Download - Application of Numerical Distance Relay
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
1/31
APPLICATION OFAPPLICATION OF
NUMERICAL DISTANCENUMERICAL DISTANCERELAYSRELAYS
A PRESENTATION BYA PRESENTATION BY
OS DEPARTMENTOS DEPARTMENT
ERER--II,KOLKATAII,KOLKATA
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
2/31
FOREWORDFOREWORD Gazette Notification from GOI datedGazette Notification from GOI dated
09.03.2007 regarding Grid09.03.2007 regarding Grid
connectivity standards applicable toconnectivity standards applicable toTransmission lines & substationTransmission lines & substation--
PartPart--III(3) stipulates that:III(3) stipulates that:
Two Main Numerical DistanceTwo Main Numerical Distanceprotection scheme shall be providedprotection scheme shall be provided
on all the Transmission Lines ofon all the Transmission Lines of
220KV & above for all new220KV & above for all newsubstations. For existingsubstations. For existing
substations,this shall besubstations,this shall be
implemented in a reasonable timeimplemented in a reasonable time
frameframe
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
3/31
POWERGRIDs compliancePOWERGRIDs compliance
Technology made large populationsTechnology made large populationspossible; large populations now makepossible; large populations now maketechnology indispensabletechnology indispensable
POWERGRID is extensively usingPOWERGRID is extensively usingNumerical relays for protection schemes ofNumerical relays for protection schemes ofall new Lines & substations.all new Lines & substations.
All regional OS departments haveAll regional OS departments have
undertaken retrofitting of old relays withundertaken retrofitting of old relays withNew generation Numerical relays.New generation Numerical relays.
POWERGRID,ERPOWERGRID,ER--II has completed 1II has completed 1stst
stage of retrofitting of Numerical distancestage of retrofitting of Numerical distanceprotection. The work for the 2protection. The work for the 2ndnd stage isstage ispresently being executed.presently being executed.
Old static type differential relays for all EHVOld static type differential relays for all EHVTransformers are also being retrofitted withTransformers are also being retrofitted withNew Numerical differential protection.New Numerical differential protection.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
4/31
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
Improves dependability as well
as security
Has Self checking facility
ers ery ow ur en More flexible because of
programmable capability
Adaptive relaying schemes
Permit Historical data storage
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
5/31
ADVANTAGESContd.ADVANTAGESContd.
Fiber optical communication with
substation LAN Allow GPS (Geographical
Positioning System) Time stamping
Numerical relays simplify interfacingwith CTs and VTs
Separate connection is not required,
zero sequence voltages and currentscan be derived inside the processor
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
6/31
ENGINEERS CHOICEENGINEERS CHOICE
Numerical relays represent
best compromise between:
a) Economy and performance
b) epen a y an secur yc) Complexity and simplicity
d) Speed and accuracy
e) Credible and conceivable
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
7/31
COMPARISON STATEMENTCOMPARISON STATEMENT
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
8/31
Numerical Distance RelayNumerical Distance Relay
main functionsmain functions
A single Numerical distance relay
has: Distance protection
Power swing Blocking
Phase-fault (highset) overcurrentprotection
Directional earth-fault protection
Sensitive earth-fault protection Overvoltage and undervoltage
protection
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
9/31
SPECIAL FUNCTIONSSPECIAL FUNCTIONS
Broken conductor detection - To
detect network faults such as opencircuits, where a conductor may be
broken but not in contact with
another conductor or the earth. Circuit breaker failure protection -
Generally set to back-trip upstream
circuit breakers, should the circuitbreaker at the protected terminal fail
to trip.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
10/31
Numerical Distance protectionNumerical Distance protection
Other functionsOther functions
ControlControl
Autoreclose Check synchronising
Monitoring
Voltage transformer supervisionSystem data
Sequence of event records
Fault records Disturbance recorder
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
11/31
Existing Numerical DistanceExisting Numerical Distance
protection in POWERGRIDprotection in POWERGRID--ERER--IIII
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
12/31
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
13/31
Numerical Differential relayNumerical Differential relay
main functionsmain functionsA single Numerical differential relayhas:
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONDIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
Matching to the vector groupStabilization under inrush
(eg:based on the presence of second
Stabilization under overfluxingconditions
(eg:based on the ratio of the fifth harmonicthe ratio of the fifth harmonicto the fundamental wave)to the fundamental wave)
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULTPROTECTION
DEFINITE TIME AND INVERSE TIMEOVERCURRENT PROTECTION
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
14/31
Numerical Differential protectionNumerical Differential protection
main functionsContd.main functionsContd.
THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION
OVER-/UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
OVER-/UNDERFREQUENCY PROTECTION
OVEREXCITATION PROTECTION
impermissible high magnetic flux densitiy in
the iron core of power transformers in case of
increase in voltage and/or decrease in
frequency. Flux density above the rated valuesaturates the iron core & result in power
transformer overheating due to large iron
losses.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
15/31
Numerical DifferentialNumerical Differential
protection:Other functionsprotection:Other functions
Monitoring
Voltage transformer
supervision
ys em a a Sequence of event records
Fault records
Disturbance recorder
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
16/31
Existing Numerical DifferentialExisting Numerical Differential
protection in POWERGRIDprotection in POWERGRID--ERER--IIII
MICOM P-633
-
7UT613
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
17/31
A TOOL TO SYSTEMA TOOL TO SYSTEM
ENGINEERSENGINEERS
Numerical relays provide comprehensiveNumerical relays provide comprehensivefault reporting data for the analysis offault reporting data for the analysis ofpower system faults and relay operations.power system faults and relay operations.
Valuable information from relaysValuable information from relaysthroughout their grid may be gathered.throughout their grid may be gathered.
After a fault, most precise fault location canAfter a fault, most precise fault location canbe reached to narrow the search forbe reached to narrow the search forpossible damage on the line and to cut thepossible damage on the line and to cut thedown time for restoration.down time for restoration.
Software system for relay fault records canSoftware system for relay fault records canprovide the desired precision to the utilityprovide the desired precision to the utilitypersonnel.personnel.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
18/31
FAULT STUDYFAULT STUDY
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
19/31
Disturbance reportDisturbance report--11
Complete and reliableComplete and reliableinformation about disturbancesinformation about disturbances
in the primary and/or in thein the primary and/or in thesecondary system together withsecondary system together withcontinuous eventcontinuous event--logging islogging is
disturbance report functionality.disturbance report functionality.
The disturbance report, includedThe disturbance report, included
in the IED, acquires sampledin the IED, acquires sampleddata of all selected analoguedata of all selected analogueinput and binary signalsinput and binary signalsconnected to the function blockconnected to the function block
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
20/31
Disturbance reportDisturbance report--22
Any change in Digital Inputs orAny change in Digital Inputs or
Analog Thresholds functionAnalog Thresholds function
blocks may be set to trigger theblocks may be set to trigger thedisturbance recorderdisturbance recorder..
--
time to the end of posttime to the end of post--faultfaulttime, will be in the recording.time, will be in the recording.
Every disturbance reportEvery disturbance reportrecording is saved in the IED inrecording is saved in the IED in
the standard formats.the standard formats.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
21/31
Event recorderEvent recorder
Quick, complete and reliableQuick, complete and reliableinformation about disturbancesinformation about disturbances
in the primary and/or in thein the primary and/or in thesecondary system is vital e.g.secondary system is vital e.g.time tagged events loggedtime tagged events logged
..
This information is used forThis information is used fordifferent purposes in the shortdifferent purposes in the short
term (e.g. corrective actions)term (e.g. corrective actions)and in the long term (e.g.and in the long term (e.g.Functional Analysis).Functional Analysis).
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
22/31
Time synchronizationTime synchronization
Time synchronization sourceTime synchronization source
selector selects a commonselector selects a common
source of absolute time for thesource of absolute time for theIED.IED.
This makes com arison ofThis makes com arison of
events and disturbance dataevents and disturbance databetween all IEDs possible.between all IEDs possible.
It is done now with the IRIGIt is done now with the IRIG--BB
Protocol available with the GPSProtocol available with the GPS
Clock.Clock.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
23/31
STATION COMMUNICATIONSTATION COMMUNICATION
Each IED is provided with a communicationEach IED is provided with a communicationinterface, enabling it to connect to one orinterface, enabling it to connect to one ormany substation level systems or equipment,many substation level systems or equipment,either on the Substation Automation (SA)either on the Substation Automation (SA)bus or Substation Monitoring (SM) bus.bus or Substation Monitoring (SM) bus.
IEC 60870IEC 60870--55--103 communication protocol103 communication protocol
A single glass or plastic port allows designA single glass or plastic port allows designof simple substation automation systemsof simple substation automation systems
..
