    R&R - Parel

    Dy. CE - ICT

    R&R - Bandra M.B. - Goregaon

    M.B. - Andheri

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    office at Bandra. In the second phase, it shall cover the offices mentioned above. In the

    third phase all the regional boards shall be covered.

    7.2 Current LAN/WAN Setup

    MHADA currently has LAN set up in Head Office located at Bandra,

    covering over 85% of the computers. HO has 256 kbps Internet Leased Line

    connectivity. However, other offices have neither LAN nor connected by

    WAN.

    7.3 Current Hardware Status

    Table 7.3: Current Hardware availability in HO

    Hardware

    DescriptionNumber*

    Desktops 329

    Servers 9

    Printers 213

    Scanners 4

    Laptops 20

    UPS 9

    Network

    Switches16

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    7.4 Available Options For Network Solution

    A robust communication infrastructure is needed for a successful

    implementation of e-Governance. Also, a Wide Area Network is essential for

    effective communication.

    The available options are:

    Centralised V/s De-centralised

    Dialup V/s Leased (VPN)

    Thin Clients V/s Thick Clients V/s Rich Clients

    Scenarios:

    Centralised, VPN, Clients

    Decentralized, Dialup, Thick Clients

    7.5 Centralized/ De-centralized Architecture

    7.5.1 Centralized Architecture

    Centralized systems are the most familiar form of topology, typically seen as

    the client / server pattern used by databases, web servers, and other simple

    distributed systems. All functions are centralized into one server with many clients

    connecting directly to the server to send and receive information. Many

    applications called "peer-to-peer" also have a centralized component.

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    Centralized systems form the most popular system topology, typically

    seen as the client / server pattern. All functions and information are

    centralized on a single server (sometimes referred to as the hub), with many

    clients (the spokes) connecting directly to the server to send and receive

    information. Both control flow and data flow take place through the central

    server. The primary advantage of centralized systems is their simplicity.

    Because all data is concentrated in one place, centralized systems are easily

    managed and have no questions of data consistency or coherence.

    Centralized systems are also relatively easy to secure, since there is only one

    host to be protected.

    The advantages are as follows:

    Sharing resources Single place to access network management applications and

    information

    Avoidance of duplication of databases

    Learning

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    Security / access control

    Achievement of scale of economies

    Security easier to maintain

    The disadvantages are:

    Greater reliance on WAN reliability and capacity

    Limited ability to meet user needs

    Inflexibility

    Increased dependency and vulnerability

    7.5.2 De-centralized Architecture

    Decentralized systems are characterized by a group of related, but not

    necessarily interconnected platforms, running independent copies of the same (or

    equivalent) applications with independent copies of data. The current state of the

    group is not automatically maintained. Instead of a single (central) processor with

    multiple users, the decentralized system has multiple (distributed) processors with

    single or multiple users. The processors do not necessarily communicateelectronically. This characteristic prevents the system from automatically

    maintaining the state of the distributed system and is the primary distinction

    between the decentralized model and the other two distributed system models.

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    The advantages are as follows

    Greater fit between systems and local needs

    Higher usage of computerised system

    Faster development

    Perceived lower cost

    The disadvantages are as follows

    Barrier to sharing data

    Increased resources including human resources

    Duplication of effort

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    Lack of learning and control

    Failure to achieve economies of scale

    7.6 Thick/ Thin/ Rich Clients

    A client is a computer system that accesses a (remote) service on another

    computerby some kind ofnetwork. The term was first applied to devices computers via

    a network. There are basically two types of clients: Thin client and Thick client.

    that were not capable of running their own stand-alone programs, but could interact with

    remote

    7.6.1 Thin Clients

    Thin client is a synonym for the Network Computer (NC) or personal

    computers for businesses that are designed to be centrally-managed, configured

    with only essential equipment, and devoid of CD-ROM players, diskette drives, and

    expansion slots. A thin client is a minimal client. Thin clients utilize as few

    resources on the host computer as possible. A thin client's job is generally merely

    to display graphical information provided by an application server, which performs

    the bulk of any required data processing. The term derives from the fact that smallcomputers in networks tend to be clients of local area network and other servers.

    The features are as follows:

    The processing speed becomes a critical factor in this case. speed

    is slow. Everything must wait for the server to process and transmit the

    next screen information. Therefore the server

    The infrastructure cost is low because there is no need of physical

    hard disk at each terminal.

    Different browsers may require different plug-ins to support

    features such as video streaming.

    In case of link failure, all the operations will come to halt this will

    lead to long queues of customer at service facility end.

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_system
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    Responsive

    Easy to deploy

    Broad Reach

    Easy Change Management

    Web Service and Offline / Online Support

    Use of existing workstations

    Enhanced data security

    The following table provides a comparison of clients.

    Table 7.6: Comparison between Thick / Thin and Rich Clients:

    Parameters Thin Client Thick Client Rich Client

    Speed Slow Fast Fast

    Cost Low Medium Medium

    Look and feelBrowser supportfeatures required

    IntegratedWeb service and offline /

    online

    Link Dependent Yes No No

    Data entry and

    Processing

    Only data entry and no

    processing

    Data entry as well asprocessing on the

    clientAs per the requirement

    7.7 VPN and Dial-up Connectivity

    A virtual private network (VPN) is a private communications network often used

    within a company to communicate confidentially over a publicly accessible network. VPN

    message traffic can be carried over a public networking infrastructure (e.g. the Internet)

    on top of standard protocols, or over a service providers private network with a defined

    Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service

    provider. VPNs can provide great benefits for extended geographic community, as are

    required in MHADAs case.

    MBA-Tech-IT(3rd Year)


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