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22
“THE ONLY CONSTANT
IS CHANGE.”
-Heraclitus
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33
The American Community Colleges
Public: 987
Private: 155
Tribal: 31
Total: 1,173
Source: AACC 2010 Fact Sheet
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44
The American Community Colleges
Students
11.8 Million Students:6.8 million credit · 5 million non-credit
• 43% of U.S. Undergraduates
• 40% of First-Time Freshmen
• 56% Women, 44% Men
• 60% Part-Time, 40% Full-Time
• Average Age – 28 years
Source: AACC 2010 Fact Sheet
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55
72Districts
California Community Colleges
Urban
112Colleges
Suburban
Rural
A Diverse System
2.9 MILLION STUDENTS
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66
The San Diego
Community College District
California’s second-largest
community college district.
Serves the City of San Diego
and surrounding region.
5 Member Elected Board of
Trustees.
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77
San Diego CCD Leadership Team
Dr. Constance M. Carroll
Chancellor
Board of Trustees
Mary Graham, Rich Grosch, William H. Schwandt,
Dr. Maria Nieto Senour, Peter Zschiesche
Dr. Terrence Burgess
President
City College
Dr. Barbara Kavalier
Acting President
Mesa College
Dr. Patricia Hsieh
President
Miramar College
Dr. Anthony Beebe
President
Continuing Education
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88
50,000 Students Enroll in Credit Programs
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99
50,000 Students Enroll inContinuing / Adult Education
Educational Cultural Complex Mid-City Campus
• Centre City Campus
• Skills Center
• Cesar Chavez Campus
West City Campus
North City Campus
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1010
125,000 Service PersonnelEnroll at Military Base Programs
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1111
Changing Times
Funding Increases Limited Resources
Public Support(confidence)
Public Scrutiny
(accountability)
Process Outcomes
Teaching Learning
1960-1980 1980-Present
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1212
Leadership in the 21st Century
External
Forces
Internal
Forces
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1313
StateComm. Colleges
Regulations
UniversityChanges
Technology
FederalRegulations
DemographicsAccreditationRequirements
StudentNeeds
Business&
Industry
Legislative Term Limits
DistrictBudget
& Policies
StateEconomy
Community
College
Changing External Impacts
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1414
CHANGING MISSION
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1515
California Community College Mission
• Open Access to Higher Education
• Transfer Education
• Vocational Training
• Adult/Continuing Education
• Basic Skills/Remedial Education
• Support Services
• Economic Development
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1616
New Mission Considerations
Baccalaureate Degree
High School Diploma/GED
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1717
CHANGING STUDENTS
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1818
Gender & Age of
California Community College Students
2008 - 2009
Gender Age
Female
51%
Male
49%
50+
5%40-49
8%
35-39
6%
30-34
10%
25-29
19%
19 or
Younger
17%
20-24
35%
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1919
Ethnicity of
California Community College Students
2008 – 2009
Hispanic/Latino
23%
White
37%
African American
8%
Filipino
6%
Asian/Pacific
Islander
12%
American Indian
1%
Unknown
10%
Other
3%
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2020
The Nation’s Major Challenge
“America’s Perfect Storm:
Three Forces Changing Our
Nation’s Future”Kirsch, Braun, Yamamoto, Sum
• Disparity in Literacy & Numeracy Skills
• Economic & Employment Changes
• Demographic Changes
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2121
CHANGING METHODS
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2222
Laboratory
ContractEducation
WorkforceTraining
GlobalEducation
Open-EntryOpen Exit
Online
LearningCommunities
Lecture
Community
College
Changing Instructional Delivery
& Learning Methodologies
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2323
Changing Student Support Systems
FROM: TO:
Online Systems
•Registration
•Counseling
•Learning Support
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2424
LEADING & MANAGING
THE INSTITUTION
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2525
Community Colleges
Three Types of CEOs
Chancellor
Superintendent
President
President(Institutional)
College
College
College
College
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2626
Community College Dynamics
Rural Suburban UrbanAdvisory Board? Appointed Board? Elected Board?
Personal
Informal
Hands-On
Intense
Representative
Formal
Resistant to Change
Intense
Small LargeMedium
Single
College
District
Single
College
System
Single or
Multi-College
District
Single
College
University
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2727
Models of Governance
Authoritarian
(Judicial)
Town
Hall
Representative
Hybrids
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2828
Internal Constituencies
Faculty Academic Vocational Full-Time/Part-Time Gender Ethnicity Age, Longevity Union/Senate Teaching/Non-Teaching Credit/Non-Credit
Students Resident Commuter Full-Time Part-Time Day/Evening Involvement Traditional Re-Entry Gender Ethnicity
Administration Executive Middle Management Gender Ethnicity Age, Longevity History
Support Staff Clerical Technical Trades
Governing Boards Elected Appointed
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2929
Budget
80% Personnel
15% Operations
5% Discretionary
• Based on Growth
• Foundations
• Partnerships
• Contract Education
• Entrepreneurship
New Funding
• Reallocation of Resources
• Collaboration
• Out-sourcing
Change Mechanism
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3030
Administration
AB 1725 (1988)
“Ten Plus One”
Winton Act
SB160 (1976)
“Rodda Act”
Yeshiva Decision (1980)
U.S. Supreme Court
Collective Bargaining
Governance
Changing Decision-Making Trends
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3131
Fiscal control by Legislature & State system
Loss of local Board taxing ability (Prop. 13)
Diminishing revenue & flexibility
Increasing categorical accountability mandates
New Governance requirements AB 1725
Yeshiva Decision (1980)
Impact on employees of chronic underfunding
Challenges for Bargaining
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3232
CHANGES & CHALLENGES
AHEAD
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3333
72Districts
California Community Colleges
Budget Process
State Budget - Proposition 98
Governor - Legislature
State Board of Governors & System
Local Boards of Trustees & Districts
Federal &
Special Funds
• Allocations
112Colleges
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3434
California’s Challenge
JAWS: THE BUDGET
Major Problems
Unstable Revenue
2/3 Vote
Term Limits
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3535
Changing Philosophy of
Student Enrollment Fees
Time Frame Per Unit Fees
Prior to Fall 1984
Fall 1984 – Spring 1991
Fall 1991 – Fall 1993
Spring 1993
Fall 1993 – Fall 1995
Spring 1996 – Fall 1998
Spring 1999 – Fall 1999
$0
$5, capped at $50 per semester
$6, capped at $60 per semester
$10, cap eliminatedDifferential fee of $50/unit for
holders of BA/BS degrees
$13
$13 Differential fee eliminated
$12
Differential fee of $50/unit for
holders of BA/BS degrees
Spring 2000 – Spring 2003 $11
Fall 2003 – Spring 2004 $18
Fall 2004 – Fall 2006 $26
Spring 2007– Spring 2010 $20
Fall 2010 – present $26
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3636
Cultivating a Culture of Change Within the Institution Open to Ideas/Innovation Safe for Failure Rewarding/Recognizing Success Support (Money, Time, Connections, etc.)
Encouraging Team Approach
Promoting Collaboration Interdepartmental Grants Other Institutions Industry
Relating Change to Vision, Planning, Goals
Institutionalizing Positive Outcomes
Telling the Story
Elements of Successful Change
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3737
GOOD LUCK!