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Anthropometric Assessment Systems
BPK303
Spring 2014
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Anthropometric Assessments
Comparison of Anthropometric measures to normative data.
Measures intended to reflect growth and/or body composition.
Reliable measurement of standardized techniques essential.
Appropriate norms?
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C.F.S. - Canada Fitness Survey 1981
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute
The 1981 Canada Fitness Survey was the first nationally representative study of the physical recreation habits, physical fitness, and health status of an entire population.
More than 23,000 Canadians aged 7 and older participated in this historic survey, providing baseline data representing all Canadians except the 3% not living in households.
The anthropometric and performance data was then used as the normative data for the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness
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C.S.T.F.
Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness Performance Tests
Step test, grip strength, push ups, sit ups, sit and reach.
Anthropometric Assessment consisted of: % body Fat determined by the Durnin &
Womersley equations based upon the sum of 4 skinfolds (Triceps, Subscapular, Biceps, and Iliac Crest)
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Durnin & Womersley (1974)
Density = a (log10Sum 4 SF) + c◦ Sum of Triceps, Subscapular, Biceps, and Iliac Crest
Skinfolds◦ a & c dependent upon age and gender specific equations◦ British sample measured on the left side of the body
% Fat = (4.95/Density)-4.5) x 100Problems encountered by C.S.T.F.
◦ Overpredicts by 3 - 5% Fat◦ Upper body sites
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C.S.T.F.
Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness Revised Anthropometric Assessment
included: Body Mass Index Sum 5 Skinfolds Sum Trunk Skinfolds Waist to hip girth ratio
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C.P.A.F.L.A.The Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness & Lifestyle Approach
Modification of the C.S.T.F.◦ Change in style – Rather than using Health Risk Zones,
Health Benefit Zones were identifiedAnthropometric Assessment includes:
◦ Body Mass Index (BMI)◦ Sum of Five Skinfolds (mm) (SO5S)◦ Waist Girth (cm) (WG)◦ Sum of Two Trunk Skinfolds (mm) (SO2S)
C.P.A.F.L.A. taught in Kin 343◦ Why are some of the techniques for skinfolds in Kin 303
and Kin 343 different?
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Health Benefit Zones By Age and Gender For Body
Weight, Adiposity and Fat Distribution Measurements
Male(15-19 yrs)
Female(15-19 yrs)
Male(20-29 yrs)
Female(20-29 yrs)
BMI 19-24 19-24 20-25 20-25
SO5S(mm) 31-47 46-69 32-58 46-72
WG(cm) 67- 88 61- 81 71-93 61-81
SO2S(mm) 11-24 13-29 13-32 13-36
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Determination of Health Benefit Zones – Scoring of Body Composition Assessments
BMI healthy and SO5S healthy 8 points
BMI unhealthy and SO5S healthy 8 points
BMI healthy and SO5S unhealthy 3 points
BMI unhealthy and SO5S unhealthy 0 points
WG healthy and SO2S healthy 8 points
WG healthy and SO2S unhealthy 4 points
WG unhealthy and SO2S unhealthy 2 points
WG unhealthy and SO2S healthy 0 points
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Determination of Health Benefit Zones – Corresponding Health Benefit Zones
for Healthy Body Composition
16 points Excellent
12 points Very Good
7-11 points Good
4-5 points Fair
0-3 points Needs Improvement
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Table 6-7: HEALTH BENEFIT ZONES FOR BODY COMPOSITION
ExcellentYour body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with optimal health benefits.
Very GoodYour body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with considerable health benefits.
GoodYour body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with many health benefits.
Fair
Your body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with some health risk. Continuing to progress from here into the GOOD zone will further increase the health benefits associated with your body composition.
Needs Improvement
Your body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with considerable health risk. Try to achieve and maintain a healthy body composition by enjoying regular physical activity and healthy eating. Progressing from here into the FAIR zone is a very significant step to increasing the health benefits associated with your body composition.
