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AP World HistoryUnit 5
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A dynastic system for two thousand years.◦ Hierarchical system. Virtually becomes a colony in 1644.◦ Isolation.◦ Britain defeated China.
Forced it to open trade and exempt British citizens from Chinese laws.
◦ Manchu government defeated and gave into similar demands from other European countries and the United States.
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Sun Yat-sen◦ Influenced by Western ideas.◦ Wanted a modern and democratic
government. In 1911, soldiers rebelled against the
dynastic leaders. Sun Yat-sen failed to create a western-
style democracy in China.◦ Resulted in a period of disorder with warlords
and military generals fighting to control various provinces in China.
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Civil War ◦ General Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Nationalist Party,
established himself president. Civil war still continued.
Mao Zedong gets power. ◦ Wins support of peasants by collecting land from
landlords and redistributing it to poor peasants.◦ Mao leads the Long March.
90,000 communist supporters over thousands of miles. 6,000 marchers survived.
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From 1937–1949 Chiang Kai-shek and Mao unite armies their armies to defeat the Japanese who occupied China.◦ Peoples Liberation Army.
Japanese defeated in WWII.
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Civil War resumes.◦ Nationalists vs. PLA
Chiang Kai-shek and Nationalist supporters flee to Taiwan.
October 1, 1949, Mao declares China a communist “People’s Republic of China”
Mao says peasants share all the land
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China asks for advice about economic modernization.
China builds large factories and complex machines.
Mao dismisses further Soviet assistance.◦ He wants China to move more quickly toward
socialism.
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Mao mobilized large masses of people to modernize China.◦ Construction of dams,
reservoirs, railroads, etc. People gave up their
land, so there was no private property.
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Organized China into communes where people lived together.
Ordered people to study communist values and rid themselves of improper thoughts.◦ No anti-communist
thoughts.
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Plan failed. There wasn’t equality. Former landowners
publicly “denounced”. Limited effects of call for
steel production. Corrupt officials. Hundreds of thousands of
people died of starvation.
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Communist leaders wanted to focus on rebuilding the economy.
Mao worried that people would become concerned with making money.◦ This was a capitalist
thought.◦ Threat to socialism.
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Mao wanted to get rid of the “Four Olds”.1. old ideas.2. old culture.3. old customs.4. old habits.
Many Communist Party officials opposed Mao’s ideas.
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Mao turned to young people to bring back the “culture of revolution”.◦ Red Guard.
Humiliated, imprisoned, beat, and killed thousands of “enemies” of the revolution.◦ Educated people, teachers, city
dwellers, corrupt Communist Officials. Anyone rumored to be corrupt.
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Red Guard traveled the country raiding homes, museums, and historical monuments, destroying anything associated with the Four Olds.
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Military and police ordered not to interfere with the Red Guards.
Communist leaders lost control of the Cultural Revolution.◦ Called on the Red Guard to disband.
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Mao dies in 1976. Who will run the country?
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Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing and three colleagues gain power.◦ Gang of Four.
Gang of Four is arrested for trying to overthrow the government and causing the deaths of 34,000 people during the cultural revolution.
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In 1979. Deng Xiaoping becomes leader of China. ◦ He disagreed with Mao and had been dismissed
from his official position. Deng shifts focus on economic reform.
◦ Some privately owned farm land.◦ Four Modernizations:
1. Science2. Industry3. Technology4. Defense
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Students protest and demanded political reforms.◦ Want freedom of
press and democracy. Deng sends the
military in.◦ They killed 700 –
3,000 students, other protesters and bystanders
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Create a chart comparing Sun Yat-sen and Mao Zedong’s view of The Chinese Revolution.
This is not a graded assignment, but will appear in a related question on Quiz #9.