Download - April 18, 2013
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April 18, 2013
STANDARD: SAP3a Interpret interactions among hormones, senses, and nerves which make possible the coordination of functions of the body.
EQ: What are the affects of hormone action on the human body?
WARM-UP: (Use your own paper, because I have your comp. books)Using pages 314, 319 & 320, briefly describe the following diseases, Goiter, Gigantism and Graves Disease.
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THE ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
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ENDOCRINE GLAND STIMULI
1. Hormonal Stimuli-most common; endocrine organs put into action by hormones (ex.hypothalamus anterior pituitary other endocrine glands)
2. Humoral Stimuli-changes in blood levels of certain nutrients and ions stimulate hormone release
3. Neural Stimuli-nerve fibers stimulate hormone release (ex. Adrenal medulla-norepinephrine/epinephrine)
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Pituitary
*Small as a pea and contains two lobes:
1. Anterior-glandular tissue
2. Posterior-nervous tissue
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PituitaryAnterior Hormones:1. Growth Hormone (GH)-growth of skeletal muscles & long bones2. Prolactin (PRL)-stimulates milk production in breasts3. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)-stimulates egg & sperm production4. Lutenizing Hormone (LH)-stimulates ovaries (ovulation) & testes5. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH)-growth of thyroid gland6. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH)- Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids
Posterior Hormones:1. Oxytocin-causes contraction of the uterus during labor & “let down” reflex for breastfeeding2. Antidiuretic (ADH)-helps kidneys retain water, prevents urination
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Thyroid
*large gland, made of two lobes, located at base of throat; inferior to the Adam’s apple
*Secretes 2 hormones:1. Thyroid-controls how fast
glucose is burned and converted to body heat (metabolic hormone)
2. Calcitonin-decreases blood calcium; deposits calcium in bones
*hypocalcemic
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Goiter
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Parathyroid*found on the posterior of the thyroid gland; 2 on each lobe
*secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
*Is hypercalcemic-when blood calcium levels drop, osteoclasts break down bone to release calcium into the blood
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Adrenal*sits on top of each kidney
*Two main parts:
1. Cortex (glandular tissue)2. Medulla (nervous tissue)
Cortex Hormones:Corticosteroids3. Mineralocorticoids-regulates mineral
content in blood4. Glucocorticoids-cortisone; helps body
resist normal stress (long term)5. Sex hormones-androgens, &
estrogens
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Adrenal (cont.)Medulla Hormones:
1. Epinephrine-(short term stress)2. Norepinephrine-can be secreted as a
neurotransmitter
*When secreted into blood stream, heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels increase. Passages of lungs increase to bring in more oxygen and breathing increases.
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Pancreas*close to the stomach
*contains pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) that produce insulin (beta cells) & glucagon-hyperglycemic (alpha cells)
*insulin is the antagonist of glucagon, its is hypoglycemic
*normal blood sugar:80-120mg/100ml
*high blood sugar:600mg/100ml (glucose will start to spill into urine)
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Diabetes:Type 2:
Type 1:
*Adult onset*Produces insulin, but receptors can’t respond to it*Treated through special diets and/or hypoglycemic medications
*Juvenile diabetes*more severe*Treated through insulin pumps or injections
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Pineal Gland*small cone-shaped gland that hangs from roof of 3rd ventricle in the brain
*Hormone: melatoninmakes us drowsy; highest at night, lowest at noon; “sleep trigger”-drowsy
*Also associated with mating behavior in animals & believed to keep the reproductive system in check
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Thymus*located in upper thorax, posterior to sternum
*Large in infants and gets smaller as you get older
*Hormone: thymosinFosters normal development of white blood cells (T-Cells aka Killer T-Cells)
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GONADS:Ovaries
*Produces estrogen & progesterone
Responsible for development of the females secondary sex-characteristics; ex. Breast development and menstrual cycle regulation
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Testes
*Produces androgens, such as testosterone
* Responsible for male secondary sex characteristics; ex. Facial hair, heavy bones and muscles, deeper voice, and sperm production
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4 CORNERS
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A. Growth HormoneB. ProlactinC. FSHD. LH
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A. OxytocinB. Growth HormoneC. ADHD. Melatonin
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A. OxytocinB. Growth HormoneC. ADHD. Melatonin
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A. CalcitoninB. InsulinC. ParathyroidD. Glucagon
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A. CalcitoninB. glucagonC. insulinD. parathyroid
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A. ThymosinB. LSHC. OxytocinD. GH
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A. Beta cellsB. Glucagon C. Alpha cellsD. Pancreatic islets
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A. Hormonal stimulusB. Neural stimulusC. Humoral stimulusD. Feedback stimulus
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A. Neural StimulusB. Negative FeedbackC. Humoral StimulusD. Positive Feedback
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A. Adrenal CortexB. ThyroidC. Adrenal MedullaD. Parathyroid
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A. LHB. ThyroidC. FSHD. Parathyroid
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