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CSEP-PATH 2013Physical Activity Training for Health
Skinfolds removed
Waist Girth definition changed
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Advanced O-SCALE System
for individual physique assessment
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Developed to fill a need
% body fat predictions have unacceptably high S.E.E.’s
Individual assessments vs group validation
Designed with the expectation of becoming obsolete very soon
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Components
Anthropometric measures Geometric scaling General appraisal of physique Detailed appraisal
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STANINE chosen for O-SCALE system based upon number of categories and equal width of categories
Stanine Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Percentage of
Normal Distribution within Category
4% 7% 12% 17% 20% 17% 12% 7% 4%
Boundary Z-Scores -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 +0.25 +0.75 +1.25 +1.75
Boundary Percentiles 4 11 23 40 60 77 89 96
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General description of physique
Adiposity rating based on skinfolds Proportional weight rating Stanine scores
equal width of categories nine categories seemed appropriate
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Adiposity Rating
Proportional Sum of six skinfolds Sum 6 SF * (170.18/Ht)
Comparison to age and sex specific norms via stanine scale
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Females
23 year old femaleProp. Sum of 6 skinfolds = 79.4Adiposity (A) rating = 3
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Proportional Weight Rating
Proportional Weight WT * (170.18/HT)3
Comparison to age and sex specific norms via stanine scale
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Females
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A & W Ratings
A = 7, W = 7, - Balanced physique A = 7, W = 5, - Adiposity dominant A = 5, W = 7, - Weight dominant
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_______________________________________________________________ | | | O-Scale Rating For : Military Woman | | Date : 10/07/87 | | Age (decimal years) : 23.5 | | Height (centimeters) : 159.0 | | Weight (kilograms) : 72.3 | | Sum of 6 Skinfolds (millimeters) : 88.8 | | Proportional Sum of 6 Skinfolds (mm) : 95.0 | | Proportional Weight (kilograms) : 88.6 | | | | |..1..|..2..|..3..|..4..|..5..|..6..|..7..|..8..|..9..| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A | | | | | * | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W | | | | | | | | | * | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |.....4%...11%...23%...40%...60%...77%...89%...96%....| | | | | PERCENTAGE BODY FAT PREDICTIONS | | Yuhasz 17.3 % | | Sloan 21.7 % | | Durnin & Womersley 28.2 % | | BODY MASS INDEX | | BMI 28.6 | |_______________________________________________________________|
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Detailed Description of Physique
Listing of all measures with 4th, 50th & 95th percentiles
Proportionality profiles z-values plotted vs similarly scaled
norm values
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_______________________________________________________________ | | | SIZE PROFILE | | Female age 23.5 Norm Percentiles | | Present 4% 50% 96% | |_______________________________________________________________| _______________________________________________________________ | | | Weight 72.3 47.5 58.2 74.3 | | Height 159.0 154.1 165.5 176.3 | | | | Skinfolds | | Triceps 16.5 8.3 15.3 27.0 | | Subscapular 16.8 7.1 12.1 25.3 | | Biceps 6.5 3.7 7.3 15.1 | | Iliac Crest 15.3 6.8 11.3 26.0 | | Supraspinale 11.3 5.5 11.0 24.2 | | Abdominal 16.5 6.8 15.5 32.7 | | Front Thigh 17.5 11.0 22.3 39.2 | | Medial Calf 10.2 7.5 15.1 28.0 | | | | Girths | | Arm (relaxed) 32.9 22.2 26.7 31.5 | | Arm (flexed) 33.5 23.5 27.1 32.0 | | Forearm (maximum) 25.6 21.2 23.2 26.5 | | Wrist 15.8 13.6 14.5 16.2 | | Chest 96.1 78.4 83.8 96.0 | | Waist 78.4 61.0 67.9 81.6 | | Gluteal 100.2 84.8 93.6 106.1 | | Thigh 60.5 47.7 55.9 63.7 | | Calf (maximum) 37.5 30.6 34.7 39.7 | | Ankle 21.7 18.5 20.7 23.8 | | | | Widths | | Humerus 6.5 5.3 6.0 6.8 | | Femur 9.3 7.9 8.8 10.0 | | | | Corrected Girths | | Arm 27.7 18.2 22.0 25.3 | | Chest 90.8 75.4 80.5 88.6 | | Thigh 55.0 40.5 48.5 55.0 | | Calf 34.3 25.7 29.8 34.5 | |_______________________________________________________________|
