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Architectures for the Future
Doug Burger University of TexasRoy Ju IntelRavi Nair IBMKunle Olukotun StanfordEric Rotenberg North Carolina State
Erik Altman IBM
ISPASS Panel March 21, 2005
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Outline
TrendsQuestionsProvocations
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Growth of Die Size
http://www.taoli.ece.ufl.edu/teaching/spring05/eel6935_schedule_pdf/Stojcev.pdf
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Growth in Frequency
http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/icdesign/ee141_s03/Lectures/Lecture1_Introduction.pdf
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Power and Performance vs F04
http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~dbrooks/micro2003-tutorial-final.pdf
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Effect of Critical Paths
http://www.microarch.org/micro37/presentations/MICRO37%20Sborkar.pdf
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Growth in Complexity & Productivity
http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/icdesign/ee141_s03/Lectures/Lecture1_Introduction.pdf
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Growth of Stepper Cost
http://www.taoli.ece.ufl.edu/teaching/spring05/eel6935_schedule_pdf/Stojcev.pdf
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Growth of Onchip Cache
http://www.microarch.org/micro37/presentations/MICRO37%20Sborkar.pdf
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Impact of Security?
Can architecture help improve security and reliability?
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Impact of Apps on Architecture?
What is general purpose computing?Should ISA / microarchitecture be different for DSP, embedded, desktop, games, scientific, commercial transaction processing?
Are there any new killer apps emerging that will drive new architecture?
Speech recognitionGamesPervasive / Sensor based: Everything connected
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Role for Specialization?
Will mask costs decrease the number of ASICs, or will energy efficiency increase the number of ASICs?
Will processors employ specialized accelerators to help with increasing power/performance problems?
TCP/IPEncryptionXML parsingSpeech RecognitionSPAM Filters
Will reconfigurable hardware be used in mainstream processors?
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Impact of Compiler and OS?
Will compilers and operating systems be able to support more irregular architectural features:
AcceleratorsSIMDXY memoriesCircular buffers
Will compilers substantially improve performance over current optimization levels?
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Impact of Multiple Threads?
Can SMT/CMP improve single thread performance?
What types of computing naturally have multiple threads?
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ProvocationsUniprocessor performance does not need to get any better.
Uniprocessor performance cannot get much better.
Current programming practices make it too hard to generate parallel code from a single thread of execution.
Parallelism will always be the next big thing.
Given power limitations and the memory wall, we would get better system performance if we went back to 500 MHz Chips.
Architecture lives: Accelerators for new applications, control independence, polymorphism, virtual machines, thread level speculation, etc. point to a resurgence of architecture.