Application Types
• Variable Torque
• Constant Torque
Variable Torque
Affinity Laws:
• Flow is proportional to speed.
(Flow1 / Flow2) = (RPM1)/(RPM2)
• Pressure is proportional to the square of the speed.
(Press1 / Press2) = (RPM1)2 / (RPM2)2
• HP is proportional to the cube of the speed.
(HP1 / HP2) = (RPM1 )3/ (RPM2)3
Variable Torque Curve
Variable Torque Curve
60 120
200%
100%
63%
To
rqu
e(T
ypic
al)
Continuous torquecapability
Speed in Hertz
Region of continuousoperation
Region of intermittentoperation
Peak torquecapability
Load torqueRequirement
Variable Torque - Flow
Flow is proportional to speed.(Flow1 / Flow2) = (RPM1) / (RPM2)
Flow RPM Second SecondGallons/min RPM Flow
10000 1800 900 5000.00
Variable Torque - Pressure
Pressure is proportional to the
square of the speed.
(Press1 / Press2) = (RPM1)2 / (RPM2)2
Pressure RPM Second SecondLb/sq. in RPM Pressure (lb/sq. in)
1000 1800 3600 4000
Variable Torque - HP
HP is proportional to the cube of the speed.
(HP1 / HP2) = (RPM1)3 / (RPM2)3
Horsepower RPM Second Second RPM Horsepower
10 1800 3600 80.00
RPM 1750 RPM 1750 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 900HP 30.0 HP 30.0 22.9 18.9 15.4 12.3 9.7 4.1Eff 88% Eff 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89%PF 90% PF 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%Amps 35.47 Amps 32.54 24.87 20.49 16.66 13.34 10.49 4.43Volts 460 Volts 460 460 460 460 460 460 460kW 25.43 kW 25.15 19.22 15.84 12.87 10.31 8.11 3.42Rate / Hr 0.06 Rate / Hr 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.0624 Hrs 36.62$ 24 Hrs 36.21$ 27.67$ 22.80$ 18.54$ 14.84$ 11.68$ 4.93$ Annual Cost 13,366.96$ Annual Cost 13,217$ 10,101$ 8,323$ 6,767$ 5,418$ 4,261$ 1,798$
Hrs 3 6 1.5 9 3 1.5 HP2 = HP1 x ( RPM2/RPM1)3
% speed 60% 100% 75% 80% 80% 90% kW = (E x I x PF x 1.732) / 1000RPM 1050 1750 1312.5 1400 1400 1575 Amps = (746 x HP) /(1.732 x E x Eff x PF)HP 6.48 30.00 12.66 15.36 15.36 21.87 Kw / Hr Rate 0.06$ Eff 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% Voltage 460PF 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%Amps 7.03 32.54 13.73 16.66 16.66 23.72Volts 460 460 460 460 460 460kW 16.29 150.88 15.91 115.87 38.62 27.50 kWRate / Hr 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Rate / HrTotal 0.98$ 9.05$ 0.95$ 6.95$ 2.32$ 1.65$ 24 Hrs
Annual Cost 357$ 3,304$ 348$ 2,538$ 846$ 602$ Annual Cost
Energy Savings Using VFD'sVFDMotor
21.90$ 7,995.00$
Operating Costs Formulas
Totals365.080.06
Energy Savings Using VFD’s
Variable Torque Applications
• Irrigation Water Pumps• Downhole Water Pumps• Submersible Water
Pumps• Domestic Water Pumps• Centrifugal Sewage
Treatment Pumps
• Centrifugal Fans• Blowers• Air Handling Units• Chillers
Types of Three Phase AC Motors used on Pumps
Horizontal foot mounted Close coupledBelt drivenGear reducer
VerticalHollow shaftSolid shaft
Submersible
Available in NEMA MG1 Part 30
&NEMA MG1 Part 31
Specialized winding process
Available in NEMA MG1 Part 30 only
Single Phase Motor
Cannot be used with a VFD
IMPORTANT
NOTICE!!!!!
Single Phase Motors
Three Phase Motorwith THREE Phase Input
VFD is sized by the
Full Load Amperage
of the motor.
L1
L2
L3
T1
T2
T3
Three Phase Motorwith SINGLE Phase Input
VFD is sized by the
Full Load Amperage
of the motor multiplied by 1.7
eg. For a 10HP motor with a FLA of 12 amps.
The VFD size would be
12 x 1.7 = 20.4 amps
Output Voltage is
the same as Input
Voltage.
T1
T2
T3
L1
L2
Pump Packaging Options
• Reactors line and load, Harmonic Filters, Sine Wave DV/DT Filters
• Disconnect, fusible or non-fusible• Bypass system, Cam Switch, 2 contactor,
3 contactor• Serial communication HVAC protocols• Standard and custom door mounted controls; any
combination• Pre-engineered packages
– Nema 1, Nema 12, Sprinkler Proof and Nema 3R• Custom engineered packages
Bypass Package Nema 3R
• Options– OPE Keypad– Fusible disconnect– 3 Contactor Bypass– Line Reactor– Load Reactor– Forced Air
Ventilation
Pump Packages
• Standard Enclosure Options:– Nema 1– Nema 12– Nema 3R– Sprinkler Proof– Wall Mount– Floor Mount
WELLMAX
• A USER FRIENDLY GRAPHICAL TOUCH SCREEN LCD with sensible wording for easy operation.Displays historical data of TORQUE, AMPS, and RPM (standard).You can zoom in & out to examine any data point of interest.
• An optional memory card will CONSTANTLY STORE DATA, which can be retrieved by the user.
• An optional four inch printer will be available for on the site printing of information.
• PUMPOFF CONTROL features will prolong the life of the pump by monitoring and maintaining an approximate FLUID LEVEL.SERIAL port available for COMMUNICATION. Optional interface available for MODBUS protocols.
• Option - A LOW COST SATELLITE COMMUNICATION link, which allows Internet viewing of 10 points of information as well as voice call out ability on alarm situations for $6 per day.
WELLMAXCONTROLLER
PUMPOFF CONTROLLER
Constant Torque Curve
Constant Torque
• Torque remains constant up to the motor base speed.
• HP is proportional to the speed.
Constant Torque Applications
• Conveyors• Compressors• Positive Displacement Pumps• Crushers• Mixers• Etc.
Positive Displacement Pumps
Constant Torque Load
60 100
200%
100%
63%
To
rqu
e(T
ypic
al)
Continuous torquecapability
Speed in Hertz
Region of continuouso eration
Region of in term ittenoperation
Load torquerequirem ent
Region of interm ittentoperation
Peak torquecapability
60 100
200%
100%
63%
To
rqu
e(T
ypic
al)
Continuous torquecapability
Speed in Hertz
egion of continuousperation
Region of in term ittentoperation
Load torquerequirem ent
Region of interm ittentoperation
Peak torquecapability
Constant Power Load
60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capability T
orq
ue
(Typ
ical
)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capability T
orq
ue
(Typ
ical
)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz
Region of continuousoperation
Region of intermittentoperation
Load torquerequirement
Torque Derating Due to Motor Cooling
60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capabilityT
orq
ue
(Ty
pic
al)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz60 100
200%
100%
63%
Field weakening region
Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capabilityT
orq
ue
(Ty
pic
al)
Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling
Speed in Hertz
Torque Curve Below & Above 60 Hz, Constant Torque V/F Ratio
Application Considerations • Motor voltage, HP & FLA
specifications• Load type, constant or variable torque• Control system requirements
Serial communication protocolAnalog and digital input and outputs
• Harmonic considerations• Nuisance tripping concerns• Motor insulation protection• Line & load filter options