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_______________________________________________________________ | | | PROPORTIONALITY PROFILE | | Your measurements are scaled to a common stature and then | | plotted relative to your age and sex norms. | |_______________________________________________________________| | | | 4% 50% 96% | | Weight .......|.........|.........|....*........... | | | | Skinfolds | | Triceps .......|.........|.*.......|................ | | Subscapular .......|.........|...*.....|................ | | Biceps .......|........*|.........|................ | | Iliac Crest .......|.........|..*......|................ | | Supraspinale .......|.........|*........|................ | | Abdominal .......|.........|*........|................ | | Front Thigh .......|.....*...|.........|................ | | Medial Calf .......|...*.....|.........|................ | | | | Girths | | Arm (relaxed) .......|.........|.........|....*........... | | Arm (flexed) .......|.........|.........|.....*.......... | | Forearm (maximum).......|.........|.........|.*.............. | | Wrist .......|.........|.........*................ | | Chest .......|.........|.........|.*.............. | | Waist .......|.........|.........*................ | | Gluteal .......|.........|........*|................ | | Thigh .......|.........|........*|................ | | Calf (maximum) .......|.........|........*|................ | | Ankle .......|.........|.....*...|................ | | | | Widths | | Humerus .......|.........|.........*................ | | Femur .......|.........|......*..|................ | | | | Corrected Girths | | Arm .......|.........|.........|...........*.... | | Chest .......|.........|.........|.......*........ | | Thigh .......|.........|.........|...*............ | | Calf .......|.........|.........|..*............. | |_______________________________________________________________|
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MALE
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GAMMA
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THETA
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THETA
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Differences from O-SCALE system
Normative Database:
Proportional Values rather than z-values:
Skinfold-adjusted Forearm Girth:
Scaling Height is 170cm rather than 170.18cm:
Detailed Description of Physique does not require Computer Software:
C.P.A.F.L.A. Indices shown as percentile charts based upon KIN-Scale norms
41
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Fall 2012 students
42Balanced 20 (23.8%)
Weight Dominant
33 (39.3%)Adiposity Dominant
31 (36.9%)
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A – W Difference indicates relative Musculo-Skeletal Development
5 - 2 4 - 2 4 -8
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Muscularity Upper Arm 19.4 19.1 19.6 19.9
20.4
20.8 21.0 21.5 21.9 22.2 22.3 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.8 25.5 26.8
Forearm 19.4 19.1 19.7 20.020.2
20.5 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.8 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.4 23.9
Thigh 42.0 43.2 44.4 45.746.8
47.4 48.0 48.5 49.0 49.3 49.9 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.2 53.0 53.7 54.7 55.7 57.9
Calf 29.0 28.2 29.0 29.429.7
30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 31.6 32.0 32.5 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.6 34.2 34.7 35.3 36.5
Muscularity Upper Arm 23.8 19.1 19.6 19.9 20.4 20.8 21.0 21.5 21.9 22.2 22.3 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.8 25.5 26.8 Forearm 23.6 19.1 19.7 20.0 20.2 20.5 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.8 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.4 23.9 Thigh 60.8 43.2 44.4 45.7 46.8 47.4 48.0 48.5 49.0 49.3 49.9 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.2 53.0 53.7 54.7 55.7 57.9 Calf 39.8 28.2 29.0 29.4 29.7 30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 31.6 32.0 32.5 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.6 34.2 34.7 35.3 36.5
Muscularity Upper Arm 22.4 19.1 19.6 19.9 20.4 20.8 21.0 21.5 21.9 22.2 22.3 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.8 25.5 26.8 Forearm 21.1 19.1 19.7 20.0 20.2 20.5 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.8 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.4 23.9 Thigh 45.2 43.2 44.4 45.7 46.8 47.4 48.0 48.5 49.0 49.3 49.9 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.2 53.0 53.7 54.7 55.7 57.9 Calf 30.8 28.2 29.0 29.4 29.7 30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 31.6 32.0 32.5 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.6 34.2 34.7 35.3 36.5
5 - 2
4 - 2
4 - 8