Disturbance files uploading is provided.Disturbance files uploading is provided. IEC 61850IEC 61850--88--1 communication protocol1 communication protocol
Single or double optical Ethernet ports forSingle or double optical Ethernet ports forthe new substation communication standardthe new substation communication standard
IEC61850IEC61850--88--1 allows intelligent devices1 allows intelligent devices(IEDs) from different vendors to exchange(IEDs) from different vendors to exchangeinformation and simplifies SA engineering.information and simplifies SA engineering.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
24/31
Return on InvestmentReturn on Investment
Investing on Numerical relaysInvesting on Numerical relays
has greater return as it was nothas greater return as it was notrequired to invest for discreterequired to invest for discreterelays line OV/UV,LBB,AR,relays line OV/UV,LBB,AR,
FL,DR etc.FL,DR etc. Failure Rate of Numerical relaysFailure Rate of Numerical relays
in POWERGRID has been veryin POWERGRID has been very
small, requiring lesssmall, requiring lessmaintenance cost.maintenance cost.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
25/31
Return on InvestmentReturn on Investment
A simple example.A simple example.
As per the New tariff regime, Outage of aAs per the New tariff regime, Outage of a420/220/33 KV 315MVA Autotransformer420/220/33 KV 315MVA Autotransformer
results a monetary loss of Rs. 2.5L perresults a monetary loss of Rs. 2.5L perDay.Day.
Tripping in case of even for extraneousTripping in case of even for extraneousreasons & not on Transformer fault followsreasons & not on Transformer fault follows
Health check test program,requiring a fullHealth check test program,requiring a fullday.day.
DR print, if available may help detect theDR print, if available may help detect theabove & Transformers can be restoredabove & Transformers can be restoredwithin 10within 10--15 Minutes.15 Minutes.
A single event of that order may renderA single event of that order may rendersaving of the amount invested for a newsaving of the amount invested for a newNumerical differential protectionNumerical differential protection
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
26/31
POWERGRID & NUMERICALPOWERGRID & NUMERICAL
RELAYSRELAYS
Technology does not drive
change -- it enables change All new substations in POWERGRIDAll new substations in POWERGRID
are coming with Substationare coming with Substation
utomat on,w c nev ta y comesutomat on,w c nev ta y comeswith numerical relays with IEC61850with numerical relays with IEC61850Communication protocol.Communication protocol.
Automation alongwith NumericalAutomation alongwith Numerical
relays eventually results in costrelays eventually results in costeffectiveness as well as Better grideffectiveness as well as Better gridsecurity.security.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
27/31
TYPICAL ARCHITECTURE
SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM INPOWERGRID
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
28/31
POWERGRID & NUMERICALPOWERGRID & NUMERICAL
RELAYS.. Cond.RELAYS.. Cond.
Once a new technology rolls over you, ifOnce a new technology rolls over you, ifyou're not part of the steamroller, you'reyou're not part of the steamroller, you'repart of the roadpart of the road
For Older stations, POWERGRID isFor Older stations, POWERGRID isreplacing old & obsolete relays withreplacing old & obsolete relays withnumer ca re ays.numer ca re ays.
Competitive bidding for Numerical distanceCompetitive bidding for Numerical distancerelays has resulted an average cost of Rs.relays has resulted an average cost of Rs.1.5L per relay for the retrofitting work.1.5L per relay for the retrofitting work.
In a few cases, repairing of old relays hasIn a few cases, repairing of old relays hasbeen found costlier than retrofitting with abeen found costlier than retrofitting with anew numerical relays.new numerical relays.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
29/31
ADAPTATIONADAPTATION
Our very survival depends on our ability toOur very survival depends on our ability tostay awake, to adjust to new ideas, tostay awake, to adjust to new ideas, toremain vigilant and to face the challenge ofremain vigilant and to face the challenge of
changechange Control & relay schemes usually cameControl & relay schemes usually came
from OEMs like ABB,AREVA,from OEMs like ABB,AREVA,, ., .
POWERGRID has achieved expertise inPOWERGRID has achieved expertise inadaptation of Numerical relay of Make sayadaptation of Numerical relay of Make sayX to be installed in the C&R scheme ofX to be installed in the C&R scheme ofMake YMake Y..
However, problem of Lower MakingHowever, problem of Lower Makingcapacity of the Numerical relays incapacity of the Numerical relays incomparison to the old distance relay had tocomparison to the old distance relay had tobe solved by incorporating CMRs ofbe solved by incorporating CMRs ofsuitable capacity.suitable capacity.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
30/31
LASTWORDLASTWORD
Science and technologyScience and technologyrevolutionize our lives, butrevolutionize our lives, butmemory, tradition and mythmemory, tradition and myth
frame our response.frame our response. Numerical relays are here as theNumerical relays are here as the
product as on date.product as on date. The advantages are many &The advantages are many &
nobody can deny that thenobody can deny that theNumerical relays came to stayNumerical relays came to stayfor years until a further betterfor years until a further betterproduct replaces them.product replaces them.
-
8/10/2019 Application of Numerical Distance Relay
31/31